This report presents preliminary spectrometer results from the E-802 experiment at the Tandem-AGS accelerator complex at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data presented were taken in late April of 1987 using a 14.5 GeV/c per nucleon /sup 28/Si beam from the AGS. Data were obtained for a variety of targets and spectrometer settings, but we present here the analysis of data for one target-angle combination: a Au target wth the spectrometer spanning 14/sup 0/ to 28/sup 0/ in the lab. At this energy the laboratory mid-rapidity angle in N-N collisions is approx. = 21/sup 0/. A higher K/sup +//..pi../sup +/ ratio than K/sup -//..pi../sup -/ ratio is observed. The primary goal for the E-802 experiment is to measure inclusive particle spectra with good particle identification (PID) over a wide range of rapidity and transverse momentum, and to correlate these spectra with observables that characterize the vent topology such as total charged particle multiplicity and neutral transverse energy. The acceptance of the spectrometer is large enough to span roughly one unit of rapidity in a single setting and is adequate for studies of particle-particle correlations. The spectrometer is also sufficiently compact (6.5 m in length) to allow a reasonable fraction of low …

Recorded process data from the ''Minirun'' campaigns conducted at the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant (BNFP) in Barnwell, South Carolina during 1980 to 1981 have been utilized to study the suitability of computer-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods for process monitoring for safeguards purposes. The techniques of knowledge engineering were used to formulate the decision-making software which operates on the process data customarily used for process operations. The OPS5 AI language was used to construct an Expert System for this purpose. Such systems are able to form reasoned conclusions from incomplete, inaccurate or otherwise ''fuzzy'' data, and to explain the reasoning that led to them. The programs were tested using minirun data taken during simulated diversions ranging in size from 1 to 20 L of solution that had been monitored previously using conventional procedural techniques. 13 refs., 3 figs.

Investigation of the fragmentation mechanism requires the measurement of complicated observables. To identify what part of the reacting system gives rise to the fragments, it would be useful to tag them as participants or spectators. A large acceptance for all the reaction products and an event-by-event measurement of the fragment multiplicity is required to distinguish fragment formation via sequential emission from a large equilibrated system and multifragmentation. In order to address whether fragments are formed early or late in the collision, information about the dynamical evolution of the reaction is necessary. This can be provided by study of the global properties of the events. This paper discusses experimental techniques applicable to studying fragmentation processes. 25 refs., 8 figs.

Recent success in high efficiency and high energy laser extraction of tunable radiation in the blue-green C-A transition of XeF under intense, short-pulse electron beam excitation has renewed interest in the possibility of similar performance in avalanche discharges. We present preliminary results of discharge excited fluorescence studies in a variety of devices having different degrees of energy loading.

A computer program, PHOTON, has been developed to calculate radiation levels associated with a general synchrotron beamline arrangement. PHOTON calculates the transmitted an scattered spectra as the synchrotron beam passes through sequential filters. The Compton component of this scattered radiation can then be passed through a series of materials composing a shielding wall. This radiation can then be used to calculate a dose in a medium outside of the shielding wall. Program input is such that the sequence of operations is easily followed and modified for any beamline configuration. Measurements have been performed by Elke Braueer on existing NSLS beamlines in various geometries. Good agreement between calculated and measured dose values was found in all cases. This agreement implies that results obtained for shielding of sources containing a wide range of energies, such as that of the NSLS High Field Supercodnucting Wiggler are correct.

Experimental methods have been developed to measure droplet size characteristics and energy inputs associated with the rupture of aqueous droplets by high-intensity-pulsed electric fields. The combination of in situ microscope optics and high-speed video cameras allows reliable observation of liquid droplets down to 0.5 ..mu..m in size. Videotapes of electric-field-created emulsions reveal that average droplet sizes of less than 5 ..mu..m are easily obtained in such systems. Analysis of the energy inputs into the fluids indicates that the electric field method requires less than 1% of the energy required from mechanical agitation to create comparable droplet sizes. 11 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

