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Medicare: Beneficiary Cost-Sharing Under Prescription Drug Legislation (open access)

Medicare: Beneficiary Cost-Sharing Under Prescription Drug Legislation

This report provides an analysis of how the cost-sharing and premium provisions under the Prescription Drug and Medicare Improvement Act of 2003 (S. 1) and the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003 (H bill would affect the amount that a beneficiary would pay annually for prescription drugs.
Date: July 25, 2003
Creator: Peterson, Chris L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Prescription Drug Provisions of S.1, as Passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1, as Passed by the House (open access)

Medicare Prescription Drug Provisions of S.1, as Passed by the Senate, and H.R. 1, as Passed by the House

This report discusses differences in the specifics of the prescription drug provisions in S. 1 and H.R. 1 and provides a side-by-side comparison of the Title I provisions of both bills.
Date: July 11, 2003
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Support Programs and World Trade Commitments (open access)

Farm Support Programs and World Trade Commitments

Congress is now debating reauthorization of omnibus farm legislation, as most commodityprice support provisions expire in 2002. This report discusses this debate, specifically aspects relating to commitments that the U.S. has as a World Trade Organization (WTO) member. Because of the interrelationships between trade and domestic support policies, lawmakers are interested in what the Agreement on Agriculture stipulates with regard to domestic supports, and how not only the United States but also other countries are meeting their Agreement commitments.
Date: July 20, 2001
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change Treaty: The Kyoto Protocol (open access)

Global Climate Change Treaty: The Kyoto Protocol

Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specified, legally binding reductions in emissions of six "greenhouse gases." This report discusses the major provisions of the Kyoto Protocol.
Date: July 31, 1998
Creator: Fletcher, Susan R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change (open access)

Global Climate Change

This report discusses the effect of human activities on global climate change. Human activities, particularly burning of fossil fuels, have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other trace gases, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane, and nitrous oxide.
Date: July 16, 2003
Creator: Justus, John R. & Fletcher, Susan R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change Policy: Domestic Early Action Credits (open access)

Global Climate Change Policy: Domestic Early Action Credits

This report discusses the global climate change policy and proposals to allow credit for early actions to reduce emissions.
Date: July 23, 1999
Creator: Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Habitat Modification and the Endangered Species Act: The Sweet Home Decision (open access)

Habitat Modification and the Endangered Species Act: The Sweet Home Decision

This report discusses the Endangered Species Act, the regulation of the Fish and Wildlife Service defining "harm" for purposes of the "take" prohibitions of the Endangered Species Act.
Date: July 6, 1995
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela
System: The UNT Digital Library
"Mad Cow Disease" or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Scientific and Regulatory Issues (open access)

"Mad Cow Disease" or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Scientific and Regulatory Issues

This report discusses the regulatory issues regarding cattle disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and a rare, fatal human illness, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
Date: July 9, 1997
Creator: Johnson, Judith A. & Vogt, Donna U.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 108th Congress (open access)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 108th Congress

This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date: July 24, 2003
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
System: The UNT Digital Library
Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution (open access)

Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution

This report discusses the budget resolution, which provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on the annual appropriations bills, revenue measures, debt-limit legislation, reconciliation legislation (if required), and any other budgetary legislation.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Higher Education Act: Reauthorization Status and Issues (open access)

The Higher Education Act: Reauthorization Status and Issues

This report discusses the funding authorizations for programs in the Higher Education Act (HEA). This legislation, administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), authorizes the federal government’s major student aid programs, as well as other significant initiatives.
Date: July 10, 2003
Creator: Stedman, James B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals (open access)

Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals

In recent years conflicting budget priorities and divided political control have accentuated the institutional tensions between the executive and legislative branches inherent in the federal budget process. President Clinton, like his two predecessors, called for an item veto, or possibly expanded impoundment authority, to provide him with greater control over federal spending. This report provides a brief history of impoundment and discusses the debate surrounding the line item veto.
Date: July 2, 2003
Creator: McMurtry, Virginia A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
First Responder Initiative: Policy Issues and Options (open access)

First Responder Initiative: Policy Issues and Options

This report provides background information and policy analysis pertinent to proposals to restructure first responder assistance programs. Specifically, this report provides information on existing programs, appropriations, legislation in the 108th Congress, and selected policy issues. This report does not discuss all relevant policy issues, but, rather, those issues that may be germane to any significant restructuring of existing programs.
Date: July 8, 2003
Creator: Canada, Ben
System: The UNT Digital Library
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Possible Voucher Issues (open access)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Possible Voucher Issues

