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Homeland Security: The Presidential Coordination Office
This report discusses about a presidential charter, A model and principles for success, Implications for the homeland security office, Administrative Developments and legislation.
Date:
July 8, 2002
Creator:
Relyea, Harold C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Visa Issuances: Policy, Issues, and Legislation
This report addresses the current policy on immigration visa issuances and options for reassigning this function to the proposed Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It opens with an overview of visa issuances, with sections on procedures for aliens coming to live in the United States permanently and on procedures for aliens admitted for temporary stays. An analysis of the grounds for excluding aliens follows. The report summarizes the debate on transferring visaissuance policy functions to homeland security and concludes with a discussion of the legislative proposals to reassign the visa issuance activities and to revise visa issuance policies.
Date:
July 31, 2002
Creator:
Wasem, Ruth Ellen
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interest Groups and Lobbyists: Sources of Information
Interest groups, including those who actively lobby, continue to play a role in the American legislative process. After years of congressional efforts to improve disclosure of interest groups, the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) of 1995 (P.L. 104-65) and the Lobbying Disclosure Technical Amendments Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-166) were signed into law on December 19, 1995, and April 6, 1998, respectively. Both laws seek greater disclosure of interest groups’ activities and more accuracy in reporting their spending. Information on lobbyist registrations and on interest groups in general is available from a variety of online and printed sources, including files available for public inspection. This report provides a list of directories and online services that offer background on the interest groups and lobbyists who focus on legislation in Washington.
Date:
July 18, 2002
Creator:
Greenfield, Susan Watkins
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Services Block Grant (Title XX of the Social Security Act)
The Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) is a flexible source of funds that states may use to support a wide variety of social services activities. States have broad discretion over the use of these funds. This short report provides background information on the SSBG and tracks relevant legislation and appropriations measures.
Date:
July 3, 2002
Creator:
Gish, Melinda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IRS Reform: Innocent Spouse Rule
Married couples filing joint tax returns are liable individually and as a couple for all taxes due on the return with a limited exemption for innocent spouses. This report discusses joint and several liability, which has been the subject of much criticism and calls for reform or elimination.
Date:
July 2, 1998
Creator:
Ripy, Thomas B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $26 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
Date:
July 14, 2005
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wisconsin Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized
This report is one of a series that profiles the emergency management and homeland security statutory authorities of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and three territories (American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Each profile identifies the more significant elements of state statutes, generally as codified. This report focuses on the state of Wisconsin.
Date:
July 2, 2004
Creator:
Bea, Keith; Runyon, L. Cheryl & Warnock, Kae M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress
This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date:
July 15, 2005
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $26 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) account under the foreign operations budget which, encompassing all U.S. objectives in the region, has often been the means by which Congress has expressed its views and sought to influence policy.
Date:
July 14, 2005
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Supreme Court Opinions: October 2004 Term
This report contains synopses of Supreme Court decisions issued from the beginning of the October 2004 Term through the end of the Term on June 27, 2005. Included in this listing are all cases decided by signed opinion and selected cases decided per curiam. In addition to the summary, the date of decision is indicated and cites to United States Law Week and West’s Supreme Court Reporter are provided. Following each synopsis, the vote on the Court’s holding is indicated in bold typeface, and authors of the Court’s opinion and of any concurring and dissenting opinions, along with the Justices who joined those opinions, are identified. Cases are listed alphabetically, and a subject index is appended. These synopses are prepared throughout the Term and can be accessed through the CRS Home Page ([http://www.crs.gov/reference/general/law/04_term.shtml]), which also provides links from the synopses to the full texts of the Court’s opinions.
Date:
July 27, 2005
Creator:
Costello, George
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mexican Workers in the United States: A Comparison with Workers from Social Security Totalization Countries
On June 29, 2004, the United States and Mexico signed a Social Security totalization agreement, the effects of which depend on the yet to be disclosed language of the agreement. A totalization agreement coordinates the payment of Social Security taxes and benefits for workers who divide their careers between two countries. The agreement has not been transmitted to Congress for review, which is required under law before the agreement can go into effect. This report does not attempt to estimate the potential cost of a totalization agreement with Mexico or reach a conclusion on the effects of such an agreement on U.S. workers and employers. Instead, this report explores one of the issues concerning such an agreement.
Date:
July 29, 2005
Creator:
Siskin, Alison & Mayer, Gerald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: EPA's Air Compliance Agreement
In an effort to collect scientifically credible data regarding the effect of animal agriculture on water resources (specifically animal waste and emissons from animal feeding operations (AFO), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in January 2005 announced the Air Compliance Agreement. The agreement is intended to produce air quality monitoring data on AFO emissions during a two-year study, while at the same time protecting participants through a “safe harbor” from liability under certain provisions of federal environmental laws. This report discusses the agreement and the perspectives of both its supporters and opponents.
