This article discusses document indexing using named entities.

This article discusses the effects of Cs deposition on the field-emission properties of single-walled carbon-nanotube bundles.

Article on canopy gaps and understory light spectrum in a Venezuelan Andean cloud forest.

An article written by Elizabeth Becker for the New York Times about the acknowledgement of the Republican Unity Coalition and inclusion of gay and lesbian people in ceremonies. The piece also speaks about the opinions of the new president George W. Bush and vice president Dick Cheney.

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Using 3D test particle simulations, the characteristics and essential conditions under which an electron, in a vacuum laser beam, can undergo a capture and acceleration scenario (CAS). When a{sub 0} {approx}> 100 the electron can be captured and violently accelerated to energies {approx}> 1 GeV, with an acceleration gradient {approx}> 10 GeV/cm, where a{sub 0} = eE{sub 0}/m{sub e}{omega}c is the normalized laser field amplitude. The physical mechanism behind the CAS is that diffraction of the focused laser beam leads to a slowing down of the effective wave phase velocity along the captured electron trajectory, such that the electron can be trapped in the acceleration phase of the wave for a longer time and thus gain significant energy from the field.

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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is a U.S. Department of Energy Facility [1] conducting Nuclear Physics experiments that currently have data collection rates of up to 20 MB / second. Future experiments, however, are expected to greatly exceed these rates. Post processing and data analysis produce similar amounts of data. Both the raw and processed data are stored on tape and need to be easily accessible. Between data collection and processing, the Mass Storage System at Jefferson Lab currently moves over 2 TB of data per day.

The structural integrity of oxide/metal interfaces is important in many applications.

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The US Department of Energy (US DOE), under the US government's International Nuclear Safety Program (INSP), is implementing a program of developing and providing simulators for many of the Russian and Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) manage and provide technical oversight of the various INSP simulator projects for DOE. The program also includes a simulator technology transfer process to simulator design organizations in Russia and Ukraine. Training programs, installation of new simulators, and enhancements in existing simulators, are viewed as providing a relatively fast and cost-effective technology transfer that will result in measurable improvement in the safety culture and operation of NPPs. A review of this program, its present status, and its accomplishments are provided in this paper.

The Plutonium Immobilization Project (PIP) is a program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop technology for dispositioning excess weapons grade plutonium. This program introduces the ''Can-in-Canister'' (CIC) technology that immobilizes the plutonium by encapsulating it in ceramic forms (or pucks) and ultimately surrounding it with high-level waste glass to provide a deterrent to recovery. A cold (non-radioactive) test program was conducted to develop and verify the baseline design for the canister and internal hardware. Tests were conducted in two phases. Phase 1 Cold Pour Tests, conducted in 1999, were scoping tests. This paper describes the Phase 2 tests conducted in 2000 which verified the adequacy of the baseline CIC design and assured that the system would meet repository quality assurance requirements.

The Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm is the oldest and best-known Krylov subspace method used to solve sparse linear systems. Most of the coating-point operations within each CG iteration is spent performing sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SPMV). We examine how various ordering and partitioning strategies affect the performance of CG and SPMV when different programming paradigms are used on current commercial cache-based computers. However, a multithreaded implementation on the cacheless Cray MTA demonstrates high efficiency and scalability without any special ordering or partitioning.

Decommissioning activities at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) are expected to generate approximately 251,000 cubic meters of low-level radioactive waste. Almost half of this will be characterized and shipped as the Department of Transportation ''Surface Contaminated Object'' (SCO) shipping class. In the 2 years since an SCO characterization method was implemented, almost 11,000 of the 18,000 cubic meters of low-level waste were SCO. RFETS experience to-date using an SCO waste characterization method has shown significant time and cost savings, reduced errors, and enhanced employee safety. SCO waste is characterized prior to packaging, near the point of generation, by any of the site's 300 Radiological Control Technicians using inexpensive radiological control survey instruments. This reduces on-site waste container moves and eliminates radiometric analysis at centrally located drum or crate counters. Containers too large for crate counters can also be characterized. Current instrumentation is not adequate to take full advantage of the SCO regulations. Future improvements in the SCO characterization and shipping process are focused on use of larger and/or reusable containers, extended-range instruments, and additional statistical methods, so that the full extent of the SCO regulations can be used.

