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Federalism: Selected Opinions of Judge Samuel Alito (open access)

Federalism: Selected Opinions of Judge Samuel Alito

This report discusses several opinions Judge Samuel Alito has written regarding federalism.
Date: December 30, 2005
Creator: Thomas, Kenneth R. & Tatelman, Todd B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Veterans' Employment and Training Service: Labor Actions Needed to Improve Accountability and Help States Implement Reforms to Veterans' Employment Services (open access)

Veterans' Employment and Training Service: Labor Actions Needed to Improve Accountability and Help States Implement Reforms to Veterans' Employment Services

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Roughly 700,000 veterans have been unemployed in recent months, a figure that could swell considerably with the anticipated increase in the number of people leaving active duty. Congress passed the Jobs for Veterans Act in 2002 to improve employment and training services for veterans and to encourage employers to hire them. As mandated by law, GAO reviewed progress to date in its implementation, including the development of new staff roles and responsibilities, performance accountability system, incentive awards, and priority of service to veterans. GAO examined (1) implementation status of the key provisions and any associated challenges, (2) what is known about services and outcomes since the law's enactment, and (3) changes in program accountability."
Date: December 30, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medical Marijuana: Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies (open access)

Medical Marijuana: Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies

This report discusses the issue facing Congress on whether to continue to support the executive branch’s prosecution of medical marijuana patients and their providers, in accordance with marijuana’s status as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, or whether to relax federal marijuana prohibition enough to permit the medical use of botanical cannabis products by seriously ill persons, especially in states that have created medical marijuana programs under state law.
Date: December 29, 2005
Creator: Eddy, Mark
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Google Book Search Project: Is Online Indexing a Fair Use Under Copyright Law? (open access)

The Google Book Search Project: Is Online Indexing a Fair Use Under Copyright Law?

This report provides background on the pending litigation. Google, Inc. is digitally scanning the collections of several prominent libraries in order to create a vast searchable database of literary works. Copyright holders who have not authorized and object to the digitization have filed suit against the company.
Date: December 28, 2005
Creator: Jeweler, Robin
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nursing Homes: Despite Increased Oversight, Challenges Remain in Ensuring High-Quality Care and Resident Safety (open access)

Nursing Homes: Despite Increased Oversight, Challenges Remain in Ensuring High-Quality Care and Resident Safety

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Since 1998, GAO has issued numerous reports on nursing home quality and safety that identified significant weaknesses in federal and state oversight. Under contract with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), states conduct annual nursing home inspections, known as surveys, to assess compliance with federal quality and safety requirements. States also investigate complaints filed by family members or others in between annual surveys. When state surveys find serious deficiencies, CMS may impose sanctions to encourage compliance with federal requirements. GAO was asked to assess CMS's progress since 1998 in addressing oversight weaknesses. GAO (1) reviewed the trends in nursing home quality from 1999 through January 2005, (2) evaluated the extent to which CMS's initiatives have addressed survey and oversight problems identified by GAO and CMS, and (3) identified key challenges to continued progress in ensuring resident health and safety. GAO reviewed federal data on the results of state nursing home surveys and federal surveys assessing state performance; conducted additional analyses in five states with large numbers of nursing homes; reviewed the status of its prior recommendations; and identified key workforce and workload issues confronting …
Date: December 28, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union Enlargement (open access)

European Union Enlargement

On May 1, 2004, 10 states joined the European Union (EU), enlarging the Union to 25 members. The EU views the enlargement process as an historic opportunity to promote stability in Europe and further the integration of the continent by peaceful means. In addition to the 10 new members (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia), three other states — Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia — hope to accede to the EU by 2007. Turkey is also a candidate and is expected to begin accession negotiations in 2005. Macedonia has also applied for EU membership.
Date: December 27, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin
System: The UNT Digital Library
Science, State, Justice, Commerce and Related Agencies (House)/ Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations (open access)

Science, State, Justice, Commerce and Related Agencies (House)/ Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (Senate): FY2006 Appropriations

This report monitors actions taken by the 109th Congress for the House’s Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies (SSJC) and the Senate’s Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) FY2006 appropriations legislation.
Date: December 23, 2005
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F. & Epstein, Susan B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defining Cable Broadband Internet Access Service: Background and Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Brand X Decision (open access)

Defining Cable Broadband Internet Access Service: Background and Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Brand X Decision

This report provides an overview of the regulatory actions leading up to and an analysis of the Supreme Court's decision in National Cable & Telecommunications Associations v. Brand X Internet Services. It also provides a discussion of the possible legal and economic implications of the Court's decision.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Welborn, Angie A. & Goldfarb, Charles B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security: DHS Needs to Improve Ethics-Related Management Controls for the Science and Technology Directorate (open access)

Homeland Security: DHS Needs to Improve Ethics-Related Management Controls for the Science and Technology Directorate