Date:
July 12, 2005
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
This report provides information and analysis on Moldova, including its political and economic situation, foreign policy, and on U.S. policy toward Moldova.
Date:
July 27, 2005
Creator:
Woehrel, Steven
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Land Disposal Policies of the Principal Federal Land Management Agencies
The days in which the Federal Government provided cheap land for the taking are gone. Nevertheless, interest in obtaining Federal lands remains high, and it is still possible to obtain parcels of public lands under certain circumstances. The land disposal practices of the principal Federal land management agencies are summarized in this report.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
Huston, Cynthia E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prohibiting Discrimination Against Handicapped Individuals in Federally Aided Programs: Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, As Amended
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against handicapped individuals by recipients of Federal financial assistance. The first regulation implementing section 504 was promulgated by the former Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and serves as the model for other agencies. The 1978 amendments extended section 504 provisions to the executive agencies and the United States Postal Service.
Date:
July 16, 1981
Creator:
Smith, Mary F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Insanity Defense: An Overview and Legislative Proposals
This report will discuss the insanity defense as used in the federal courts. It will briefly trace the history of the evolution of that defense from its earliest formulation to the version used in the John Hinckley case, and will provide, in summary form, descriptive analysis of various pieces of Legislation to change federal law with regard to the substantive definition of the defense, the allocation of the burden of persuasion when the defense is invoked, and procedures following the successful use of the defense.
Date:
July 19, 1982
Creator:
Marion, Catherine
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monetary Policy: Recent Changes and Current Conditions
This report summarizes the current status of monetary conditions and policy. The report also describes the process though which Congress oversees monetary policy, the recent changes in the financial system which affect monetary policy, and the October 1979 changes in Federal Reserve operating procedures.
Date:
July 1, 1982
Creator:
Driscoll, David D
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The NIH Recombinant DNA Guidelines: Brief History and Current Status
This Congressional Research Service Report for Congress provides information on the history and timeline of recombinant DNA and its uses.
Date:
July 7, 1982
Creator:
Johnson, Judith A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The General Motors-Toyota Joint Venture and Its Competitive Implications
This report reviews the economics of joint ventures by focusing on their implication for market competition. It also reviews the legislative history of mergers and joint ventures with special emphasis on aspects of the law that are directed at reducing market concentration.
Date:
July 13, 1983
Creator:
Bass, Gwenell L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bank Failures: Recent Trends and Policy Options
During the 1980s the U.S. banking industry has experienced a rapidly growing number of failures. Many factors have contributed to this trend including deregulation, technology, individual bank management, and economic conditions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) handles insured bank failures. Congress has been monitoring the recent trend and is concerned with the FDIC’s ability to continue to perform its supervisory and insurance operations. The present situation, information on key factors affecting the banking industry, and the FDIC’s role when a bank fails is discussed in this report. The reference section of this issue brief contains a list of CRS products providing background on the FDIC and legislative issues relevant to the agency.
Date:
July 14, 1987
Creator:
Smale, Pauline
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Genetically Engineered Fish and Seafood
Genetic engineering techniques allow the manipulation of inherited traits to modify organisms. Genetically modified (GM) fish and seafood products are currently under development and may offer potential benefits such as increasing aquaculture productivity and addressing human health concerns. However, some critics of this rapidly evolving field are concerned that current technological and regulatory safeguards are inadequate to protect the environment and ensure public acceptance of these products. This report discusses various regulatory and environmental concerns regarding GM fish and seafood, then discusses the possible benefits and disadvantages of their use.
Date:
July 1, 2005
Creator:
Borgatti, Rachel & Buck, Eugene H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Genocide Convention
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide has been a matter of pending business before the Senate since its transmittal to that body in 1949. On May 21, 1985, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee recommended that the Senate give its advice and consent to ratification of the Convention subject to eight conditions: two reservations, five understandings, and one declaration. This report examines the differing opinions on whether and under what conditions the Senate should approve ratification of the Genocide Convention.
Date:
July 25, 1985
Creator:
Bite, Vita
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geographical Indications and WTO Negotiations
This report discusses the issue of expanding intellectual property protections for geographical indications for wines, spirits, and agricultural products is being debated in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Date:
July 14, 2003
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions
This report discusses monetary policy, which can also be defined in terms of the directives, policies, statements, and actions of the Federal Reserve, particularly those from its Board of Governors that have an effect on aggregate demand or national spending.
Date:
July 28, 2006
Creator:
Labonte, Marc & Makinen, Gail
System:
The UNT Digital Library