The International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (IFSMTF) uses six pairs of vapor-cooled leads (VCLs) to introduce electric power to six test coils. Each VCL is housed in a dewar outside the 11-m vacuum vessel and is connected to the coal via a superconducting bus duct;the various VCLs are rated at 12 to 20 kA. Heat loss through the leads constitutes the single largest source of heat load to the cryogenic system. Concerns about voltage breakdown if a coil quenches have led to precautionary measures such as installation of a N/sub 2/-purged box near the top of the lead and shingles to collect water that condenses on the power buses. A few joints between power buses and VCLs were found to be inadequate during preliminary single-coil tests. This series of tests also pointed to the need for automatic control of helium flow through the leads. This was achieved by using the resistance measurements of the leads to control flow valves automatically. By the time full-array tests were started, a working scheme had developed that required little attention to the leads and that had little impact on the refrigerator between zero and full current to the coils. The operating loss of …

Tracer diffusion of /sup 60/Co and /sup 63/Ni in equiatomic amorphous NiZr alloy in the temperature range between 486 and 641/sup 0/K can be described by: D/sub Co/sup */ = 3.7 x 10/sup -7/ exp(-(135 +- 14) kJ mole/sup -1//RT) m/sup 2//sec and D/sub Ni//sup */ = 1.7 x 10/sup -7/ exp(-(140 +- 9) kJ mole/sup -1//RT) m/sup 2//sec. The values of D/sub Ni//sup */ are in reasonable agreement with those measured by the Rutherford backscattering technique. The measured diffusivities were independent of time, indicating that no relaxation took place during diffusion. 27 refs., 2 tabs.

This paper will present the results of an investigation of the distribution of essential elements in the normal hepatic lobule. the liver is the organ responsible for metabolism and storage of most trace elements. Although parenchymal hepatocytes are rather uniform histologically, morphometry, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and microdissection with microchemical investigations have revealed marked heterogeneity on a functional and biochemical level. Hepatocytes from the periportal and perivenous zones of the liver parrenchyma differ in oxidative energy metabolism, glucose uptake and output, unreagenesis, biotransformation, bile acid secretion, and palsma protein synthesis and secretion. Although trace elements are intimately involved in the regulation and maintenance of these functions, little is known regarding the heterogeneity of trace element localization of the liver parenchyma. Histochemical techniques for trace elements generally give high spatial resolution, but lack specificity and stoichiometry. Microdissection has been of marginal usefulness for trace element analyses due to the very small size of the dissected parenchyma. The characteristics of the high-energy x-ray microscope provide an effective approach for elucidating the trace element content of these small biological structures or regions. 5 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

The PRISM and SAFR designs, as currently proposed by DOE, are designed for ''inherent'', as opposed to ''engineered'', safety. Brookhaven National Laboratory is supporting the initial NRC review of these advanced LMR concepts. A loss-of-flow (LOF) accident coupled with a failure of the reactor shutdown system is one of the major safety concerns in the advanced liquid metal reactor (LMR) evaluation effort. The analysis discussed here covers: (1) primary pipe break without pump trip, (2) primary coolant pump seizure, and (3) primary coolant pump coastdown. The analytical modelling and the calculated thermal and hydraulic behavior are described in detail.

The physics of simple colloidal systems is usually dominated by three independent length scales: the particle size, the average interparticle distance, and the range of the interparticle potential. The dispersed particles typically have characteristic dimensions in the range 5 to 100 nm, often with spherical or cylindrical symmetry. Dispersion densities vary over volume fractions ranging from 0.5 to 10/sup -4/, with the corresponding mean interparticle distances ranging from about 1 to 10 diameters (in spherical systems). The interaction potential may be very short ranged (hard sphere), very long ranged (Coulomb or dipolar), or anywhere in between (screened Coulomb), and the correlations exhibited in the dispersion may be gas-like, liquid-like or crystalline, depending on the range of the potential relative to the interparticle distance. This rich phase behavior is responsible for the remarkable importance of colloidal studies in many areas of condensed matter physics and biophysics, but it poses often intractable problems in developing the statistical mechanical descriptions necessary for an understanding of scattering data from colloids. This paper will review the considerable recent progress in this field, in the context of SANS experiments on colloids in which the potentials are dominated by either screened Coulomb or magnetic dipolar interactions; in …

