The novel compounds 1-/sup 11/C-D-glucose, 1-/sup 11/C-D-mannose, 1-/sup 11/C-D-galactose, 2-/sup 11/C-D-glucose, 2-/sup 11/C-D-mannose and 2-/sup 11/C-D-galactose which can be used in nuclear medicine to monitor the metabolism of glucose and galactose can be rapidly prepared by reaction of the appropriate aldose substrate with an alkali metal /sup 11/C-labeled cyanide followed by reduction with a Raney alloy in formic acid.

A high efficiency, free electron laser is described utilizing a circular relativistic electron beam accelerator and a circular whispering mode optical waveguide for guiding optical energy in a circular path in the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator such that the circular relativistic electron beam and the optical energy are spatially contiguous in a resonant condition for free electron laser operation. Both a betatron and synchrotron are disclosed for use in the present invention. A free electron laser wiggler is disposed around the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator for generating a periodic magnetic field to transform energy from the circular relativistic electron beam to optical energy.

A method for doping semiconductor material and the semiconductor produced by the method are described. An interface is established between a solid electrolyte and a semiconductor to be doped. The electrolyte is chosen to be an ionic conductor of the selected impurity and the semiconductor material and electrolyte are jointly chosen so that any compound formed from the impurity and the semiconductor will have a free energy no lower than the electrolyte. A potential is then established across the interface so as to allow the impurity ions to diffuse into the semiconductor. In one embodiment the semiconductor and electrolyte may be heated so as to increase the diffusion coefficient.

Apparatus for forming and utilizing a sequence of electron beam segments, each of the same temporal length (substantially 15 nsec), with consecutive beams being separated by a constant time interval of the order of 3 nsec is described. The beam sequence is used for simultaneous inputs to a plurality of wiggler magnet systems that also accept the laser beams to be amplified by interaction with the co-propagating electron beams. The electron beams are arranged substantially in a circle to allow proper distribution of and simultaneous switching out of the beam segments to their respective wiggler magnets.

A method for laser beam amplification by means of free electron laser techniques is described. With wiggler magnetic field strength B/sub w/ and wavelength lambda/sub w/ = 2..pi../k/sub w/ regarded as variable parameters, the method(s) impose conditions such as substantial constancy of B/sub w//k/sub w/ or k/sub w/ or B/sub w/ and k/sub w/ (alternating), coupled with a choice of either constant resonant phase angle or programmed phase space bucket area.

A method for real-time elemental analysis using laser-induced breakdown of the material under investigation and spectroscopic analysis of the light emitted from the plasma consequently formed is described. By delaying the observation of the emitted radiation, the unwanted background continuum and line spectra from excited ionic species can be rendered unimportant relative to the excited atomic line spectra, thereby producing sharp, well-defined characteristic identifying atomic spectral features. These features provide the indicia for detailed elemental analyses of substances. The method is quite general in that it applies to gases, surfaces, and particulates entrained in gases. It requires no electrodes and can excite atomic species like fluorine and chlorine which are difficult to observe by more conventional analytical procedures.

A method for simultaneous amplification of laser beams with a sequence of freqeuncies in a single pass, using a relativistic beam of electrons grouped in a sequence of energies corresponding to the sequence of laser beam frequencies is described. The method allows electrons to pass from one potential well or bucket to another adjacent bucket, thus increasing efficiency of trapping and energy conversion.

Method and apparatus for amplification of a laser pulse in a free-electron-laser amplifier where the laser pulse duration may be a small fraction of the electron-beam-pulse duration used for amplification. An electron-beam pulse is passed through a first wiggler magnet and a short laser pulse to be amplified is passed through the same wiggler so that only the energy of the last fraction, f, (f < 1) of the electron-beam pulse is consumed in amplifying the laser pulse. After suitable delay of the electron beam, the process is repeated in a second wiggler magnet, a third, ..., where substantially the same fraction f of the remainder of the electron-beam pulse is consumed in amplification of the given short laser pulse in each wiggler magnet region until the useful electron-beam energy is substantially completely consumed by amplification of the laser pulse.

Patent for an "iceless cooler" (line 13) with key features such as low manufacturing cost, easy assembly, and the capability to be collapsed for compact storage when not in use, including illustrations.

Patent for a more accurate continuous weighing automatic scale of such bulk materials as grain, cotton seed, etc. with a mechanism for automatical control of both a main and an auxiliary receiver door.

Patent "is to provide a construction whereby the shafts and cross beam which connect the same may be held against relative movement" (lines 10-13).

Patent for a drive wheel for traction engines which has retractable wheel lugs. The wheel lugs used for traction on dirt roads can be "pivoted so that they may be withdrawn when not needed," such as when traveling on pavement.

Patent for an envelope that employs a lock and seal mechanism to increase security of contents. The envelope cannot be opened without tampering or mutilating the envelope.

Patent for a hydraulic swivel to be used with rotary well drilling machines which will carry water to the drill head through a supply line and maintain that supply line in a given position during drilling operation.

Patent for a putty trowel which will lay a line of putty and trowel it into place to secure glass in a window sash.

Patent for self locking rail chair. This chair can be easily added to older rail lines for passengers' comfort.

Patent for "a shipping unit or carrier for the transportation of merchandise as freight, express, or baggage" (lines 8-10).

Patent for a cotton gin which removes lint with air pressure. Illustrations included.

Patent for a cotton gin which uses air blasts to clear cotton from the saws of the gin. Illustrations included.

Patent for an oil distillate to desulfurize petroleum found in Lima, Ohio. Illustrations included.

Patent for an apparatus designed to exterminate boll weevils by distributing liquid insecticide along rows of plants. Illustrations included.

Patent for a drip cup for gas water heaters. Illustrations included.

Patent for a hay press that is built with a large capacity and operates with little friction. Illustrations included.

Patent for a mailing cabinet which can be adapted to vehicles or to the floor for assorting mail. Illustrations included.