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Analytical theory of ion-temperature-gradient instability (open access)

Analytical theory of ion-temperature-gradient instability

The relationship between the threshold values of ion-temperature-gradient instabilities and the temperature parameters of plasmas is investigated analytically in slab and toroidal geometries separately. It is found that the threshold values increase rapidly when the ion temperature becomes much higher than the electron temperature. The change of the threshold vaues with respect to the ion temperature is quite similar for both geometric models. This finding is consistent with PLT observations. Furthermore, the analytical results also agree with those of the numerical calculations.
Date: January 19, 1982
Creator: Guo, S.; Shen, J.; Chen, L. & Tsai, S.T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
MOLTEN-SALT REACTOR PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD FROM MARCH 1 TO AUGUST 31, 1961 (open access)

MOLTEN-SALT REACTOR PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD FROM MARCH 1 TO AUGUST 31, 1961

The Molten Salt Reactor Experiment design, component development, and engineering analysis is discussed. Materials studies for the Molten-Salt Reactor Program including metallurgy, in-pile tests, chemistry, engineering research, and fuel processing are described. (M.C.G.)
Date: January 19, 1962
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM RUPTURE OF THE SECONDARY COOLANT SYSTEM OF THE 10 Mw ESCR (open access)

RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM RUPTURE OF THE SECONDARY COOLANT SYSTEM OF THE 10 Mw ESCR

The hazards study was made to determine the radiation level from the secondary sodium lines of the l0-Mw ESCR, and to evaluate the corresponding radioactive concentration in the secondary loop and the maximum permissible effective activation flux in the intermediate heat exchanger. The results are presented graphicallyn the radiation level from the coolant lines during normal operation as a function of line diameter and Na/sup 4/ concentration; the effective thermal neutron activation flux level in the intermediate heat exchanger as a function of the Na/sup 4/ concentration in the secondary loop and the ratio of the time spent in the flux field to the time spent in making one cycle; average Na concentration in the reactor room atmosphere for operative and inoperative ventilation systems, assuming that all the sodium in the secondary system is released to the room and burns; and the downwind concentration of Na/ sup 24/ resulting from the release of all the secondary sodium on an open pad area exterior to the reactor building. An analysis of the results shows that in the event of an accident the toxicological hazards are more severe than the radiological hazards. Recommendations are given for minimizing the toxological hazards. (B.O.G.)
Date: January 19, 1960
Creator: Piccot, A.R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base. [Including sample preparation without oxidation] (open access)

Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base. [Including sample preparation without oxidation]

Retrieval of 5-lb splits of -1/4 inch coal from designated 30-gallon drums was completed. Preparation and analysis of these samples for the second yearly quality evaluation is in progress. After consultation with the DOE Project Manager, two replacement samples were collected. These are the first of the series which will be stored in foil laminate bags. Both of these samples were placed in 30 gallon steel drums lined with polyethylene bags at the mine site. They were equipped with lid gaskets made from Tygon tubing, and 1/4 in. metal tubing fittings to purge and pressurize the drum with argon.
Date: January 19, 1990
Creator: Davis, A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Telecommunications: Issues Related to the Structure and Funding of Public Television (open access)

Telecommunications: Issues Related to the Structure and Funding of Public Television

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "How to fund public television has been a concern since the first noncommercial educational station went on the air in 1953. The use of federal funds to help support public television has been a particular point of discussion and debate. This report reviews (1) the organizational structure of public television, (2) the programming and other services that public television provides, (3) the current funding sources for public television, (4) the extent to which public television stations are increasing their nonfederal funding sources and developing new sources of nonfederal support, and (5) the extent to which public television benefits financially from business ventures associated with programming and how this compares with commercial broadcasters. GAO reviewed revenue, membership, and programming data for all public television licensees. GAO also interviewed officials from 54 of public television's 173 licensees, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the Public Broadcasting Service, federal agencies, and producers of commercial and public television programming"
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Budget Issues: FEMA Needs Adequate Data, Plans, and Systems to Effectively Manage Resources for Day-to-Day Operations (open access)

