From purpose and scope: This report provides basic information on the ground-water resources of Chester County, Pennsylvania, which is an area of about 760 square miles (1970 meters) in southeastern Pennsylvania. It discusses the availability and quality of the water in the water-bearing units in the county and the relation of the ground water to surface water.

This report presents the water-quality data of Raystown Lake, Pennsylvania, discussing its physical, biological, and chemical properties. This report also includes several tables and figures.

From abstract: Channel-routing models were used to route hypothetical releases from reservoirs in the upper Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania. These releases were routed northward down the Tioga River to Lindley, Erwins, and Corning, New York; combined with flows routed down the Cohocton River from Campbell to Corning, New York; and then routed southeastward down the Chemung River from Corning to Chemung, New York. The models used to route the flows of Cohocton and Chemung Rivers accounted for bank-storage discharge and streamflow depletion by well pumpage. In general, 17 years of concurrent streamflow data were available for model calibration and verification.

This report presents the findings of a four month study designed to determine "the bacterial quality of the water in the Tulpehocken Creek basin." It includes maps and tables.

This report examines the effects of a highway construction project on suspended-sediment loads, concluding that the construction caused sixteen-thousand tons of sediment to be discharged and produced fifty percent of the total sediment discharge. It contains tables and graphs.

From introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relative degree of pesticide contamination in four small drainage basins and to determine if pesticide residues were present in amounts that could be hazardous to humans or detrimental to aquatic life.

Abstract: The Raystown Branch Juniata River watershed, which is the main water source for Raystown Lake, is a 960-square-mile (2,490 square kilometers) drainage basin in south-central Pennsylvania. Preimpoundment water-quality data were collected on the Raystown Branch and six tributary streams in the basin. Specific conductance values varied inversely with water discharge. The pH values were extremely low only at the Shoup Run site. Dissolved oxygen concentrations observed at all sites indicated a relatively high oxygen saturation level throughout the year. Seasonal variations in nitrate-N and orthophosphate-P levels were measured at the main inflow station at Saxton, Pa. The highest concentrations of nitrate-N and orthophosphate-P occurred in the winter and spring months and the lowest concentrations were measured during the summer and fall. Bacteriological data indicated no excessive amounts of fecal matter present at the in-flows. Soil samples collected at four sites in the impoundment area were predominantly of the Barbour, Philo, and Basher series, which are considered to be highly fertile soils with silt-loam and sandy-loam textures. Morphological features of the lake basin and lo~ nutrient levels at the ·inflows should prevent excessive weed growth around the lake perimeter.

From introduction: This report is limited to the presentation and discussion of chemical, physical, and bacteriological data collected within Tulpehocken Creek basin before April 1975.

Abstract: The Tioga River and its major tributaries were sampled monthly from September 1973 to May 1975. Water quality in the Tioga River is degraded by acid-mine drainage entering the stream near Blossburg from both strip- and deep-mined areas. The stream supports few species of aquatic life from Blossburg to its confluence with Crooked Creek- Alkaline water of tributaries Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and the Cowanesque River counteract the acidity carried downstream from Blossburg, and ·the water-quality of the Tioga River gradually improves, supporting a more diversified population of fish and aquatic life. Relationships between selected water-quality parameters have been developed for the sampling stations throughout the basin. Downstream trends were also examined. The relationships will be further refined and implemented in predictive water-quality models as more data are collected.

Report and Geographical Survey. Includes and introduction, data collection, basin description, highway construction, suspended-sediment discharge, information on the flood of June 1972, and a summary with conclusions. Also includes several graphs and tables.

From introduction: The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of a new reservoir, Raystown Lake, on downstream low-flow frequency characteristics.

From abstract: An ARIMA (1, 0, 1) model is used to generate annual flow sequence at three sites in the Juniata River basin, Pennsylvania. The study was designed to analyze low-flow frequency characteristics of a basin. The model preserves the mean, variance, and cross-correlations of the observed station data.

