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Animal Agriculture: Issues in the 107th Congress
A variety of animal agriculture issues, including prices, the impact of consolidation in the meat production/packing industry, trade, and the environmental impacts of large feedlots, continue to generate interest in Congress. This issue brief discusses these issues, as well as the 2002 farm bill, which contains several provisions affecting animal agriculture, including protections for contract growers, disaster assistance, country-of-origin labeling, and increased funding for conservation purposes.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture: Prospective Issues for the 107th Congress
Persistent low farm prices and 3 years of multi-billion dollar ad hoc additions to federal spending for farmers are expected to put pressure on the 107th Congress for an early review of federal farm policy. Farm policy is governed by a variety of laws, many of which are incorporated into an omnibus, multi-year farm bill. Most of the provisions of the current farm bill, the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996, expire after the 2002 crop year. Key issues are the responsiveness of current policy to low commodity prices and farm income, factors influencing low prices, and options for improving prices and/or providing automatic relief to farmers when prices fall. Increased concentration in the agriculture industry, trade, and environmental regulations affecting agriculture are likely to be part of the debate.
Date:
January 29, 2001
Creator:
Jones, Jean Yavis
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Merger and Antitrust Issues in Agriculture: Statutes and Agencies
None
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Infrastructure Information Disclosure and Homeland Security
This report discusses the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) that was passed to ensure by statute citizen access to government information. Nine categories of information may be exempted from disclosure. Three of the nine exemptions provide possible protection against the release of critical infrastructure information: exemption 1 (national security information); exemption 3 (information exempted by statute); and exemption 4 (confidential business information). Congress has considered several proposals to exempt critical infrastructure information from the FOIA.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Moteff, John D. & Stevens, Gina Marie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Expedited Procedures in the House: Variations Enacted Into Law
Congress enacts expedited, or fast-track, procedures into law when it wants to increase the likelihood that one or both houses of Congress will vote in a timely way on a certain measure or kind of measure. These procedures are enacted as rulemaking provisions of law pursuant to the constitutional power of each house to adopt its own rules. The house to which a set of expedited procedures applies may act unilaterally to waive, suspend, amend, or repeal them.
Date:
January 29, 2001
Creator:
Bach, Stanley
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bosnia Stabilization Force (SFOR) and U.S. Policy
In December 1995, a NATO-led implementation force (IFOR) was deployed to Bosnia to enforce the military aspects of the Bosnian peace agreement. After fierce debate, the House and Senate passed separate resolutions in December 1995 expressing support for the U.S. troops in Bosnia, although not necessarily for the mission itself. Legislative efforts to bar funds for the deployment of U.S. troops to Bosnia were narrowly rejected. In the 105th Congress, similar efforts to bar a U.S. deployment after June 1998 were also rejected, although the FY 1998 defense authorization and appropriations laws contain reporting requirements that must be fulfilled before an extended deployment may take place. The defense appropriation measure requires the President to seek a supplemental appropriation for any deployment after June 1998.
Date:
January 29, 1998
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.; Kim, Julie & Woehrel, Steven
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
POWs and MIAs: Status and Accounting Issues
None
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Goldich, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Economic Conditions
China’s economy remained relatively healthy in 2002, despite economic slowdowns in other parts of the world. Foreign investment continued to pour into China, and the Chinese government effectively used public spending to boost the economy. However, painful economic reforms will be necessary to keep the economic strong in 2003 and beyond. The recent outbreak in early 2003 of a very contagious virus called SevereAcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS) in China appears to have had a short-term negative impact on the Chinese economy.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2001: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government.
Date:
January 29, 2001
Creator:
Gressle, Sharon S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bankruptcy Reform in the 108th Congress
On March 19, 2003, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 975, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2003. H.R. 975, as introduced, was substantially similar to the legislation (H.R. 333) approved by both the House and the Senate during the 107th Congress, but omitted the Schumer Amendment which would have prevented the discharge of liability for willful violation of protective orders and violent protests against providers of “lawful services,” including reproductive health services. As passed by the House, H.R. 975 was amended to add sections to, among other things, increase the cap on wage and employee benefit claims. The Senate did not consider H.R. 975 during the first session of the 108th Congress. This report provides an overview of selected major provisions of the legislation.
