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Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth (open access)

Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth

The continued growth of the Internet for personal, government, and business purposes may be affected by a number of technology policy issues being debated by Congress. Among them are access to and regulation of broadband (high-speed) Internet services, computer and Internet security, Internet privacy, the impact of “spam,” concerns about what children may encounter (such as pornography) when using the Internet, management of the Internet Domain Name System, and government information technology management. This report provides overviews of those issues, plus appendices providing a list of pending legislation, a list of acronyms, a discussion of legislation passed in earlier Congresses, and a list of other CRS reports that provide more detail on these and related topics.
Date: August 15, 2006
Creator: Kruger, Lennard G.; Moteff, John D.; Gilroy, Angele A.; Seifert, Jeffrey W.; Moloney Figliola, Patricia & Tehan, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions (open access)

Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions

This report discusses monetary policy, which can also be defined in terms of the directives, policies, statements, and actions of the Federal Reserve, particularly those from its Board of Governors that have an effect on aggregate demand or national spending.
Date: August 21, 2006
Creator: Labonte, Marc & Makinen, Gail
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy (open access)

Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy

In the last few years, the United States has considered bilateral and regional free trade areas (FTAs) with a number of trading partners. Such arrangements are not new in U.S. trade policy. The United States has had a free trade arrangement with Israel since 1985 and with Canada since1989. The latter was suspended when the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that included the United States, Canada, and Mexico, went into effect in January 1994. This report monitors pending and possible proposals for U.S. FTAs, relevant legislation and other congressional interest in U.S. FTAs.
Date: August 1, 2006
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Millenium Challenge Account (open access)

Millenium Challenge Account

This report discusses the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) that provides assistance, through a competitive selection process, to developing nations that are pursing political and economic reforms in three areas: ruling justly, investing in people, and fostering economic freedom.
Date: August 1, 2006
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Aircraft Carriers: Proposed Retirement of USS John F. Kennedy - Issues and Options for Congress (open access)

Navy Aircraft Carriers: Proposed Retirement of USS John F. Kennedy - Issues and Options for Congress

This report discusses issue for Congress for FY2007, as it was for FY2006, is whether to approve, reject, or modify the proposal to retire the navy aircraft carrier Kennedy and reduce the carrier force to 11 ships.
Date: August 29, 2006
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gun Legislation in the 109th Congress (open access)

Gun Legislation in the 109th Congress

This report discusses the gun legislation in the 190th Congress. It presents the views of a contentious debate, with strong advocates for and against the further federal regulation of firearms.
Date: August 4, 2006
Creator: Krouse, William J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Counter-Terrorism Training: Issues for Congressional Oversight (open access)

Federal Counter-Terrorism Training: Issues for Congressional Oversight

This report is an overview of the major training activities and facilities of the federal departments and agencies that provide counter-terrorism training. It identifies some of the issues associated with the training, including the following: possible duplication of federal counter-terrorism training programs; determination of Department of Homeland Security counterterrorism training priorities; and possible redundancy and coordination of DHS counter-terrorism training programs.
Date: August 31, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security and Labor-Management Relations: NTEU v. Chertoff (open access)

Homeland Security and Labor-Management Relations: NTEU v. Chertoff

This report examines the opinions of the district court and court of appeals in National Treasury Employees Union (“NTEU”) v. Chertof.
Date: August 14, 2006
Creator: Nicola, Thomas J. & Shimabukuro, Jon O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal and State Quarantine and Isolation Authority (open access)

Federal and State Quarantine and Isolation Authority

This report provides an overview of federal and state public health laws as they relate to the quarantine and isolation of individuals, a discussion of constitutional issues that may be raised should individual liberties be restricted in a quarantine situation, and federalism questions that may arise where federal and state authorities overlap. In addition, the possible role of the armed forces in enforcing public health measures is discussed, specifically whether the Posse Comitatus Act would constrain any military role, and other statutory authorities that may be used for the military enforcement of health measures.
Date: August 16, 2006
Creator: Swendiman, Kathleen S. & Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Legal Developments in International Civil Aviation (open access)

Legal Developments in International Civil Aviation

This report provides background on U.S. civil aviation agreements, updates the current status of U.S. “Open Skies” negotiations with the EU, and addresses the status of the legal debate concerning both the foreign ownership and control rules and the cabotage laws.
Date: August 25, 2006
Creator: Tatelman, Todd B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options (open access)

Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options

This report provides background information about the establishment and evolution of federal emergency management and related homeland security organization since 1950. Post-Katrina assessments of current arrangements by Congress and the White House are also discussed. Finally, the report provides a brief summary of related legislation that had been introduced as of July 17, 2006.
Date: August 1, 2006
Creator: Hogue, Henry B. & Bea, Keith
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations - Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations - Background and Issues for Congress

This report discusses the Coast Guard, which is the lead federal agency for maritime homeland security. For FY2007, the Coast Guard is requesting a total of about $4.5 billion for missions defined in The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296) as the Coast Guard’s homeland security missions. This equates to about 54% of the Coast Guard’s total requested FY2007 budget. The Coast Guard’s homeland security operations pose several potential issues for Congress, including adequacy of Coast Guard resources for performing both homeland security and non-homeland security missions, and Coast Guard coordination with other agencies involved in maritime homeland security.
Date: August 14, 2006
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Construction, Military Quality of Life and Veterans' Affairs, FY2007 Appropriations (open access)

