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A Reading Room of Their Own: Library Services for African Americans in Oklahoma, 1907-1946 (open access)

A Reading Room of Their Own: Library Services for African Americans in Oklahoma, 1907-1946

Article discussing the struggles African American Oklahomans faced for access to public library services. The first forty years of statehood brought a few successes, and by mid-century only eleven communities provided a public library facility for the state's black citizens.
Date: Autumn 2006
Creator: Cassity, R. O. Joe, Jr.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Elizabeth Fulton Hester (open access)

Elizabeth Fulton Hester

Article chronicles the life of Elizabeth Fulton Hester, the oldest resident of Muskogee, Oklahoma when this article was created. Mrs. Hester was a teacher within Indian Territory and a nurse during the Civil War.
Date: Winter 1928
Creator: Bostic, E. McCurdy
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Intermarried-Whites in the Cherokee Nation Between the Years 1865 and 1887 (open access)

Intermarried-Whites in the Cherokee Nation Between the Years 1865 and 1887

Article outlines the interracial marriage laws present within the Cherokee Nation during the Reconstruction Era. Included is a list interracial marriages that were reported within the territory.
Date: Autumn 1928
Creator: Murchison, A. H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Military Discipline in Early Oklahoma (open access)

Military Discipline in Early Oklahoma

Article details the punishments soldiers received for "drunkenness" and "disorderly conduct" while stationed at military forts during the early 19th century.
Date: Summer 1928
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Centennial of Fort Gibson (open access)

The Centennial of Fort Gibson

Article details the historical conflicts surrounding Fort Gibson including its establishment and centennial celebration.
Date: Summer 1924
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Why Educate the Indians? (open access)

Why Educate the Indians?

Article is a speech from the Secretary of War regarding why Indigenous Americans should receive an education. This speech was given at the Commencement Exercises of Bacone College.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Hurley, Patrick J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Events Among the Muskogees During Sixty Years (open access)

Events Among the Muskogees During Sixty Years

Article narrates the events of the author's life his life during the sixty years he spent living within Indian Territory as they coincide with historical events.
Date: Spring 1932
Creator: Turner, C. W.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Report of Placing a Marker in the National Cemetery at Fort Gibson for Col. John Nicks, Veteran of the War of 1812 (open access)

Report of Placing a Marker in the National Cemetery at Fort Gibson for Col. John Nicks, Veteran of the War of 1812

Article chronicles the military career of Col. John Nicks, a veteran of the War of 1812.
Date: Winter 1932
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Gen. James M. Shackelford (open access)

Gen. James M. Shackelford

Article chronicles the military career of Judge James M. Shackleford who established the first United States Court within Indian Territory.
Date: Spring 1934
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Annual Meeting at Muskogee (open access)

Annual Meeting at Muskogee

Article announces the location of the next annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society and the tour of historical sites that will commence during the meeting.
Date: Spring 1934
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society (open access)

Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society

Article details the events that transpired at the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on April 18 and 19, 1934.
Date: Summer 1934
Creator: Estill-Harbour, Emma
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Alexander Lawrence Posey (open access)

Alexander Lawrence Posey

Article details the life and lineage of renowned Creek poet Alexander Lawrence Posey as he became a political and educational leader.
Date: Winter 1933
Creator: Challacombe, Doris
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Indian Territory in 1878 (open access)

The Indian Territory in 1878

Article is a speech made by Colonel William Penn Adair at the fifth annual Indian International Fair regarding the history and impact of the Five Civilized Tribes. Adair was a prominent figure within the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Autumn 1926
Creator: Adair, William Penn
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Editorials and Notes: Historic Fort Gibson (open access)

Editorials and Notes: Historic Fort Gibson

Article is a resolution made my the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society to dismantle Fort Gibson while establishing efforts to preserve the site's artifacts and records.
Date: Autumn 1933
Creator: Foreman, Grant
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Black, White, and Read: The Muskogee Daily Phoenix's Coverage of the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 (open access)

