Recent progress in the theoretical study of alignment and orientation in atom-atom and ion-atom collisions at intermediate energies is reviewed. Recent systematic studies of the alignment and orientation of electronic charge cloud distributions of excited states resulting from such collisions clearly have provided more detailed information about the underlying collision dynamics. However, since accurate determination of these parameters is quite difficult, both theoretically and experimentally, a close collaboration between theory and experiment is necessary for a deeper understanding of the collision dynamics. A more complete approach, where the full density matrix is determined, is also discussed.

We consider a single-pass free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier, driven by an rf-linac followed by a damping ring for reduced emittance, for use in generating coherent light in the soft x-ray region. The dependence of the optical gain on electron-beam quality, studied with the three-dimensional FEL simulation code FELEX, is given and related to the expected power of self-amplified spontaneous emission. We discuss issues for the damping ring designed to achieve the required electron beam quality. The idea of a multipass regenerative amplifier is also presented. 6 refs., 3 tabs.

Plutonium and americium can be recovered from aqueous waste solutions containing a mixture of HCl and chloride salt wastes by the coupling of two solvent extraction systems: tributyl phosphate (TBP) in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in TCE. In the flowsheet developed, the salt wastes are dissolved in HCl, the Pu(III) is oxidized to the IV state with NaClO/sub 2/ and recovered in the TBP-TCE cycle, and the Am is then removed from the resultant raffinate by the CMPO-TCE cycle. The consequences of the feed solution composition and extraction behavior of these species on the process flowsheet design, the Pu-product purity, and the decontamination of the aqueous raffinate from transuranic elements are discussed. 16 refs., 6 figs.

Transverse energy (E/sub t/) distributions and P/sub t/ spectra of negative particles and photons measured by the HELIOS experiment in 200 GeVN and 60 GeVN oxygen-nucleus reactions are presented. The E/sub t/ distributions are compared to a geometrical parametrization and a Montereverse arrowCarlo calculation, particle spectra to the proton-nucleus reaction case. The comparisons show that yet the results can be understood without assuming quark-gluon plasma formation. A discussion is made based on these comparisons together with an estimate of the energy density of the reaction, attempting to know how close we are to the detection of a phase transition of nuclear matter. 21 refs., 15 figs.

This paper briefly discusses the pressure-volume properties of condensed neon. X-ray diffraction techniques are used to determine solid neon equation of state and crystal structure. 16 refs., 2 figs. (LSP)

The nuclides and the heavy-nuclei ''tracks'' made by the interactions of solar and galactic cosmic-ray particles with meteorites, lunar samples, and the Earth have been extensively studied, simulated, and modelled. Most research involves the use of these cosmogenic products to study the history of the ''targets'' or of the cosmic rays. However, much work has also been done in understanding these interactions and in predicting their rates as a function of the target's size and shape and of the location inside the target. These studies apply to any object exposed to cosmic rays. The fluxes as a function of depth for cosmic-ray primary and secondary particles vary greatly with particle energy and type. The variations of the fluxes of these cosmic rays in the past have been studied. Energetic solar particles are unpredictable and are the greatest potential radiation hazard in space. 11 refs., 1 fig.

/rho//perpendicular/ spectra of negative particles were measured for p/minus/W and /sup 16/O/minus/W collisions at 200 GeVupsilon in the rapidity range 0.9< y <1.9. Within the systematic errors of 20% the spectra are indentical in the range 0.05 </rho//perpendicular/<2.0 GeVc. The p/minus/W and /sup 16/O /minus/W spectra exhibit an exponential shape for /rho//perpendicular/>250 MeVc. This is consistent with previous p/minus/A data, but there is a significant excess above this exponential at lower /rho//perpendicular/. Photon spectra were measured using a conversion method. Their /rho//perpendicular/ distribution agrees in shape with the sum of known hadronic ..gamma..-sources.

The development of knowledge on the structure of hemopoiesis and its regulation can be divided into four broad areas: descriptive morphology, kinetics of cell proliferation, regulation of rates of cell proliferation through interaction of molecular regulators and their cell surface receptors, and clinical applications. 60 refs., 6 figs.

After the TMI (Three Mile Island) accident, there has been significant interest in analyzing and understanding the phenomena that may occur in a PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) accident which may lead to partial or total core meltdown and degradation. Natural convection is one of the important phenomena. In the present paper the results of two numerical simulations of (1) four-loop PWR and (2) three-loop PWR are presented. The simulations were performed with the COMMIX(2) computer code. Our analysis shows that in severe accident scenarios, natural convection phenomena does occur and that it helps to delay core degradation by transferring decay heat from the reactor core to other internal structures of the reactor system. The amount of heat transfer and delay in core degradation depends on the geometry and internal structures of the system and on the events of an accident.

