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Across-the-Board Rescissions in Appropriations Acts: Overview and Recent Practices (open access)

Across-the-Board Rescissions in Appropriations Acts: Overview and Recent Practices

This report provides information on the main components of across-the-board rescissions and recent practices since FY2008. The annual appropriations process reqires an agreement on the level of funding for individual items or accounts but also with regard to the total amount of discretionary budget authority that will be provided for that fiscal year. If that agreed-upon amount requires a reduction in budget authority and sufficient reductions are not associated with individual programs, an alternative method to reduce that amount is an "across-the-board rescission."
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Tollestrup, Jessica
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arms Control Ratification: Opportunities for Modifying Agreements (open access)

Arms Control Ratification: Opportunities for Modifying Agreements

This report briefly examines arms control ratification and opportunities for modifying agreements. On July 14, 2015, Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany (the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)--an agreement that restricts Iran's nuclear program in an effort to ensure that it can only be used for peaceful purposes.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Women in Combat: Issues for Congress (open access)

Women in Combat: Issues for Congress

This report looks at the history of women in US military roles and combat since the 1990s. It also discusses critic's views of exclusionary policy as a civil rights issue. Over the past two decades of conflict, women have served with valor and continue to serve on combat aircraft, naval vessels, and in support of ground combat operations. The expansion of roles for women in the armed forces has evolved since the early days of the military when women were restricted by law and policy from serving in certain occupations and units.
Date: September 1, 2015
Creator: Kamarck, Kristy N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cybersecurity: Data, Statistics, and Glossaries (open access)

Cybersecurity: Data, Statistics, and Glossaries

This report describes data and statistics from government, industry, and information technology (IT) security firms regarding the current state of cybersecurity threats in the United States and internationally. These include incident estimates, costs, and annual reports on data security breaches, identity thefts, cybercrimes, malwares, and network securities.
Date: September 8, 2015
Creator: Tehan, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents (open access)

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents

This report provides a list of executive orders and presidential directives pertaining to information and computer security. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities challenge governments, businesses, and individuals worldwide. Attacks have various targets, depending upon whether the attacker was seeking military intelligence, conducting diplomatic or industrial espionage, engaging in cybercrime, or intimidating political activists; additionally attributing an attack to a specific location can be difficult, which may make responding problematic.
Date: September 8, 2015
Creator: Tehan, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The EMV Chip Card Transition: Background, Status, and Issues for Congress (open access)

The EMV Chip Card Transition: Background, Status, and Issues for Congress

This report describes the financial harm caused by data breaches and the impact of EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa) chip cards on fraud. It provides information about the effect of the transition in selected foreign countries and discusses resolved and remaining impediments to completing the EMV transition in the United States. It also identifies areas of potential congressional interest.
Date: September 8, 2015
Creator: Moloney Figliola, Patricia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Analysis of Efforts to Double Federal Funding for Physical Sciences and Engineering Research (open access)

An Analysis of Efforts to Double Federal Funding for Physical Sciences and Engineering Research

This report provides information and analysis on the origins of the doubling effort; selected acts of Congress, other events, and reports; authorizations and appropriations; the effects of the doubling effort on the funding level and character of federal research funding for the physical sciences and engineering disciplines; and related policy issues.
Date: September 8, 2015
Creator: Sargent, John F., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report serves as a primer on the European Union and provides a brief description of U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the 114th Congress.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long Range Strike Bomber Begins to Emerge (open access)

Long Range Strike Bomber Begins to Emerge

This report discusses the U.S. Air Force's top three procurement priorities, including the LRS-B program, which is intended to yield 80 to 100 strategic bombers to replace aging B-52s and B-1s, beginning in the mid-2020s.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Gertler, Jeremiah
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Renegotiating Arms Control Agreements: A Brief Review (open access)

Renegotiating Arms Control Agreements: A Brief Review

This report discusses previous arms control agreements that affected U.S. weapons programs or military activities. On July 14, 2015, Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)--an agreement that restricts Iran's nuclear program in an effort to ensure that it can only be used for peaceful purposes.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Issues such as Arctic sovereignty claims; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Temporary Protected Status: Current Immigration Policy and Issues (open access)

Temporary Protected Status: Current Immigration Policy and Issues

This report is a brief overview of current policies regarding temporary protected status (TPS), which is relief from removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). It includes information about humanitarian migrants, temporary protected status, other blanket forms of relief, nationalities receiving protections, and issues with TPS, as well as recent legislation.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Seghetti, Lisa; Ester, Karma & Wasem, Ruth Ellen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
History and Authority of the Joint Economic Committee (open access)

History and Authority of the Joint Economic Committee

This report briefly discusses joint committees, which are composed of members from both the House and the Senate. The work of these committees generally involves conducting studies and overseeing aspects of congressional operations. This report focuses specifically on the Joint Economic Committee.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Tollestrup, Jessica
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Syrian Refugee Admissions to the United States (open access)

Syrian Refugee Admissions to the United States

This report briefly discusses issues regarding refugees fleeing from Syria. With some European countries pledging to accept increased numbers of Syrian and other asylum seekers in the face of a refugee crisis, attention is focused on the United States and its plans to admit Syrian and other refugees in FY2016 and beyond.
Date: September 10, 2015
Creator: Bruno, Andorra
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies (open access)

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies

This report is a list of about 200 congressional liaison offices, intended to help congressional offices in placing telephone calls and addressing correspondence to government agencies. In each case, the information was supplied by the agency itself and is current as of the date of publication. Entries are arranged alphabetically in four sections: legislative branch; judicial branch; executive branch; and agencies, boards, and commissions.
Date: September 10, 2015
Creator: Crane-Hirsch, Audrey C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions

This report contains links to contacts for specific Affordable Care Act (ACA) questions and provides basic consumer sources, including a glossary of health coverage terms. It also provides sources on the ACA's provisions on mental health, public health, workforce, quality, and taxes, as well as sources on ACA costs and appropriations, legal issues, the treatment of noncitizens under the ACA, and sources for obtaining the law's full text.
Date: September 1, 2015
Creator: Napili, Angela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Veterans' Benefits: Pension Benefit Programs (open access)

Veterans' Benefits: Pension Benefit Programs

This report discusses selected veteran pension programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). This report also discusses the eligibility criteria and current benefit levels of these programs and provides data on the number of pension beneficiaries and average annual benefit amounts for FY1999 through FY2013.
Date: September 9, 2015
Creator: Szymendera, Scott D. & Davis, Carol D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Employer Shared Responsibility Determination and the Potential ACA Employer Penalty (open access)

The Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Employer Shared Responsibility Determination and the Potential ACA Employer Penalty

This report describes the potential employer penalties related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) as well as regulations to implement the ACA employer provisions. The regulations address insurance coverage requirements, methodologies for determining whether a worker is considered full time, provisions relating to seasonal workers and corporate franchises, and other reporting requirements.
Date: September 1, 2015
Creator: Whittaker, Julie M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pension Sponsorship and Participation: Summary of Recent Trends (open access)

Pension Sponsorship and Participation: Summary of Recent Trends

This report discusses trends that will affect the economic well-being of future retirees.
Date: September 11, 2015
Creator: Purcell, Patrick
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library