Date:
January 29, 2004
Creator:
Welborn, Angie A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran: Current Developments and U.S. Policy
This report discusses the developments in Iranian foreign policy, their involvement with terrorist organizations, the developments made with respect to weapons of mass destruction, and human rights concerns. It also details the Bush Administration's efforts to maintain the sanctions put in place by the Clinton Administration.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations
This report discusses India - U.S relations and its bilateral issues
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis, Peace Talks, Terrorism, and U.S. Policy
None
Date:
January 29, 2002
Creator:
Dagne, Theodore S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq War? Current Situation and Issues for Congress
None
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Infrastructures: What Makes an Infrastructure Critical?
A fluid definition of what constitutes a critical infrastructure could complicate policymaking and actions. At the very least, a growing list of infrastructures in need of protection will require the federal government to prioritize its efforts. Essentially the federal government will have to try to minimize the impact on the nation’s critical infrastructure of any future terrorist attack, taking into account what those impacts might be and the likelihood of their occurring.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Moteff, John D.; Copeland, Claudia & Fischer, John W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Protecting Noncreative Databases: H.R. 3261, 108th Congress, First Session (2003)
None
Date:
January 29, 2004
Creator:
Jeweler, Robin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Human Embryo Research
The FY1998 Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-78, enacted on November 13, 1997, prohibits the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from funding human embryo research in the fiscal year 1998. This ban applies to all federally supported investigations involving the creation of a human embryo or embryos for research purposes, and studies in which a human embryo is destroyed, discarded, or knowingly exposed to the risk of injury or death greater than that allowed for research on fetuses in utero as delineated in 45 CFR 46.208 (a)(2) and section 498(b) of the Public Health Service Act. The expression “human embryo or embryos” include any organism not protected under 45 CFR 46 (Protection of Human Subjects) that is derived by fertilization, parthenogenesis, cloning, or any other means from one or more human gametes (egg and sperm, female and male sex cells, respectively) or human diploid cells. Current research involving human embryos, done in the private and international sectors pertain largely to the preimplantation embryo that results from in vitro fertilization.
Date:
January 29, 1998
Creator:
Stith-Coleman, Irene
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure
None
Date:
January 29, 2001
Creator:
Galemore, Gary L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Overrides of Presidential Vetoes
The President’s veto is effective not only in preventing the passage of legislation undesirable to the President, but also as a threat, sometimes forcing Congress to modify legislation before it is presented to the President. However, as a veto threat is carried out, Congress is faced with choices: letting the veto stand, the difficult task of overriding the veto, meeting the President’s objections and sending a new bill forward, or resubmitting the same provisions under a new bill number.
Date:
January 29, 2001
Creator:
Galemore, Gary L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA) calls for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geologic repository that is unlikely to be disturbed for thousands of years. Low-level waste sites are a state responsibility under the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980. Pursuant to that act, 10 regional compacts for disposal of low level waste have been approved by Congress. Three commercial low-level waste sites are currently operating, in the states of South Carolina, Utah, and Washington.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Holt, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Taxes: A Description of Current Law
This report contains an explanation of the major provisions of the Federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes. The discussion divides the Federal estate tax into three components: the gross estate, deductions from the gross estate, and computation of the tax, including allowable tax credits.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Value-Added Tax as a New Revenue Source
None
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Value-Added Tax Contrasted with a National Sales Tax
Proposals to replace all or part of the income tax, proposals for national health care, and a proposal to finance America’s war effort have sparked congressional interest in the possibility of a broad-based consumption tax as a new source of revenue. A value-added tax (VAT) or a national sales tax (NST) have been frequently discussed as possible new tax sources. Both the VAT and the NST are taxes on the consumption of goods and services and are conceptually similar. Yet, these taxes also have significant differences. This issue brief discusses some of the potential policy implications associated with these differences.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview
This report discusses the idea of replacing our current income tax system with a flat-rate tax, including background and analysis and various Congressional proposals.
Date:
January 29, 2003
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library