Budget Issues: FEMA Needs Adequate Data, Plans, and Systems to Effectively Manage Resources for Day-to-Day Operations

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Much of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) funding is provided in supplemental appropriations when a disaster is declared, but funds to staff, manage, and operate other FEMA programs and underlying support functions--what GAO refers to as its day-to-day operations--compete with other Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and federal priorities for limited resources. In this environment, FEMA must strategically plan for and manage its day-to-day operations to ensure they efficiently and effectively support the agency's disaster relief mission. To analyze this issue, GAO examined resource trends and management related to FEMA's day-to-day operations from fiscal year 2001 through fiscal year 2005."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Workforce Investment Act: Innovative Collaborations between Workforce Boards and Employers Helped Meet Local Needs (open access)

Workforce Investment Act: Innovative Collaborations between Workforce Boards and Employers Helped Meet Local Needs

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Workforce board officials and their partners in the 14 initiatives cited a range of factors that facilitated building innovative collaborations. Almost all of the collaborations grew out of efforts to address urgent workforce needs of multiple employers in a specific sector, such as health care, manufacturing, or agriculture, rather than focusing on individual employers. Additionally, the partners in these initiatives made extra effort to understand and work with employers so they could tailor services such as jobseeker assessment, screening, and training to address specific employer needs. For example, in Greensboro, North Carolina, board staff provided expedited services for an aircraft company that just moved to the area by designing a web-based recruitment tool and customized assessment process within 48 hours and screening over 2,400 initial applicants. In all the initiatives, partners remained engaged in these collaborative efforts because they continued to produce a wide range of reported results, such as an increased supply of skilled labor, job placements, reduced employer recruitment and turnover costs, and averted layoffs. For example, in Cincinnati, Ohio, employers who participated in the health care initiative realized almost $5,000 in estimated cost …
Date: January 19, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Food Stamp Program: States Seek to Reduce Payment Errors and Program Complexity (open access)

Food Stamp Program: States Seek to Reduce Payment Errors and Program Complexity

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "In fiscal year 2000, the Department of Agriculture's Food Stamp Program, administered jointly by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and the states, provided $15 billion in benefits to an average of 17.2 million low-income persons each month. FNS, which pays the full cost of food stamp benefits and half of the states' administrative costs, promulgates program regulations and oversees program implementation. The states run the program, determining whether households meet eligibility requirements, calculating monthly benefits the households should receive, and issuing benefits to participants. FNS assesses the accuracy of states' efforts to determine eligibility and benefits levels. Because of concerns about the integrity of Food Stamp Program payments, GAO examined the states' efforts to minimize food stamp payment errors and what FNS has done and could do to encourage and assist the states reduce such errors. GAO found that all 28 states it examined had taken steps to reduce payment errors. These steps included verifying the accuracy of benefit payments calculated through supervisory and other types of casefile reviews, providing specialized training for food stamp workers, analyzing quality control data to determine causes of errors …
Date: January 19, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Personnel: Strategic Plan Needed to Address Army's Emerging Officer Accession and Retention Challenges (open access)

Military Personnel: Strategic Plan Needed to Address Army's Emerging Officer Accession and Retention Challenges

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Accessing and retaining high-quality officers in the current environment of increasing deployments and armed conflict may be two of the all volunteer force's greatest challenges. The military services use three programs to access officer candidates: (1) military academies, (2) the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), and (3) Officer Candidate Schools (OCS). In addition to accessing new officers, the services must retain enough experienced officers to meet current operational needs and the services' transformation initiatives. GAO was asked to assess the extent to which the services are accessing and retaining the officers required to meet their needs. GAO also identified steps that the Department of Defense (DOD) and the services have taken and the impediments they face in increasing officers' foreign language proficiency. For this report, GAO examined actual accession and retention rates for officers in fiscal years (FYs) 2001, 2003, and 2005 as well as projections for later years. Also, GAO reviewed documents on foreign language training and plans."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bank Holding Company Act: Characteristics and Regulation of Exempt Institutions and the Implications of Removing the Exemptions (open access)