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate was established to focus on areas such as addressing countermeasures for biological threats. To do this, it hired experts from the national laboratories under the authority of the Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA). The Directorate is organized into portfolios, led by portfolio managers. Questions have been raised about potential conflicts of interest for these individuals, since a portion of the Directorate's research funds have gone to the national laboratories. GAO was asked to examine (1) the management controls established within the Directorate to help guard against conflicts of interest for IPA portfolio managers; and (2) the role of the IPA portfolio managers, particularly those from national laboratories, in determining where research and development projects were directed."
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Interactions with Selected Provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) (open access)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Interactions with Selected Provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)1 and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA)2 are two of the most significant federal statutes relating to education. Although both have the goal of improving education — IDEA for children with disabilities and NCLBA for all children — the two statutes take different approaches. IDEA focuses on the individual child, with an emphasis on developing an individualized education program (IEP) and specific services for children with disabilities, while NCLBA takes a more global view, with an emphasis on closing gaps in achievement test scores and raising the aggregate scores of all demographic groups of pupils to specific levels. The relationship of IDEA and NCLBA has become of increasing significance because of the recent reauthorization of IDEA and guidance and regulations from the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on NCLBA issues related to the education of children with disabilities. This report will provide a brief overview of IDEA and NCLBA, a discussion of the intersection of selected provisions of IDEA and NCLBA, and a discussion of ED regulations and guidance regarding IDEA and NCLBA. The report concludes with a discussion of possible issues related to the interaction of IDEA and NCLBA.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Apling, Richard N. & Jones, Nancy L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Interactions with Selected Provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) (open access)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Interactions with Selected Provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) are two of the most significant federal statutes relating to education. Although both have the goal of improving education — IDEA for children with disabilities and NCLBA for all children — the two statutes take different approaches. IDEA focuses on the individual child, with an emphasis on developing an individualized education program (IEP) and specific services for children with disabilities, while NCLBA takes a more global view, with an emphasis on closing gaps in achievement test scores and raising the aggregate scores of all demographic groups of pupils to specific levels. The relationship of IDEA and NCLBA has become of increasing significance because of this recent reauthorization of IDEA and guidance and regulations from the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on NCLBA issues related to the education of children with disabilities. This report will provide a brief overview of IDEA and NCLBA, a discussion of the intersection of selected provisions of IDEA and NCLBA, and a discussion of ED regulations and guidance regarding IDEA and NCLBA. The report concludes with a discussion of possible issues related to the interaction of IDEA and NCLBA.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Apling, Richard N. & Jones, Nancy Lee
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report discusses legislative initiatives to address the challenges facing the U.S. Intelligence Community in the 21st century.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Value-Added Tax as a New Revenue Source (open access)

Value-Added Tax as a New Revenue Source

This report discusses the valueadded tax (VAT), which has been frequently discussed as a full or partial replacement for the U.S. income tax system.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Bickley, James M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Welfare Reauthorization: An Overview of the Issues (open access)

Welfare Reauthorization: An Overview of the Issues

In February 2002, the Administration proposed its welfare reauthorization plan. The debate was dominated by controversy over the amount of child care funding and the Administration's proposed changes to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) work participation standards. The final agreement reflects the same child care funding increase that was provided in House-passed welfare reauthorization measures in 2002 and 2003 ($1 billion in additional mandatory child care funding over five years). The 2005 Senate Finance Committee welfare reauthorization bill would have provided $6 billion in additional child care funding over five years. Though the final agreement would require states to increase the share of their families participating in TANF work activities, it does not include the Administration's proposal to set a 40-hour workweek standard or revise the activities that count toward the standard. The reauthorization debate also reflected a renewed focus on noncustodial parents and on family formation issues. The budget agreement includes responsible fatherhood initiatives and a scaled back version of the President's initiative to promote healthy marriages.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Falk, Gene; Gish, Melinda & Solomon-Fears, Carmen
System: The UNT Digital Library
Welfare Reauthorization: An Overview of the Issues (open access)

Welfare Reauthorization: An Overview of the Issues

In February 2002, the Administration proposed its welfare reauthorization plan. The debate was dominated by controversy over the amount of child care funding and the Administration's proposed changes to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) work participation standards. The final agreement reflects the same child care funding increase that was provided in House-passed welfare reauthorization measures in 2002 and 2003 ($1 billion in additional mandatory child care funding over five years). The 2005 Senate Finance Committee welfare reauthorization bill would have provided $6 billion in additional child care funding over five years. Though the final agreement would require states to increase the share of their families participating in TANF work activities, it does not include the Administration's proposal to set a 40-hour workweek standard or revise the activities that count toward the standard. The reauthorization debate also reflected a renewed focus on noncustodial parents and on family formation issues. The budget agreement includes responsible fatherhood initiatives and a scaled back version of the President's initiative to promote healthy marriages.
Date: December 22, 2005
Creator: Falk, Gene; Gish, Melinda & Solomon-Fears, Carmen
System: The UNT Digital Library
Credit Card Minimum Payments (open access)