Although background levels of atmospheric electric and geomagnetic field levels are extremely low, over the past several decades, human beings and other life forms on this planet have been subjected to a dramatically changing electromagnetic milieu. An exponential increase in exposure to electromagnetic fields has occurred, largely because of such technological advances as the growth of electrical power generation and transmission systems, the increased use of wireless communications, and the use of radar. In addition, electromagnetic field generating devices have proliferated in industrial plants, office buildings, homes, public transportation systems, and elsewhere. Although significant increases have occurred in electromagnetic field strenghths spanning all frequency ranges, this symposium addresses only the impact of these fields at static and extremely low frequencies (ELF), primarily 50 and 60 Hz. This volume contains the proceedings of the symposium entitled /open quotes/Interaction of biological systems with static and ELF electric and magnetic fields/close quotes/. The purpose of the symposium was to provide a forum for discussions of all aspects of research on the interaction of static and ELF electromagnetic fields with biological systems. These systems include simple biophysical models, cell and organ preparations, whole animals, and man. Dosimetry, exposure system design, and artifacts in ELF …

This paper reports the results of a study to determine the degrading effects of flowing dye solvents on the laser damage threshold of fused-silica windows at 308nm. Thresholds were measured at the SiO/sub 2/solvent interface in a test cell. Bare SiO/sub 2/ tested in air at 308nm (20ns) typically exhibits a threshold ranging from 4 to 10 Jcm/sup 2/; with the solvent cyclohexane in contact, a threshold as low as 0.3 Jcm/sup 2/ was measured. The damage data indicate that window lifetime (number of shots) is dependent of fluence at higher levels, and asymptotically approaches infinity at levels near threshold. Dielectric coatings were tested as possible damage-resistent barriers between the solvent and SiO/sub 2/; the results show some improvement in damage threshold. When cyclohexane is replaced with the solvent dioxane, thresholds measured for SiO/sub 2/ windows are within the range cited above for thresholds measured in air.

The most urgent public health problem today is to devise effective strategies to minimize the destruction caused by the AIDS epidemic. This complex problem will involve medical advances and new public health and education initiatives. Mathematical models based on the underlying transmission mechanisms of the AIDS virus can help the medical/scientific community understand and anticipate its spread in different populations and evaluate the potential effectiveness of different approaches for bringing the epidemic under control. Before we can use models to predict the future, we must carefully test them against the past spread of the infection and for sensitivity to parameter changes. The long and extremely variable incubation period and the low probability of transmitting the AIDS virus in a single contact imply that population structure and variations in infectivity both play an important role in its spread. This structure occurs because of differences between people in numbers of sexual partners and the use of intravenous drugs and because of the way in which people mix among age, ethnic, and social groups. We use a simplified approach to investigate the effects of variation in incubation periods and infectivity specific to the AIDS virus and we compare a model of random partner …

We look briefly at the requirements for particle identification for possible beauty experiments at the Tevatron, both in the fixed target and the collider mode. Techniques presently in use in high energy physics experiments, and under development, should make sensitive experiments feasible. However, in all cases the present state of the art must be advanced to meet the necessary requirements for segmentation andor rate capability. The most fundamentally difficult challenges appear to be the efficient tagging of soft electrons (for the collider experiment) and the need to handle interaction rates up to /approximately/ 10/sub 9/ HZ in the fixed target mode. In both cases we can find ''in principle'' demonstrations that the requirements can be met. We have considered only the most basic prooperties of detectors, however, and the real answers will come from careful studies of details. 20 refs., 10 figs.

A distributed data acquisition system has been designed to support experiments at the Argonne Neutral Particle Beam Accelerator. The system uses a host VAXstation II/GPX computer acting as an experimenter's station linked via Ethernet with multiple MicroVAX IIs and rtVAXs dedicated to acquiring data and controlling hardware at remote sites. This paper describes the hardware design of the system, the applications support software on the host and target computers, and the real-time performance.