Bank Holding Company Act: Characteristics and Regulation of Exempt Institutions and the Implications of Removing the Exemptions

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The 1,002 exempt financial institutions make up a small percentage of the assets of the overall banking system—about 7 percent—and include industrial loan corporations (ILC), limited-purpose credit card banks, municipal deposit banks, trust banks with insured deposits, and savings and loans (S&L). Although exempt from the BHC Act, S&L holding companies are regulated by the Federal Reserve System Board of Governors (Federal Reserve) under the Home Owners’ Loan Act as amended. Excluding S&Ls, the number of exempt institutions drops to 57 that comprise less than 1 percent of banking system assets and there is a 3-year moratorium on the approval of federal deposit insurance on select exempt institutions that ends in 2013. These institutions vary by size, activities, and risks. Larger institutions such as ILCs provide banking services similar to those of commercial banks and carry many of the same risks. Other exempt institutions are smaller, provide only a few services such as credit card loans and related services, and thus have lower risk profiles."
Date: January 19, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical and Biological Defense: Updated Intelligence, Clear Guidance, and Consistent Priorities Needed to Guide Investments in Collective Protection (open access)

Chemical and Biological Defense: Updated Intelligence, Clear Guidance, and Consistent Priorities Needed to Guide Investments in Collective Protection

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "For the military to operate in environments contaminated by chemical and biological warfare agents, the Department of Defense (DOD) has developed collective protection equipment to provide a protected environment for group activities. GAO previously reported persistent problems in providing collective protection for U.S. forces in high threat areas overseas. In this report, GAO examined (1) current intelligence assessments of chemical and biological threats, (2) the extent to which DOD has provided collective protection at critical overseas facilities and major expeditionary warfighting assets, and (3) DOD's framework for managing installation protection policies and prioritizing critical installations for funding. In conducting this review, GAO developed criteria to identify critical sites in the absence of a DOD priority listing of such sites in overseas high threat areas--areas at high risk of terrorist or missile attack."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gun Control and Terrorism: FBI Could Better Manage Firearm-Related Background Checks Involving Terrorist Watch List Records (open access)

Gun Control and Terrorism: FBI Could Better Manage Firearm-Related Background Checks Involving Terrorist Watch List Records

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Membership in a terrorist organization does not prohibit a person from owning a gun under current law. Thus, during presale screening of prospective firearms purchasers, the National Instant Criminal Background Check System historically did not utilize terrorist watch list records. However, for homeland security and other purposes, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and applicable state agencies began receiving notices (effective February 3, 2004) when such screening involved watch lists records. GAO determined (1) how many checks have resulted in valid matches with terrorist watch list records, (2) procedures for providing federal counterterrorism officials relevant information from valid-match background checks, and (3) the extent to which the FBI monitors or audits the states' handling of such checks."
Date: January 19, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Nuclear Security Administration: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Management of the Nation's Nuclear Programs (open access)

National Nuclear Security Administration: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Management of the Nation's Nuclear Programs

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In response to security and management weaknesses, in 1999 the Congress created the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separately organized agency within the Department of Energy (DOE). NNSA is responsible for the nation's nuclear weapons, nonproliferation, and naval reactors programs. Since its creation, NNSA has continued to experience security problems, such as unauthorized access to a NNSA unclassified computer system, and cost and schedule overruns on its major projects, such as the National Ignition Facility. GAO reviewed the extent to which NNSA has taken steps to (1) improve security at its laboratories and plants and (2) improve its management practices and revise its organizational structure. To carry out its work, GAO reviewed legislation; NNSA policies, plans and budgets; and interviewed current and former NNSA and DOE officials."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical and Biological Defense: Management Actions Are Needed to Close the Gap between Army Chemical Unit Preparedness and Stated National Priorities (open access)

Chemical and Biological Defense: Management Actions Are Needed to Close the Gap between Army Chemical Unit Preparedness and Stated National Priorities