The design of target/blanket system components for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) plant is dependent on the development of materials properties data specified by the designer. These data are needed to verify that component designs are adequate. The adequacy of the data will be related to safety, performance, and economic considerations, and to other requirements that may be deemed necessary by customers and regulatory bodies. The data required may already be in existence, as in the open technical literature, or may need to be generated, as is often the case for the design of new systems operating under relatively unique conditions. The designers' starting point for design data needs is generally some form of design criteria used in conjunction with a specified set of loading conditions and associated performance requirements. Most criteria are aimed at verifying the structural adequacy of the component, and often take the form of national or international standards such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME B and PV Code) or the French Nuclear Structural Requirements (RCC-MR). Whether or not there are specific design data needs associated with the use of these design criteria will largely depend on the uniqueness of the conditions …

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Terahertz (THz) radiation is generated by exciting an un-doped InAs wafer with a femtosecond free-electron laser (FEL) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. A microwatt level of THz radiation is detected from the unbiased InAs emitter when it is excited with the femtosecond FEL pulses operated at a wavelength of 1.06 {mu}-m and 10 W average power.

A biobarrier system has been developed for use in remediating shallow alluvial groundwater. This barrier is made from highly porous materials that are relatively long-lasting, carbon-based (to supply a limiting nutrient in nitrate destruction, in most cases), extremely inexpensive, and easy to replace. In a series of laboratory studies, we have determined the effectiveness of this barrier at destroying nitrate and perchlorate in groundwater from Mortandad Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This groundwater was obtained from a monitoring well, MCO-5, which is located in the flowpath of the discharge waters from the LANL Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility (RLWTF). Water with elevated nitrate levels was discharged from this plant for many years. Recently, the nitrate levels have been brought under the discharge limits. However, the historical discharge has resulted in a nitrate plume in the alluvial groundwater in this canyon. The LANL Multi-Barrier project was initiated in 1999 to develop a system of barriers that would prevent the transport of radionuclides, metals, colloids and other contaminants, including nitrate and perchlorate, further down the canyon in order to protect populations down-gradient. The biobarrier will be part of this Multi-Barrier system. We have demonstrated the destruction of nitrate at levels …

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Ion implantation has become a versatile and powerful technique for synthesizing nanometer-scale clusters and crystals embedded in the near-surface region of a variety of hosts. The resulting nanocomposite materials often show unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Here they review some of the principal features of this nanophase materials synthesis technique and discuss the outstanding experimental difficulties that currently hamper the development of devices based on the many unique properties of these nanocomposite materials. Possible solutions to these problems and future research directions are discussed. The following is a summary paper that is partially based on a recent invited article by the above authors to appear Advanced Materials.

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The authors are conducting laboratory studies to determine: (i) the thermophysical properties and phase relations of CO{sub 2}CH{sub 4}-H{sub 2}O fluids; (ii) the magnitude of stable isotope partitioning during calcite precipitation; and (iii) the utility of natural isotopic tracers in quantifying CO{sub 2} residence times, storage capacity and reaction mechanisms in the subsurface. The ultimate aim of the research on CO{sub 2}-CH{sub 4}H{sub 2}O fluids is to develop a comprehensive equation of state for binary and ternary mixtures of CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4} and H{sub 2}O at pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions representative of those in deep gas fields and saline aquifers. To acquire the data needed to create the model, two unique, custom-designed devices at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory--a high pressure vibrating-tube densimeter, and a hydrogen-service internally heated pressure vessel--are being used to measure the densities, excess molar volumes, miscibility limits and activity-composition relations of CO{sub 2}H{sub 2}O, CH{sub 4}-H{sub 2}O and ternary CO{sub 2}-CH{sub 4}-H{sub 2}O mixtures at P-T conditions near the vapor-saturation phase boundary in the H{sub 2}O system. In another project, experiments are being conducted to determine the kinetics of carbonate precipitation from CO{sub 2}-rich saline waters, and associated isotope partitioning. Both inorganic and microbially mediated processes …