Black, White, and Read: The Muskogee Daily Phoenix's Coverage of the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905

Article provides a portrayal of the Sequoyah Statehood Convention, a gathering of the leaders of the "Five Civilized Tribes" in Oklahoma to propose the creation of a state separate from Oklahoma Territory, Sequoyah. Richard Mize's account relies on the newspaper coverage by the Muskogee Daily Phoenix, and highlights the voice and opinions of the paper's editor, Clarence B. Douglas.
Date: Summer 2004
Creator: Mize, Richard
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Jack C. Montgomery: A Little Big Man (open access)

Jack C. Montgomery: A Little Big Man

Article documents the life of Jack Montgomery and recalls his service with the Forty-fifth Infantry Division in World War II, where he received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the war.
Date: Winter 2004
Creator: Bean, Christopher B.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"She Has Surely Done Her Share": Miss Bessie Huff and the Muskogee Junior College (open access)

"She Has Surely Done Her Share": Miss Bessie Huff and the Muskogee Junior College

Article details the life and career of Bessie Huff, English and journalism instructor and dean at Muskogee Junior College, and pays tribute to her dedication to the people she taught and their education through stories told by former students.
Date: Winter 2001
Creator: Eversole, Dana
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Remembering an Exceptional Team: Jerome Tiger and Nettie Wheeler (open access)

Remembering an Exceptional Team: Jerome Tiger and Nettie Wheeler

This article, written by Peggy Tiger, recounts the unique relationship between her late husband, Creek artist Jerome Tiger, and art collector Nettie Wheeler.
Date: Autumn 2005
Creator: Tiger, Peggy
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Among the Indians: The Peace at Muscogee." (open access)

"Among the Indians: The Peace at Muscogee."

Transcription of an article regarding a meeting about territorial government for Native Americans and citizenship. The article also discusses each of the commissioners present at the meeting, speeches, and various events.
Date: unknown
Creator: unknown
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"With Great Difficulty and Labour": The Emigration of the McIntosh Party of Creek Indians, 1827-1828 (open access)

"With Great Difficulty and Labour": The Emigration of the McIntosh Party of Creek Indians, 1827-1828

Article outlines the travails of the first Creek emigrants to the trans-Mississippi region that is now Oklahoma, whose journey preceded the removal of the Creek Nation.
Date: Winter 2007
Creator: Haveman, Christopher D.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Antisuffragist. Antifeminist! Pro-women? The Anomalous Alice Mary Robertson (open access)

Antisuffragist. Antifeminist! Pro-women? The Anomalous Alice Mary Robertson

Article examining Oklahoma's first woman representative in the United States Congress, Alice Mary Robertson. In this article Robertson's attitudes toward suffrage, feminism, and women at home and in politics, are explored.
Date: Spring 2010
Creator: Caldwell, Deah
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2 (open access)

From Termination to Self-Determination: Indian Health in Oklahoma, 1954-1980, Part 2

The second part of this two-part article continues the evaluation of the problems in Indian healthcare and the campaign led by Senators Fred Harris and Dewey Bartlett to correct a record of neglect. The healthcare problem after 1970 was linked to a new federal policy of tribal self-determination.
Date: Spring 2008
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Simon Ralph "S.R." Walkingstick: A Cherokee Leader (open access)

Simon Ralph "S.R." Walkingstick: A Cherokee Leader

Article traces the life and genealogy of S. R. Walkingstick to show the ways in which one Cherokee family contributed to the tribal and state community.
Date: Summer 2018
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Reading Prestatehood Muskogee: Racial-Political Discourse in American Indian, African American, and White Newspapers, 1905-07 (open access)

Reading Prestatehood Muskogee: Racial-Political Discourse in American Indian, African American, and White Newspapers, 1905-07

Article discusses prestatehood Muskogee, Oklahoma and the establishment of four newspapers catering to different demographics of the racially diverse population, as well as the implications of the issues these papers debated.
Date: Autumn 2019
Creator: Person, Angela M.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History