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report states that the Department of Defense (DOD) must be prepared to respond to and mitigate the effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) attacks at home or overseas. Moreover, the Secretary of Defense directed the U.S. military to define the nature and potential requests for military capabilities needed to respond to 15 National Planning Scenarios issued by the Homeland Security Council. The Army's chemical units are key players in this mission. GAO was asked to evaluate the preparedness of the Army's chemical and biological units, including the extent to which (1) units tasked with providing chemical and biological defense support to combat units and commands are adequately staffed, equipped, and trained and (2) units also tasked with a homeland defense mission--especially National Guard and Reserve units--are adequately prepared for this mission. During this review, we analyzed readiness data and other preparedness indicators for 78 Army chemical units."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crude Oil: California Crude Oil Price Fluctuations Are Consistent with Broader Market Trends (open access)

Crude Oil: California Crude Oil Price Fluctuations Are Consistent with Broader Market Trends

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "California is the nation's fourth largest producer of crude oil and has the third largest oil refining industry (behind Texas and Louisiana). Because crude oil is a globally traded commodity, natural and geopolitical events can affect its price. These fluctuations affect state revenues because a share of the royalty payments from companies that lease state or federal lands to produce crude oil are distributed to the states. Because there are many varieties and grades of crude oil, buyers and sellers often price their oil relative to another abundant, highly traded, and high quality crude oil called a benchmark. West Texas Intermediate (WTI), a light crude oil, is the most commonly used benchmark in the United States. The price difference between a crude oil and its benchmark is commonly expressed as a price differential. In fall 2004, crude oil price differentials between WTI and California's heavier, and generally lower valued, crude oil rose sharply. GAO was asked to examine (1) the extent to which crude oil price differentials in California have fluctuated over the past 20 years and (2) the factors that may explain the recent changes …
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Office of Personnel Management: Key Lessons Learned to Date for Strengthening Capacity to Lead and Implement Human Capital Reforms (open access)

Office of Personnel Management: Key Lessons Learned to Date for Strengthening Capacity to Lead and Implement Human Capital Reforms

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "As the agency responsible for the federal government's human capital initiatives, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) must have the capacity to successfully guide human capital transformations necessary to meet the governance challenges of the 21st century. Given this key role, GAO was asked to assess OPM's capacity to lead further reforms. In June 2006, GAO testified on several management challenges that OPM faces. This report--the second in a series--supplements that testimony and, using the new senior executive performance-based pay system as a model for understanding OPM's capacity to lead and implement reform, identifies lessons learned that can inform future reforms. GAO analyzed relevant laws and documents, and obtained views from the Chief Human Capital Officers (CHCO) Council and human resource directors, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) staff, and OPM officials."
Date: January 19, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Reform: Information on the Archer-Shaw Proposal (open access)

Social Security Reform: Information on the Archer-Shaw Proposal

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Archer-Shaw Social Security reform proposal, focusing on: (1) the extent to which the proposal achieves sustainable solvency and how it would affect the U.S. economy and the federal budget; (2) the balance struck between the twin goals of income adequacy (level and certainty of benefits) and individual equity (rates of return on individual contributions); and (3) how readily such changes could be implemented, administered, and explained to the public."
Date: January 19, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Management: Problems in Accounting for Navy Transactions Impair Funds Control and Financial Reporting (open access)

Financial Management: Problems in Accounting for Navy Transactions Impair Funds Control and Financial Reporting

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the effects of in-transit disbursements on the Navy's funds control and financial reporting."
Date: January 19, 1999
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Regulation: NRC Staff Have Not Fully Accepted Planned Changes (open access)

Nuclear Regulation: NRC Staff Have Not Fully Accepted Planned Changes

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) shift to a risk-informed regulation, focusing on the: (1) views of NRC's staff on the quality of the work that NRC performs, the management of and staff's involvement in changes occurring in the agency, and the move to a risk-informed regulatory approach; and (2) status of NRC's efforts to develop a strategy to implement a risk-informed regulatory approach."
Date: January 19, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Small Business: Status of Small Disadvantaged Business Certifications (open access)

