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"Standing Out for Their Rights": Industrial Strikes in Oklahoma in the 1930s (open access)

"Standing Out for Their Rights": Industrial Strikes in Oklahoma in the 1930s

Article discusses some of the labor movements and strikes that occurred in 1930s Oklahoma as organized labor filtered through Oklahoma's major industries. James Paul Bailey discusses the impact of organized labor on the economy and worker's rights.
Date: Autumn 1998
Creator: Bailey, James Paul
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Researching Tom Joad: John Steinbeck, Journalist, 1936 (open access)

Researching Tom Joad: John Steinbeck, Journalist, 1936

Article examines John Steinbeck's brief career as a depression-era journalist and his nonfiction work on the working conditions of migrant laborers in California that inspired his greatest literary achievement, The Grapes of Wrath.
Date: Spring 2005
Creator: Bailey, Paul
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Benson Park: Shawnee Citizens at Leisure in the Twentieth Century (open access)

Benson Park: Shawnee Citizens at Leisure in the Twentieth Century

Article describes the beauty and history of Benson Park near Shawnee, Oklahoma. Kenneth R. Bain, Rob Phillips, and Paul D. Travis explore its attraction as a recreational area and the many leisure activities that were possible there until its eventual decline in the face of industry.
Date: Summer 1979
Creator: Bain, Kenneth R.; Phillips, Rob & Travis, Paul D.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Agriculture in the Oklahoma Panhandle 1898-1942 (open access)

Agriculture in the Oklahoma Panhandle 1898-1942

Article describes the history of agricultural activity in the Oklahoma Panhandle and some of the people groups that settled there. W David Baird includes details about historic buildings that contributed to agricultural development, such as granaries, barns, and ranches.
Date: Summer 1994
Creator: Baird, W. David
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Are There Real Indians in Oklahoma? Historical Perceptions of The Five Civilized Tribes (open access)

Are There Real Indians in Oklahoma? Historical Perceptions of The Five Civilized Tribes

Article describes the history of the "Five Civilized Tribes" who advocated for assimilation with whites during Oklahoma's territorial period. W. David Baird explores the identity crisis these tribes faced in the eyes of the public and explores related literature.
Date: Spring 1990
Creator: Baird, W. David
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cathedrals of the Plains: The Grain Elevators of Western Oklahoma (open access)

Cathedrals of the Plains: The Grain Elevators of Western Oklahoma

Article explores the history of the development of commercial agriculture in Oklahoma through discussion of its grain elevators. W. David Baird identifies the structures as more than just industrial landmarks: the also represent the history and culture of the Plains.
Date: Spring 1992
Creator: Baird, W. David
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Spencer Academy, Choctaw Nation, 1842-1900 (open access)

Spencer Academy, Choctaw Nation, 1842-1900

Article describes the need for and establishment of Spencer Academy in the Choctaw Nation. W. David Baird explores the leadership behind the institution, its religious connections, events during the Civil War, and the rebuilding of the academy after it burned down.
Date: Spring 1967
Creator: Baird, W. David
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A History of Cimarron County (open access)

A History of Cimarron County

Article constructs a picture of the history of Cimarron County through coverage of major events that occurred there and examination of archaeological evidence. William E. Baker examines accounts of the area by various parties and discusses early trading expeditions, United States Army occupation, and interactions with American Indian tribes.
Date: Autumn 1953
Creator: Baker, William E.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Pioneering on the Great Plains (open access)

Pioneering on the Great Plains

Article describes the harrowing experience of one pioneer and his wife and children traveling in a covered wagon on the Great Plains. William E. Baker tells the story of the dangers of crossing a river and the journey to Kingfisher, Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1957
Creator: Baker, William E.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Andrew Nave Letters: New Cherokee Source Material at Northeastern State College (open access)

The Andrew Nave Letters: New Cherokee Source Material at Northeastern State College

Article discusses the contents of the Andrew Nave Letters, a collection donated by the Nave family to Northeastern State University. Since Andrew Nave ran a store in Tahlequah and Park Hill and was the son-in-law of Cherokee chief John Ross, the materials can serve as a source of information for the business affairs of the Cherokee Nation.
Date: Spring 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest (open access)

A College Tour to Points of Historic Interest

Article details the historic monuments students of the Northeastern State Teachers College visited during their field trip around Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1931
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston’s March Through Indian Territory in 1855 (open access)

Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston’s March Through Indian Territory in 1855

Article chronicles the trials faced by Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston's marching party as they made their way towards West Texas. The party was to provide aid to settlers dealing with raiding Comanche Indians. The article contains portions of Colonel Johnston's wife, Eliza's, journal entries.
Date: Summer 1969
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Colored High School of the Cherokee Nation (open access)

The Colored High School of the Cherokee Nation

Article discusses the call for and establishment of a high school for freedmen in the Cherokee Nation in 1890, the rights black freed persons had in early Indian Territory, the students who attended the school, and records of the school.
Date: Winter 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cultural Relations Between Two Pioneer Communities (open access)

The Cultural Relations Between Two Pioneer Communities

Article compares the communities of Cane Hill, Arkansas, and Tahlequah, Oklahoma and the progress of the two regions in the Cherokee Nation. T. L. Ballenger discusses the development of national seminaries in the areas and the people who settled there.
Date: Autumn 1956
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Death and Burial of Major Ridge (open access)

The Death and Burial of Major Ridge

Article chronicles the day three men killed Elias Boudinot, Major Ridge, and John Ridge who were part of the "treaty party" within the Cherokees who favored signing relocation treaties. Their killers were part of the Ross party who were opposed to the tribe's relocation.
Date: Spring 1973
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Illinois River (open access)

The Illinois River

Article outlines the many historical landmarks the rest alongside the Illinois River in Oklahoma.
Date: Winter 1968
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Joseph Franklin Thompson: An Early Cherokee Leader (open access)

Joseph Franklin Thompson: An Early Cherokee Leader

Article describes the life and influence of early Cherokee leader Joseph Franklin Thompson. T. L. Ballenger describes his career as an officer in Stand Watie's army, an educator, and a leader of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Date: Autumn 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Keetoowahs and Their Dances (open access)

The Keetoowahs and Their Dances

Article analyzes the history of the Keetoowah Society, a group created to preserve the Cherokee Nation and its traditions during a time of unrest created by the Civil War. T. L. Ballenger includes his personal experiences observing their tradition of stomp dances and encourages the public not to undervalue the society or its traditions.
Date: Summer 1983
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Life and Times of Jeff Thompson Parks: Pioneer, Educator, Jurist (open access)

The Life and Times of Jeff Thompson Parks: Pioneer, Educator, Jurist

Article describes the life of Jeff Thompson Parks, who married into the Cherokee Nation and fought with Stand Watie's Confederate forces, attended the Male Seminary, and later became county judge of Cherokee County. T. L. Ballenger creates a portrait of the man through personal reminiscences and facts.
Date: Summer 1952
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Restoration of the Worcester Cemetery, Old Park Hill (open access)

Restoration of the Worcester Cemetery, Old Park Hill

Article describes the project led by the Oklahoma Historical Society to acquire and preserve the Worcester Mission cemetery at Park Hill. T. L. Ballenger discusses the history of Worcester cemetery and includes a roster of the individuals buried there.
Date: Summer 1953
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Spring Frog (open access)

Spring Frog

Article provides a biographical sketch of the life of Spring Frog, the prominent Cherokee leader who lived from 1754 to 1859. T. L. Ballenger describes his service in battles and his activities among his people.
Date: Spring 1966
Creator: Ballenger, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Notes and Documents, Spring 1959 (open access)

Notes and Documents, Spring 1959

Notes and Documents column including documents about the burial of Alice Eliza Robertson, Mrs. Robertson's Notebook, and a list of works translated by Ann Eliza Robertson into the Creek language.
Date: Spring 1959
Creator: Ballenger, T. L. & Holway, Hope
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Creek Treaty of 1866 (open access)

The Creek Treaty of 1866

Article narrates the events that transpired at the signing of The Creek Treaty in 1866. Outlined within the treaty were provisions for land allotment within the Creek Nation and establishing federal courts within the territory. The treaty was signed shortly after the end of the Civil War.
Date: Summer 1970
Creator: Balman, Gail
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Rural School Houses in Early Oklahoma (open access)

Rural School Houses in Early Oklahoma

Article chronicles how schools were funded and built within rural communities of the Indian Territory.
Date: Autumn 1944
Creator: Balyeat, F. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History