Abstract: Eighty-five stream sites in and near the six-county Greater Pittsburgh Region were sampled in mid-June 1971 and again in mid-October 1972. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, organic carbon, or phosphorus were high enough to indicate potential problems at about a quarter of the sampling sites. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH values indicated a generally favorable capacity for recovery from degradation, although a number of streams east of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers are marginal or lacking. Regionally, sulfate is the dominant ion and was observed in concentrations of 40 milligrams per liter or more at 90 percent of the sites. Bicarbonate exceeded 100 milligrams per liter at 22 sites. A moderate to high degree of mineralization is indicated by conductance readings of more than 500 micromhos per centimeter at half of the sampling sites.

From abstract: The objective of this project was to assess the magnitudes and types of nonpoint discharges that affect the water quality of Pequea Creek. The project included the determination of (1) the total discharge of suspended sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the basin; (2) intermittent storm and base-flow discharges from six subbasin sites of varying size, geology, and land use; (3) the difference in magnitudes of the discharges during base-flow periods and storms; and (4) which variables most affect the transport of these constituents.

This report presents "a framework is presented for compiling available data for assessing statistical relationships between water quality and several factors of climate, physiography and land use" and includes several maps and graphs.

Abstract: This report presents procedures for estimating low-flow frequency characteristics for streams in the Susquehanna River basin. The techniques can be used at ungaged sites as well as sites where insufficient data are available to make a reliable estimate. Streams have been divided into two types major and minor. Major streams are the Susquehanna, West Branch Susquehanna, Juniata, and Chemung Rivers. Points on these streams with drainage areas of more than 2,000 square miles (5,180 kilometers) are included in this category. Points on these streams with drainage areas of less than 2,000 square miles fall into the minor stream category. Generally minor streams are herein defined as those draining less than 2,000 square miles (5,180 kilometers). Multiple-regression techniques have been used to develop relations for estimating the 1-, 3-, 7-, 30-, and 183-day duration low flows at recurrence intervals of 10, 20, 50 and 100 years for annual series data and the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 30-day duration low flows, at the same recurrence intervals, for six individual months, May through October, inclusive.

Samples of water, fish, and benthic macroinvertebrates collected at 10 sampling stations over a 10-month period indicate that Sacony Creek and its major tributaries possess water of good to excellent quality. No excessive quantities of dissolved nutrients, oxidizable matter, or fecal coliform bacteria were detected. Fish inhabitants include a sizable wild trout population in the upper Sacony basin and a diverse warm-water population, dominated by white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), in the lower basin. A population of 590 trout or 119 pounds per acre (133 kilograms per square hectometer) was estimated for good habitat in the upper basin. A maximum standing crop of 558 pounds per acre (626 kilograms per square hectometer) was measured at' one of the more productive reaches. Benthic macroinvertebrate collections tended to support the water chemistry and fish population studies. Diversity (d) and Redundancy (r) ranged from 2.44 to 3.46 and 0.14 to 0.38, respectively. Such diversity and redundancy values indicate good quality water at all stations.

Abstract: This report presents selected basic data collected during a study of the water resources of the Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins in northwestern Pennsylvania. Hydrologic information including data on aquifers, water levels, and yields is presented for 1,304 wells. Records for 51 springs are also given. The report contains 83 chemical analyses of water samples collected from 30 stream sites and 300 analyses of water from 196 wells and 43 springs. Also included are 103 trace-elements analyses. Monthly and annual means of ground-water levels for six observation wells are tabulated. Benthic invertebrate data from 136 stream sites are listed. Locations of data-collection sites are shown on 50 page-size reductions of 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps.

From introduction: The primary objective of this study, second in the series, is the development, calibration, and verification of flow-routing models for the Susquehanna River from Waverly, New York, to Sunbury, Pennsylvania. These models will permit SRBC to estimate the effects of water-resource developments upstream from Waverly at six locations on the Susquehanna River. They were also used to simulate for existing conditions at two ungaged sites.