A conference sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) was held on Waste Mangement. Topics discussed were waste stabilization technologies regulations and standards, innovative treatment technology, waste stabilization projects. Individual projects are processed separately for the data bases. (CBS)

This paper discusses the experimental arrangement and detection system being used to study the neutral transverse momentum spectra of 200 GeV oxygen 16 reactions with carbon, copper and gold targets. Some preliminary results are given. 12 refs., 3 figs.

In this work we have investigated the performance of an antibody-based fiberoptics sensor for the detection of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene and its DNA-adduct product BP-tetrol. The excellent sensitivity of this device - femtomole limits of detection for BP - illustrates that it has considerable potential to perform analyses of chemical and biological samples at trace levels in complex matrices. The results indicate that fiberoptics-based fluoroimmunosensors can be useful in a wide spectrum of biochemical and clinical analyses. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

A free-electron laser user facility for scientific experimentation in the extreme ultraviolet is being developed at Los Alamos. A series of laser oscillators and amplifiers, driven by a single, rf linear accelerator, will generate broadly tunable, picosecond-pulse, coherent radiation from 1 nm to 400 nm. The design and output parameters of this facility are described, comparison with synchrotron radiation sources is made, and recent progress in developing the three primary components (electron beam, undulator, and resonator mirrors) is reviewed, and various categories of scientific applications are indicated.

For four decades the US Department of Energy and its predecessors have been the lead federal agency in supporting radiation biology research. Over the years emphasis in this program has gradually shifted from dose-effect studies on animals to research on the effects of radiations of various qualities on cells and molecules. Mechanistic studies on the action of radiation at the subcellular level are few in number and there is a need for more research in this area if we are to gain a better understanding of how radiation affects living cells. The intent of this workshop was to bring together DOE contractors and grantees who are investigating the effects of radiation at the cellular and molecular levels. The aims were to foster the exchange of information on research projects and experimental results, promote collaborative research efforts, and obtain an overview of research currently supported by the Health Effects Research Division of the Office of Health and Environmental Research. The latter is needed by the Office for program planning purposes. This report on the workshop which took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico on March 10-11, 1987, includes an overview with future research recommendations, extended abstracts of the plenary presentations, shorter abstracts …

Although C/sub 3//sup +/ is considered to be the fundamental building block of the larger carbon clusters, the geometry of this molecule is unknown. Several authors have reported results of ab initio calculations in which the optimized geometry of the ion is deduced, assuming a linear configuration, in agreement with the structure of the neutral C/sub 3/ molecule. We report here the results of a series of measurements exploiting the Coulomb Explosion Method (CEM) to study the geometric structure of the C/sub 3//sup +/ ion. Our results indicate a cyclic structure for this ion. For comparison, measurements were also made of the carbon geometries of small hydrocarbon cations of the form C/sub 3/H/sub n//sup +/ (n = 1-4). Ring structures, of varying rigidities, are observed for all of these except C/sub 3/H/sub 4//sup +/ which exhibits a linear geometry. We also present results for doubly-charged species. 21 refs., 2 figs.

The wavelength of the fine structure transition 1s2s /sup 3/S/sub 1/ - 1s2p /sup 3/P/sub 2/ in Ni XXVII has been measured using fast-ion spectroscopy. The transition energy is sensitive to relativistic and Lamb shift corrections in this high-Z two-electron system. Comparison is made with measurements in other high-Z ions and with recent theoretical calculations. A preliminary measurement of the 1s/sup 2/2s /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/ - 1s/sup 2/2p /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ find structure transition in Ni XXVI is also reported. 18 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is active in the development of high energy data bases for space applications. Validated data and methods of interaction analysis are needed to explain and predict radiation patterns. The NNDC uses methods consisting of nuclear systematics and nuclear model codes to provide neutron and proton induced reaction data from 1 MeV and 1 GeV. The data can placed in convenient form for use by radiation transport codes. In addition to cross-sections, nuclear structure and radioactive decay data are also stored in data bases. Data are distributed by the NNDC in a variety of ways including on-line access through computer networks or telephone lines. 7 refs., 7 figs.

