Medal of Honor: History and Issues (open access)

Medal of Honor: History and Issues

This report describes the history of the Medal of Honor and the laws and regulations pertaining to the award. The report discusses the privileges/benefits available to the recipients are discussed. Finally, this report analyzes efforts to have the Medal of Honor awarded to certain individuals outside of the normal procedures.
Date: December 19, 2013
Creator: Burrelli, David F. & Torreon, Barbara Salazar
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Takings Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court: A Chronology (open access)

Takings Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court: A Chronology

This report is a reverse chronological listing of U.S. Supreme Court decisions addressing claims that a government entity has "taken" private property, as that term is used in the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Date: December 9, 2013
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Employees' Retirement System: Benefits and Financing (open access)

Federal Employees' Retirement System: Benefits and Financing

This report discusses the retirement systems in place for federal employees. Most civilian federal employees who were hired before 1984 are covered by the Civil Service Retirement System, and contribute 7.0% of their pay to a retirement fund. Federal employees hired in 1984 or later are covered by the Federal Employees' Retirement System and contribute 0.8% of their pay to a retirement fund. Both require participants to contribute toward the cost of their pensions through a payroll tax. This report also summarizes relevant legislation in the 113th Congress that would make significant changes to federal benefits and financing, including H.J.Res. 59, S. 18, S. 1678, and H.R. 3639.
Date: December 20, 2013
Creator: Isaacs, Katelin P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues (open access)

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues

This report examines debates regarding what constitutes an "unfunded federal mandate" and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995's (UMRA) implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions which currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Dilger, Robert Jay & Beth, Richard S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions (open access)

The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions

This report provides an overview of the New Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticisms of those who say that New START is a distraction from more important items on the nonproliferation agenda.
Date: December 5, 2013
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Small Business Administration HUBZone Program (open access)

Small Business Administration HUBZone Program

This report examines arguments both for and against targeting assistance to geographic areas with specified characteristics, such as low income, high poverty, or high unemployment, as opposed to providing assistance to people or businesses with specified characteristics. It then assesses the arguments both for and against the continuation of the HUBZone program
Date: December 17, 2013
Creator: Dilger, Robert Jay
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain (open access)

Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain

This report provides a discussion of the major issues and concerns of the global supply chain for rare earth elements (REEs), their major end uses, and legislative and other policy proposals that Congress may consider to improve the U.S. rare earth position.
Date: December 16, 2013
Creator: Humphries, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Samantar v. Yousef: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and Foreign Officials (open access)

Samantar v. Yousef: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and Foreign Officials

This report provides an overview of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), followed by a consideration of the remaining options for foreign officials who seek immunity from lawsuits, as well as some of the questions that may emerge from each option. The report also discusses legislation addressing the immunity of foreign officials (the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, H.R. 3143 and S. 1535).
Date: December 16, 2013
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track? (open access)

EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track?

This report provides background information on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory activity during the Obama Administration to help address these issues. It examines major or controversial regulatory actions taken by or under development at EPA since January 2009, providing details on the regulatory action itself, presenting an estimated timeline for completion of the rule (including identification of related court or statutory deadlines), and, in general, providing EPA's estimates of costs and benefits, where available. The report includes tables that show which rules remain under development, and an appendix that describes major or controversial rules that are now final.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: McCarthy, James E. & Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns (open access)

Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns

This report discusses the Presidential campaign funding and provides a brief policy overview and raises potential issues for congressional consideration.
Date: December 9, 2013
Creator: Garrett, R. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues (open access)

Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues

This report describes the Keystone XL pipeline proposal and the process required for federal approval. It summarizes key arguments for and against the pipeline put forth by the pipeline's developers, federal agencies, environmental groups, and other stakeholders. The report discusses potential consistency challenges faced by the State Department in reviewing the pipeline application given its recent prior approvals of similar pipeline projects. Finally, the report reviews the constitutional basis for the State Department's authority to issue a Presidential Permit, and opponents' possible challenges to this authority.
Date: December 2, 2013
Creator: Parfomak, Paul W.; Pirog, Robert; Luther, Linda & Vann, Adam
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2013 (open access)