Credit Card Minimum Payments

Recently, credit card issuers began adjusting their minimum payment formulas, raising the amount of the required monthly payment. Congress has focused on the need to increase consumer awareness of the financial jeopardy that can result from paying only the required minimum. This report provides an overview of the issues and congressional action. It will be updated as events warrant.
Date: December 21, 2005
Creator: Smale, Pauline
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Schaffer v. Weast (open access)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Schaffer v. Weast

This report discusses the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is the main federal program concerning the education of children with disabilities. It authorizes state and local aid for special education and related services for children with disabilities and contains detailed due process protections for children with disabilities and their parents. On December 3, 2004, President Bush signed “The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Improvement Act” (P.L. 108-446), a major reauthorization and revision of IDEA. One issue which was not addressed in the reauthorization was whether the parents or the school bears the burden of proof in special education due process hearings. On November 14, 2005, the Supreme Court resolved a split in the circuits and held that the burden of proof in an administrative hearing challenging a child’s individualized education program is on the party seeking the relief.
Date: December 21, 2005
Creator: Jones, Nancy L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intellectual Property and the Free Trade Agreements: Innovation Policy Issues (open access)

Intellectual Property and the Free Trade Agreements: Innovation Policy Issues

This report discusses Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with Australia, Chile, Singapore, and other trading partners in respect to copyrights, data protection, patents, trademarks, and other forms of intellectual property.
Date: December 21, 2005
Creator: Thomas, John R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Missile Defense: The Current Debate (open access)

Missile Defense: The Current Debate

This report discusses the missile defense programs, elimination of the distinction between national and theater missile defense and the deployment options for a “layered” capability to intercept missiles aimed at U.S. territory across the whole spectrum of their flight path.
Date: December 21, 2005
Creator: Hildreth, Steven A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
NASA: Implementing a Knowledge-Based Acquisition Framework Could Lead to Better Investment Decisions and Project Outcomes (open access)

NASA: Implementing a Knowledge-Based Acquisition Framework Could Lead to Better Investment Decisions and Project Outcomes

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to spend over $100 billion on capabilities and technologies to achieve the initial goals of the President's 2004 Vision for Space Exploration. In the past, NASA has had difficulty meeting cost, schedule, and performance objectives for some of its projects because it failed to adequately define project requirements and quantify resources. NASA will be further challenged by a constrained federal budget and a shrinking experienced NASA workforce. To help face these challenges and manage projects with greater efficiency and accountability, NASA recently updated its program and project management policy and is developing an agencywide systems engineering policy. GAO has issued a series of reports on the importance of obtaining critical information and knowledge at key junctures in major system acquisitions to help meet cost and schedule objectives. This report (1) evaluates whether NASA's policy supports a knowledge-based acquisition approach and (2) describes how NASA centers are implementing the agency's acquisition policies and guidance."
Date: December 21, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Organization of American States: A Primer (open access)

Organization of American States: A Primer

This report provides a background on the Organization of American States (OAS), which is an international organization based in Washington, D.C., comprised of 35 Western Hemisphere states. The OAS works to promote democracy, protect human rights, preserve security, expand trade, and address cross-cutting issues of hemispheric concern.
Date: December 20, 2005
Creator: Ribando, Clare
System: The UNT Digital Library
Telecommunications: Strong Support for Extending FCC's Auction Authority Exists, but Little Agreement on Other Options to Improve Efficient Use of Spectrum (open access)

Telecommunications: Strong Support for Extending FCC's Auction Authority Exists, but Little Agreement on Other Options to Improve Efficient Use of Spectrum

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The radio-frequency spectrum is a natural resource used to provide an array of wireless communications services, such as television broadcasting, which are critical to the U.S. economy and national security. In 1993, the Congress gave the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authority to use competitive bidding, or auctions, to assign spectrum licenses to commercial users. The Commercial Spectrum Enhancement Act required GAO to examine FCC's commercial spectrum licensing process. Specifically, GAO examined the (1) characteristics of the current spectrum allocation process for commercial uses; (2) impact of the assignment process--specifically the adoption of auctions to assign spectrum licenses--on end-user prices, infrastructure deployment, competition, and entry and participation of small businesses; and (3) options for improving spectrum management."
Date: December 20, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas State Office of Risk Management Annual Report of Nonfinancial Data: 2005 (open access)

Texas State Office of Risk Management Annual Report of Nonfinancial Data: 2005

Report on nonfinancial data of the Texas State Office of Risk Management for fiscal year 2005, including information about fees, spaces, progress on the HUB (historically underutilized business) plan, environmentally sensitive purchases, and indirect costs.
Date: December 20, 2005
Creator: Texas. State Office of Risk Management.
System: The Portal to Texas History
An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Paloma Creek School Site, Denton County, Texas (open access)

An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Paloma Creek School Site, Denton County, Texas

An archaeological survey report of the proposed Paloma Creek community school site in Denton County, Texas, performed to determine whether any historic resources were located on the proposed construction sites.
Date: December 19, 2005
Creator: Tood, Jesse E.
System: The Portal to Texas History