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Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection (open access)

Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection

This report provides historical background on wildfires, and describes concerns about the wildland-urban interface and about forest and rangeland health. The report discusses fuel management, fire control, and fire effects. The report then examines federal, state, and landowner roles and responsibilities in protecting lands and resources from wildfires, and concludes by discussing current issues for federal wildfire management.
Date: January 18, 2006
Creator: Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance (open access)

The Federal Government Debt: Its Size and Economic Significance

This report explains the different measures of the U.S. government debt, discusses the historical growth in the debt, identifies the current owners of the debt, presents comparisons with government debt in other countries, and examines the potential economic risks associated with a growing federal debt.
Date: January 27, 2006
Creator: Cashell, Brian W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transportation, the Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations (open access)

Transportation, the Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations

At the beginning of the 109th Congress, both the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations reorganized their subcommittee structure, affecting the coverage of the FY2006 appropriations bills. As a result, the appropriations subcommittees that previously oversaw the Departments of Transportation and the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies now also oversee the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and (in the case of the House, but not the Senate) the District of Columbia.
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Peterman, David Randall & Frittelli, John F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internet Taxation: Issues and Legislation in the 109th Congress (open access)

Internet Taxation: Issues and Legislation in the 109th Congress

This report discusses issues of state and local taxation of Internet transactions because commerce conducted by parties in different states over the Internet.
Date: February 2, 2006
Creator: Maguire, Steven & Noto, Nonna A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Student Aid Need Analysis System: Background, Description, and Legislative Action (open access)

Federal Student Aid Need Analysis System: Background, Description, and Legislative Action

A federal need analysis system underlies the annual allocation of billions of dollars (more than $73 billion in FY2005) in student financial aid supported by Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) (P.L. 89-329, as amended). The system has regularly been characterized by many as too complex, creating a barrier for students seeking financial assistance, especially low-income students. This report provides an overview of the federal need analysis system, including a discussion of recent legislative changes and proposals.
Date: February 3, 2006
Creator: Mercer, Charmaine
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006 (open access)

HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006

This report briefly discusses appropriations for international HIV/AIDS programs. FY2006 Appropriations for Foreign Operations (P.L. 109-102), Labor/HHS/Education (H.Rept. 109-300), Defense, and Agriculture (P.L. 109-97) provide more than $3.4 billion for international HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria initiatives. The largest portion of the funds is provided through P.L. 109-102, which directs more than $2.8 billion to fighting the three diseases.
Date: January 3, 2006
Creator: Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India: Chronology of Recent Events (open access)

India: Chronology of Recent Events

This report provides a reverse chronology of recent events involving India and India-U.S. relations. Sources include, but are not limited to, major newswires, the U.S. Department of State, Hindu (Madras), Hindustan Times (Delhi), and Indian Express (Bombay).
Date: February 7, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks (open access)

The Middle East Peace Talks

This report discusses the Middle East peace talks, including the new peace process with the most recent developments,and the war against terrorism.
Date: January 13, 2006
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations (open access)

Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations

This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and the Senate Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.
Date: January 27, 2006
Creator: Nowels, Larry & Epstein, Susan B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force (open access)

Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force

The increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrollment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. In addition to the number of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs, a significant number of university faculty in the scientific disciplines are foreign, and foreign doctorates are employed in large numbers by industry. This report examines these issues and discusses their policy implications.
Date: January 3, 2006
Creator: Matthews, Christine M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Performance Computers and Export Control Policy: Issues for Congress (open access)

High Performance Computers and Export Control Policy: Issues for Congress

Congress has a strong interest in export control policy with regard to technologies that may have both commercial and military applications outside of the United States. Through its constitutionally delegated authority to regulate foreign commerce, Congress has the authority to control exports for national security or foreign policy purposes. This report examines congressional interest in the exportation of High Performance Computers, which are either single computing machines (usually called supercomputers) or a cluster of easily available, high-end workstations or personal computers.
Date: January 25, 2006
Creator: McLoughlin, Glenn J. & Fergusson, Ian F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Higher Education Tax Credits: An Economic Analysis (open access)

Higher Education Tax Credits: An Economic Analysis

This report provides analysis of the education tax credit program in the context of issues facing Congress in regard to higher education. This report begins with a review of the economic rationale for subsidizing education, then describes federal subsidies for education in general and the education tax credits in particular. An analysis of the education credits follows and the report concludes with a discussion of education tax credit policy options.
Date: January 17, 2006
Creator: Jackson, Pamela J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance

Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded in overthrowing Saddam Hussein, but Iraq remains violent and unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, as well as increasing sectarian violence. According to its November 30, 2005, “Strategy for Victory,” the Bush Administration indicates that U.S. forces will remain in Iraq until the country is able to provide for its own security and does not serve as a host for radical Islamic terrorists. This report discusses the background of the issue and examines several security challenges, response, and other policy options for the U.S.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: January 3, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Internal Revenue Service's Use of Private Debt Collection Agencies: Current Status and Issues for Congress (open access)

The Internal Revenue Service's Use of Private Debt Collection Agencies: Current Status and Issues for Congress

Under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA, P.L. 108-357), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has acquired for the second time in its history the legal authority to hire private debt collection agencies (PCAs) to assist in the collection of certain individual tax debt. The grant of authority grew out of a proposal made by the Bush Administration in its budget request for the IRS in both FY2004 and FY2005. This report focuses on IRS’s current plan for hiring PCAs to collect delinquent individual taxes and the policy issues it raises. It begins with an examination of the scope of IRS’s authority to use PCAs under the AJCA and concludes with a discussion of the main issues for Congress as it oversees IRS’s efforts to implement and manage the private tax debt collection initiative. The report will be updated to reflect significant legislative action and new developments related to the initiative
Date: January 11, 2006
Creator: Guenther, Gary
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report discusses legislative initiatives to address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st century.
Date: February 17, 2006
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities (open access)

The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities

This report discusses the High-Performance Computing and Communications Program Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-194), which was passed to enhance the effectiveness of the various high-performance computing programs. The HPCC Program has evolved over time and is now called the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program, to better reflect its expanded mission.
Date: February 22, 2006
Creator: Figliola, Patricia Moloney
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Aviation: Issues and Options for Combating Terrorism and Counterinsurgency (open access)

Military Aviation: Issues and Options for Combating Terrorism and Counterinsurgency

This report provides background on terrorism and non-state actor challenges, and how military aviation may contribute to operations against these actors. The report discusses issues associated with the use of military aviation against non-state actors, and potential options for consideration.
Date: January 27, 2006
Creator: Bolkcom, Christopher & Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Death Benefits: Status and Proposals (open access)

Military Death Benefits: Status and Proposals

This report describes the various death benefits from the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and Social Security available to certain survivors of members of the Armed Forces who die on active duty.
Date: January 24, 2006
Creator: Burrelli, David F. & Corwell, Jennifer R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Programs: Direct Payments, Counter-Cyclical Payments, and Marketing Loans (open access)

Farm Commodity Programs: Direct Payments, Counter-Cyclical Payments, and Marketing Loans

Commodity support provisions in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171, the 2002 farm bill) include three primary types of payments: (1) annual direct payments unrelated to production or prices, (2) counter-cyclical payments which are triggered when prices are below statutorily-determined target prices, and (3) marketing assistance loans that offer interim financing and, if prices fall below statutorily-determined loan prices, additional income support. This report describes the payments for wheat, feed grains, cotton, rice, oilseeds, peanuts, wool, mohair, honey, and certain other small grains. These commodities have similar rules, and generally account for about two-thirds of USDA farm commodity program outlays.
Date: February 10, 2006
Creator: Monke, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment (open access)

Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment

This report discusses the recent controversy that has arisen regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, and whether such treatment complies with U.S. statutes and treaties such as the U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). Congress recently approved additional guidelines concerning the treatment of detainees. The Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006 (P.L. 109- 148), and the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006 (P.L. 109-163) contain identical provisions that (1) require Department of Defense (DOD) personnel to employ United States Army Field Manual guidelines while interrogating detainees, and (2) prohibit the “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment of persons under the detention, custody, or control of the United States Government.” These provisions, added to the defense appropriations and authorization bills via amendments introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as “the McCain amendment.” This report discusses the McCain amendment, as modified and subsequently enacted into law.
Date: January 24, 2006
Creator: Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2007 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress (open access)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2007 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress

This report provides an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and discuses NASA budget and its new Vision for Space Exploration, especially whether it is maintaining a balanced portfolio of programs that include science and aeronautics.
Date: February 16, 2006
Creator: Smith, Marcia S. & Morgan, Daniel
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The FY2007 Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (open access)

The FY2007 Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

This report discusses the FY2007 budget request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) includes $96.4 billion in budget authority.
Date: February 16, 2006
Creator: Monke, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2007 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security (open access)

FY2007 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security

This report is an overview of the Administration’s budget request for the following seven homeland security programs designed to provide assistance to state and local first responders — firefighters, emergency medical personnel, emergency managers, and law enforcement officers.
Date: February 17, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library