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2013

This report summarizes budgetary decisions relating to research and development funding for FY2013.
Date: December 5, 2013
Creator: Sargent, John F., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill (open access)

Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill

This report discusses the extension of the 2008 Farm Bill for 2013, and provides background information on extension and expiration of this bill.
Date: December 9, 2013
Creator: Monke, Jim; Aussenberg, Randy Alison & Stubbs, Megan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events (open access)

The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events

This report looks at the different ways to construct a high speed rail (HSR) in the U.S., including estimates of construction costs.
Date: December 20, 2013
Creator: Peterman, David Randall; Frittelli, John & Mallett, William J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief (open access)

Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief

This report provides an introduction to the Federal Public Transportation Program (FPTP). Includes a brief background of public transportation as well as FPTP's funding, expenses, and structure.
Date: December 2, 2013
Creator: Mallett, William J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief (open access)

Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief

This report discusses the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) programs and activities are funded under four broad budget accounts: operations and maintenance (such as air traffic control and aviation safety functions); facilities and equipment (such as control towers and navigation beacons); grants for airport improvements under the airports improvement program (AIP); and civil aviation research and development conducted or sponsored by FAA. Additionally, aviation programs fund aviation programs administered by the Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of the Secretary, including the Essential Air Service Program that subsidizes airline service to certain small and isolated communities.
Date: December 16, 2013
Creator: Elias, Bart
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP): In Brief (open access)

Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP): In Brief

This report discusses the major characteristics of the federal highway program that have been constant since the early 1920s. Generally, federal money can be spent only on designated federal-aid highways, which make up roughly a quarter of U.S. public roads.
Date: December 16, 2013
Creator: Kirk, Robert S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medical Child Support: Background and Current Policy (open access)

Medical Child Support: Background and Current Policy

This report describes current federal policy with respect to medical child support. It also examines the potential impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program. It provides a legislative history of medical support provisions in the CSE program and state data on the medical support coverage of children in the CSE program.
Date: December 18, 2013
Creator: Solomon-Fears, Carmen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Highway Bridge Conditions: Issues for Congress (open access)

Highway Bridge Conditions: Issues for Congress

This report discusses the nation's transportation infrastructure in general, and in particular the federal role in funding, building, maintaining, and ensuring the safety of roads and especially bridges in the United States.
Date: December 19, 2013
Creator: Kirk, Robert S. & Mallett, William J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Science and Technology Issues in the 113th Congress (open access)

Science and Technology Issues in the 113th Congress

This report briefly outlines an array of science and technology policy issues that may come before the 113th Congress.
Date: December 27, 2013
Creator: Gottron, Frank
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 113th Congress (open access)

Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 113th Congress

This report discusses the energy tax policy that may also be considered as part of comprehensive tax reform legislation in the 113th Congress. Also the report discusses a number of other energy tax incentives scheduled to expire at the end of 2013, including provisions to support building energy efficiency and renewable fuels.
Date: December 19, 2013
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers (open access)

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers

This report discusses the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) and the Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152) that impose a fee on certain for-profit health insurers, starting in 2014.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Kirchhoff, Suzanne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Women in the United States Congress: Historical Overview, Tables, and Discussion (open access)

Women in the United States Congress: Historical Overview, Tables, and Discussion

This report includes a discussion of the impact of women in Congress as well as historical information, including the number and percentage of women in Congress over time, means of entry to Congress, comparisons to international and state legislatures, records for tenure, firsts for women in Congress, women in leadership, and African American and Asian Pacific American women in Congress.
Date: December 16, 2013
Creator: Manning, Jennifer E.; Shogan, Colleen J. & Brudnick, Ida A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Policy: Provisions in the 2012 Spectrum Act (open access)

Spectrum Policy: Provisions in the 2012 Spectrum Act

This report discusses the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. The act established a process for television broadcasters to release spectrum licensed to them for auction as commercial licenses. The act also included provisions to apply future spectrum license auction revenues toward deficit reduction; to establish a planning and governance structure to deploy public safety broadband networks, using some auction proceeds for that purpose; and to assign additional spectrum resources for public safety communications.
Date: December 23, 2013
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library