The application of synchrotron radiation to an x-ray microprobe for trace element analysis is a complementary and natural extension of existing microprobe techniques using electrons, protons, and heavier ions as excitation sources for x-ray fluorescence. The ability to focus charged particles leads to electron microprobes with spatial resolutions in the sub-micrometer range and down to 100 ppM detection limits and proton microprobes with micrometer resolution and ppM detection limits. The characteristics of synchrotron radiation that prove useful for microprobe analysis include a broad and continuous energy spectrum, a relatively small amount of radiation damage compared to that deposited by charged particles, a highly polarized source which reduces background scattered radiation in an appropriate counting geometry, and a small vertical divergence angle of approx.0.2 mrad which allows for focussing of the light beam into a small spot with high flux. The features of a dedicated x-ray microprobe beam line developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) are described. 4 refs., 3 figs.

The data acquisition system assembled to study magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity on the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX-B) tokamak at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is being revised for use on the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF). The new hardware and software architectures are based on ISX-B experience and will feature different modes of operation for storing various subsets of available data, a user interface that requires less routine activity than the earlier system, and continued support of calibration and testing measurement used on ISX-B. The new hardware organization and software components are described in detail. 2 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Finite dimensionality is shown to exist in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation periodic on the interval (0,1). A cone condition is derived and explained which gives upper bounds on the number of Fourier modes required to span the universal attractor and hence upper bounds on the attractor dimension itself. In terms of the parameter R these bounds are not large. For instance, when vertical bar ..mu.. vertical bar less than or equal to ..sqrt..3, the Fourier spanning dimension is 0(R/sup 3/2/). Lower bounds are estimated from the number of unstable side-bands using ideas from work on the Eckhaus instability. Upper bounds on the dimension of the attractor itself are obtained by bounding (or, for vertical bar ..mu.. vertical bar less than or equal to ..sqrt..3, computing exactly) the Lyapunov dimension and invoking a recent theorem of Constantin and Foias, which asserts that the Lyapunov dimension, defined by the Kaplan-Yorke formula, is an upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension. 39 refs., 7 figs.

We have now seen the first results from experiments with high energy nuclear beams at Brookhaven and CERN. These experiments, which began about a year ago, use fixed targets at the AGS and SPS. These programs have begun with relatively light ions (A less than or equal to 32 amu) to explore states of compressed nuclear matter in which high energy density is achieved in an environment of high baryon density at energies near the maximum for nuclear stopping. The widespread interest and excitement which these experiments have generated is due in large part to the fact that they are providing the first glimpse of what is expected to be an entire new regime of physical phenomena, and that these experiments will be followed in the near future by measurements with much higher beam masses and much higher collision energies. This is the mission of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) project now being prepared for construction at Brookhaven. In this presentation the author briefly describes the experiments which are now being carried out with ions accelerated in the AGS and the plans for heavier beams in the near future with the completion of the AGS Booster Synchrotron, which is …

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Solar Dynamic Power System (SDPS) is one of the candidates for Space Station prime power application. In the low earth orbit of the Space Station approximately 34 minutes of the 94-minute orbital period is spent in eclipse with no solar energy input to the power system. For this period the SDPS will use thermal energy storage (TES) material to provide a constant power output. Sundstrand Corporation is developing a ORC-SDPS candidate for the Space Station that uses toluene as the organic fluid and LiOH as the TES material. An integrated heat-pipe thermal storage receiver system is being developed as part of the ORC-SDPS solar receiver. This system incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain the TES canisters within the potassium vapor space with the toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe in the ORC-SDPS receiver cavity. The heat pipe transforms the non-uniform solar flux incident in the heat pipe surface within the receiver cavity to an essentially uniform flux at the …