We have presented preliminary WA80 data from interactions of /sup 16/O with C, Cu, and Au at 60 and 200 GeVnucleon. These have included total charged-particle multiplicity distributions and transverse energy distributions. Ranges of transverse momentum per particle and of possible energy densities were discussed. Some of the unique features of WA80 were stressed. These are: complete coverage of the target rapidity region, complete coverage of charged-particle multiplicity measurement, and measurement of intrinsic photons. WA80 was the only experiment with no magnetic analysis and the only large-scale experiment to obtain production data during the 1986 run which did not involve, primarily, the reconfiguration of an existing SPS experiment

Preliminary data on beam calorimetry, charged particle multiplicities, pseudo-rapidity distributions and hadron spectroscopy from /sup 28/Si + Al and Au at 14.5 GeV per nucleon are presented. Comments on nuclear stopping, multiplicity systematics, and K..pi.. ratios are offered. 5 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

In order to study the two-phase natural circulation and flow termination during a small break loss of coolant accident in LWR, simulation experiments have been performed using two different thermal-hydraulic loops. The main focus of the experiment was the two-phase flow behavior in the hot-leg U-bend typical of BandW LWR systems. The first group of experiments was carried out in the nitrogen gas-water adiabatic simulation loop and the second in the Freon 113 boiling and condensation loop. Both of the loops have been designed as a flow visualization facility and built according to the two-phase flow scaling criteria developed under this program. The nitrogen gas-water system has been used to isolate key hydrodynamic phenomena such as the phase distribution, relative velocity between phases, two-phase flow regimes and flow termination mechanisms, whereas the Freon loop has been used to study the effect of fluid properties, phase changes and coupling between hydrodynamic and heat transfer phenomena. Significantly different behaviors have been observed due to the non-equilibrium phase change phenomena such as the flashing and condensation in the Freon loop. The phenomena created much more unstable hydrodynamic conditions which lead to cyclic or oscillatory flow behaviors.

The purpose of this commentary is to present some background material on cyclotrons and other particle accelerators particularly with a view toward the considerations behind acquiring and installing such a machine for purely clinical and/or biomedical research use.

The design and operating characteristics of the VUV undulator installed on the NSLS VUV ring are presented. Specifically, the spectral output through three circular on-axis pinholes of different diameters has been measured. Near the minimum magnetic gap (40mm), the flux into a 0.25 mrad circular aperture at the peak of the fundamental (h..nu.. = 57 eV) is approx.1 /times/ 10/sup 14/ photonssec0.1A1%BW. We find good agreement in spectral shape between these measured spectra and spectra calculated by integrating the theoretical undulator emission spectrum over the relevant spatial variables and including electron beam emittance. We also show calculated zero-emittance and on-axis flux spectra for comparison. A description is given of the beam line and monochromator currently installed on this undulator for the purpose of performing spin-resolved photoemission.

Separate abstracts were prepared for 31 papers in these proceedings. (LEW)

This paper discusses the present status of the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) accelerator. Basic parameters of the facility are discussed. Detectors and experiments are reviewed briefly. 13 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

We have fabricated 280 ..mu..m thick fully depletable pn CCD's on high resistivity silicon ()rho) approx. 2.5 k..cap omega..cm). Its operation is based on the semiconductor drift chamber principle proposed by Gatti and Rheak. They are designed as energy and position sensitive radiation detector for (minimum) ionizing particles and X-ray imaging. Two dimensional semiconductor device modeling demonstrates the basic charge transer mechanisms. Prototypes of the detectors have been tested in static and dynamic conditions. A preliminary charge transfer inefficiency was determined to 6 x 10)sup)minus)3). The charge loss during the transfer is discussed and as a consequence we have developed an improved design for a second fabrication iteration which is now being produced. 4 refs., 15 figs.

The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) Data Management System (DMG) is a VAX-based software system that provides unified data access for ATF data acquisition and analysis. The system was designed with user accessibility, software maintainability, and extensibility as primary goals. This paper describes the layered architecture of the system design, the system implementation, use, and the data file structure. 3 refs., 1 fig.

We have now seen the first results from experiments with high energy nuclear beams at Brookhaven and CERN. These experiments, which began about a year ago, use fixed targets at the AGS and SPS. These programs have begun with relatively light ions (A less than or equal to 32 amu) to explore states of compressed nuclear matter in which high energy density is achieved in an environment of high baryon density at energies near the maximum for nuclear stopping. The widespread interest and excitement which these experiments have generated is due in large part to the fact that they are providing the first glimpse of what is expected to be an entire new regime of physical phenomena, and that these experiments will be followed in the near future by measurements with much higher beam masses and much higher collision energies. This is the mission of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) project now being prepared for construction at Brookhaven. The status of the RHIC project is discussed, including accelerator design, experiments and detectors.