Congress is considering reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) program (the main federal program providing special education and related services to children with disabilities). Among the options being discussed is increasing parental choice under IDEA. This report provides background on current federal choice programs and on the Florida McKay Scholarship program, which provides scholarships for children with disabilities enrolled in the state’s public schools to attend other public schools or to attend participating private schools. The report concludes with a discussion of possible issues that a federal special education voucher program might raise.
Date: July 3, 2002
Creator: Apling, Richard N.; Jones, Nancy L. & Smole, David P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2004 Budget: A Chronology and Resource Guide with Internet Access (open access)

FY2004 Budget: A Chronology and Resource Guide with Internet Access

This report provides a select chronology and resource guide concerning congressional and presidential actions and documents pertaining to budget for FY2004, which runs from October 1, 2003 through September 30, 2004. The budget actions and documents referenced in this report relate to the President’s FY2004 budget submission, the FY2004 Congressional Budget Resolution (H.Con.Res 95), reconciliation legislation, debt-limit legislation, and FY2004 appropriation measures.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Murray, Justin
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2005 Defense Budget: Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

FY2005 Defense Budget: Frequently Asked Questions

This report is designed to provide facts and figures about the United States defense budget in order to help answer frequently asked questions about defense spending. The answers to these questions are based on analysis of recent and historical trends in the defense budget up to and including the fiscal year (FY) 2005 budget request.
Date: July 12, 2004
Creator: Chamberlin, Jeffrey
System: The UNT Digital Library
Flag Protection: A Brief History and Summary of Recent Supreme Court Decisions and Proposed Constitutional Amendment (open access)

Flag Protection: A Brief History and Summary of Recent Supreme Court Decisions and Proposed Constitutional Amendment

This report is divided into two parts. The first gives a brief history of the flag protection issue, from the enactment of the Flag Protection Act in 1968 through current consideration of a constitutional amendment. The second part briefly summarizes the two decisions of the United States Supreme Court, Texas v. Johnson and United States v. Eichman, that struck down the state and federal flag protection statutes as applied in the context punishing expressive conduct.
Date: July 18, 2001
Creator: Luckey, John R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Naming Post Offices Through Legislation (open access)

Naming Post Offices Through Legislation

This report describes how the practice of naming post offices through public law originated and how it is commonly done today. House and Senate practices for approving such legislation, and procedures followed by the U.S. Postal Service in organizing a dedication ceremony, are also described.
Date: July 3, 2003
Creator: Stevens, Nye
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Legislative Process on the House Floor: An Introduction (open access)

The Legislative Process on the House Floor: An Introduction

This report discusses the complicated body of rules, precedents, and practices that governs the legislative process on the floor of the House of Representatives.
Date: July 30, 1996
Creator: Bach, Stanley
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fast-Track Trade Negotiating Authority: A Comparison of 105th Congress Legislative Proposals (open access)

Fast-Track Trade Negotiating Authority: A Comparison of 105th Congress Legislative Proposals

This report provides a side-by-side comparison of the reported versions of H.R. 2621 and S. 1269, 105 Congress bills that would provide the President with trade negotiating authority and accord certain resulting agreements and implementing bills expedited -- or “fast-track” -- legislative consideration.
Date: July 2, 1998
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais (open access)

Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais

This report is a brief summary of House and Senate procedures for reaching agreement on legislation. It discusses the provisions of House Rule XXII and Senate Rule XXVIII as well as other applicable rules, precedents, and practices. The report focuses on the most common and customary procedures.
Date: July 16, 2003
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Flow of Business: Typical Day on the Senate Floor (open access)

Flow of Business: Typical Day on the Senate Floor

Several authorities govern the daily chamber work of the Senate: the standing rules, the “standing orders,” unanimous consent agreements, precedent, and tradition. Because these authorities have different influence at certain times, no Senate session day is truly typical. This report discusses procedures and business that usually occur every session day, and refers to certain business items that may occur less frequently.
Date: July 16, 2003
Creator: Rundquist, Paul S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons (open access)

Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons

This report summarizes the types of military tribunals that have functioned from the Revolutionary War to the present time, explaining the legislative enactments that have guided these tribunals and the judicial decisions that have reviewed their constitutionality.
Date: July 9, 2004
Creator: Fisher, Louis
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties

This report presents casualty data compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agency’s press releases.
Date: July 30, 2003
Creator: Richardson, Glenda
System: The UNT Digital Library