Military Construction, Military Quality of Life and Veterans' Affairs, FY2007 Appropriations

This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House Military Quality of Life and Veterans Affairs and Senate Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Subcommittees. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.
Date: August 4, 2006
Creator: Else, Daniel H.; Graney, Paul J. & Panangala, Sidath Viranga
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security Research and Development Funding, Organization, and Oversight (open access)

Homeland Security Research and Development Funding, Organization, and Oversight

The Homeland Security Act consolidated some research and development (R&D) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose FY2007 R&D budget (excluding management/procurement) was requested at $1.1 billion, about 10% less than FY2006, and represents the first decline in DHS's R&D funding since the agency started funding R&D in 2002. DHS is mandated to coordinate all federal agency homeland security R&D, which was requested at about $5.1 billion. This report lists related legislation and policy issues relating to DHS's R&D programs.
Date: August 22, 2006
Creator: Knezo, Genevieve J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security: Establishment and Implementation of the United States Northern Command (open access)

Homeland Security: Establishment and Implementation of the United States Northern Command

This report discusses the U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM), which was established by the Department of Defense (DOD) to fight terrorism at home. Significant organizational and procedural progress has been made in setting up this organization. However, questions remain concerning interagency relationships and information sharing.
Date: August 18, 2006
Creator: Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security Grants: Evolution of Program Guidance and Grant Allocation Methods (open access)

Homeland Security Grants: Evolution of Program Guidance and Grant Allocation Methods

This CRS report explains the evolving administrative guidance that governs the three homeland security assistance programs, discusses the changing DHS requirements for grant applications and subsequent reporting by recipients, describes the DHS grant allocation methods, and identifies pertinent oversight questions that may be of interest to Congress.
Date: August 7, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response (open access)

International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response

This report examines international terrorist actions, threats, U.S. policies and responses. It reviews the nation’s use of tools at its disposal to combat terrorism, from diplomacy, international cooperation, and constructive engagement to physical security enhancement, economic sanctions, covert action, and military force.
Date: August 9, 2006
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response (open access)

International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response

This report examines international terrorist actions, threats, U.S. policies and responses. It reviews the nation’s use of tools at its disposal to combat terrorism, from diplomacy, international cooperation, and constructive engagement to physical security enhancement, economic sanctions, covert action, and military force.
Date: August 16, 2006
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security Intelligence: Perceptions, Statutory Definitions, and Approaches (open access)

Homeland Security Intelligence: Perceptions, Statutory Definitions, and Approaches

Although the activities involved in homeland security intelligence (HSINT) itself are not new, the relative importance of state, local, and private sector stakeholders; the awareness of how law enforcement information might protect national security; and the importance attached to homeland security intelligence have all increased substantially since the events of September 11, 2001. This report provides a potential conceptual model of how to frame HSINT, including geographic, structural/statutory, and holistic approaches. Given that state, local, tribal, and private sector officials play such an important role in HSINT, the holistic model, one not constrained by geography or levels of government, strikes many as the most compelling. The report argues that there is, in effect, a Homeland Security Intelligence Community (HSIC). While this community may not necessarily be a useful construct from a management perspective, it is nevertheless a community as traditionally defined. Although the HSIC’s members are diffused across the nation, they share a common counterterrorism interest.
Date: August 18, 2006
Creator: Masse, Todd M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Crowd watching two men with hats raised]

More than 100 persons from Dallas contributed to the Mexican state of Colima to be entered in the next Guinness book of world records for having created the world's largest lemonade at 3500 liters. 20,000 lemons, or one ton, from the valleys of Colima along with 3750 liters of water and 56 liters of syrup beat out the previous record holder of 2500 liters that was created in Victoria, Australia in 1996.
Date: August 6, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Man and Woman Dancing]

More than 100 persons from Dallas contributed to the Mexican state of Colima to be entered in the next Guinness book of world records for having created the world's largest lemonade at 3500 liters. 20,000 lemons, or one ton, from the valleys of Colima along with 3750 liters of water and 56 liters of syrup beat out the previous record holder of 2500 liters that was created in Victoria, Australia in 1996.
Date: August 6, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Two couples dancing in traditional costumes]

More than 100 persons from Dallas contributed to the Mexican state of Colima to be entered in the next Guinness book of world records for having created the world's largest lemonade at 3500 liters. 20,000 lemons, or one ton, from the valleys of Colima along with 3750 liters of water and 56 liters of syrup beat out the previous record holder of 2500 liters that was created in Victoria, Australia in 1996.
Date: August 6, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Man in white shirt with microphone]

More than 100 persons from Dallas contributed to the Mexican state of Colima to be entered in the next Guinness book of world records for having created the world's largest lemonade at 3500 liters. 20,000 lemons, or one ton, from the valleys of Colima along with 3750 liters of water and 56 liters of syrup beat out the previous record holder of 2500 liters that was created in Victoria, Australia in 1996.
Date: August 6, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Man reaching for limes]

More than 100 persons from Dallas contributed to the Mexican state of Colima to be entered in the next Guinness book of world records for having created the world's largest lemonade at 3500 liters. 20,000 lemons, or one ton, from the valleys of Colima along with 3750 liters of water and 56 liters of syrup beat out the previous record holder of 2500 liters that was created in Victoria, Australia in 1996.
Date: August 6, 2006
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library