Small Business: Status of Small Disadvantaged Business Certifications

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The federal government has an annual, governmentwide procurement goal of at least five percent for small disadvantaged businesses (SDB). SDBs are eligible for various price and evaluation benefits when being considered for federal contract awards. SDB firms must have their SDB status certified by the Small Business Administration (SBA). Because of concerns over reports that fewer businesses were receiving SDB certification than expected, GAO examined the SBA certification processes to (1) determine the number of businesses that SBA had certified as socially and economically disadvantaged since the implementation of the Small Disadvantaged Business Certification program and (2) obtain views on reasons for the current difference in the number of SDB certifications from the number that had previously self-certified as SDBs. SBA records show that 9,034 small business firms were certified as SDBs as of August 24, 2000. According to SDB officials, 6,405 of these were automatically certified because of their 8(a) certification. The number of SDBs that have been certified by SBA is significantly lower than the 30,000 projected by SBA based on the number of firms that had self-certified as SDBs. Possible reasons for this …
Date: January 19, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (open access)

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties

U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate - that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than as treaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementing Congress's long-standing policy of seeking trade benefits for the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. This report discusses this topic in brief.
Date: January 19, 2011
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Direct-interaction approximation and statistically steady states of three nonlinearly coupled modes (open access)

Direct-interaction approximation and statistically steady states of three nonlinearly coupled modes

The direct-interaction approximation is used to find statistically steady states of a system of three modes, with complex frequencies, coupled by a quadratic nonlinearity. These states are compared to the exact predictions of an ensemble of realizations with Gaussianly distributed initial conditions. The direct-interaction approximation is shown to be reasonably successful in this context.
Date: January 19, 1982
Creator: Krommes, John A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Brayton-cycle heat-recovery system characterization program. Component test plan (open access)

Brayton-cycle heat-recovery system characterization program. Component test plan

The critical components of the glass furnace subject to corrosion/erosion are: the valve gate and the valve seat bottom and sides which can also be subject to warpage causing subsequent leakage and the furnace flues (or ducting). The Brayton System will be added to the glass furnace just downstream of the reversal valve. Hence, the inlet air to the flues will no longer be at ambient temperature but at a higher level between 800 to 1000/sup 0/F. Also, the exhaust gas for the Brayton System is required to be 1500 to 1600/sup 0/F at these locations. Thus, the flues and valve components will be exposed to a much higher average temperature operating with the Brayton System. The possibility of cracking of the refractory linings and warpage and scaling of the switching valve, with consequent leakage to the exhaust stream should be avoided or decreased as much as feasible because of its effect of lowering the turbine inlet temperature and thus the total system value. On the inlet side, leakage dilutes the heat added to the air (which is preheated) and reduces the expected fuel savings. Assessment of such effects and determination of potential solutions and/or improvements in these areas is …
Date: January 19, 1981
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Initial operation and performance of the PDX neutral-beam injection system (open access)

Initial operation and performance of the PDX neutral-beam injection system

In 1981, the joint ORNL/PPPL PDX neutral beam heating project succeeded in reliably injecting 7.2 MW of D/sup 0/ into the PDX plasma, at nearly perpendicular angles, and achieved ion temperatures up to 6.5 keV. The expeditious achievement of this result was due to the thorough conditioning and qualification of the PDX neutral beam ion sources at ORNL prior to delivery coupled with several field design changes and improvements in the injection system made at PPPL as a result of neutral beam operating experience with the PLT tokamak. It has been found that the operation of high power neutral beam injection systems in a tokamak-neutral beam environment requires procedures and performance different from those required for development operation on test stands. In this paper, we review the installatin of the PDX neutral beam injection system, and its operation and performance during the initial high power plasma heating experiments with the PDX tokamak.
Date: January 19, 1982
Creator: Kugel, H. W.; Eubank, H. P.; Kozub, T. A.; Rossmassler, J. E.; Schilling, G.; van Halle, A. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library