The phase shifts for proton-proton scattering as calculated from the one-pion exchange contribution (OPEC) alone are of some interest because they describe the scattering correctly in the high angular momentum states, and because in the lower angular momentum states the deviation from the OPEC phases is an indication of the strength of the two-pion and higher exchanges processes. The attached table gives the proton-proton nuclear-bar phase shifts as calculated from OPEC. Phase shifts and mixing parameters are given in degrees, as function of the T, the laboratory kinetic energy of the incoming protons in Mev. Phase shift and mixing parameters are listed in the angular momentum states.

The Chapman-Jouguet pressure and equation of state of the high explosives PBX 9404 and LX04-01 have been experimentally derived. To assure a strictly one-dimensional geometry, spheres of high explosives were used. Experimental measurements of the radius-time history of material accelerated by the explosive gases were used in conjunction with finite difference calculations of the hydrodynamic equations to obtain some previous inaccessible data on high explosives.

The angle errors of a rotary table can be accurately measured by stepping off the angles with an optical caliper and computing table error from (1) the error readings at each angle measured and (2) the cumulative caliper error that will be evident when the circle is closed at 360', eliminating the necessity of adjusting the caliper to the exact setting.

In this study, a physical-numerical model is used to investigate processes important for cratering, or excavation, physics for high-explosive sources in desert alluvium. High explosives do not vaporize much of the geological environment surrounding the initial cavity containing the explosive. Thus, a relatively simple, and in some cases a well-known, equation of state exists for the high-explosive cavity gas for pressure greater than 1 atmosphere. However, nuclear explosives are known to vaporize a great deal of surrounding geological environment during the early part of cavity life history. This vaporized material is believed to condense late in the life history of the cavity, and prior to vent of the cavity gas to the atmosphere, such that the latent heat of condensation plays an important role in nuclear excavation. So far, no numerical-physical models of the response of a geologic environment to a nuclear explosive includes the effect of condensation on the hydrodynamics of late times. Thus, the calculation of the cavity pressure at late times including the effect of condensation is one of the current unsolved problems in the calculation of a crater formed by nuclear explosives. This study, then, develops a predictive, numerical-physical model for H.E. sources of the cavity …

In any underground nuclear explosion, the shock front that propagates from the shot point carries with it energy from the explosion, and distributes this energy by doing work on the surrounding material. In the process, the material undergoes changes in both its physical and mechanical states. If enough energy is deposited in the material, it will vaporize or melt thus changing its physical state, or cause it to crush or crack. During the past few years, special computer codes have been developed for predicting the close-in phenomena of underground nuclear explosions using the laws of physics, and the knowledge of the properties of the materials in which the detonations occur. As a consequence, a better understanding of experimental observations and measurements has evolved.

The production of energy by nuclear reactions results in the production of radioactive nuclei. Therefore, in considering the possible utilization of nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes it is necessary to be able to predict the expected activities, their amounts, and dispositions. The amounts and kinds of radioactivities produced by detonation of a nuclear explosive are dependent upon the specific design of the explosive. The behavior and ultimate fate of the activities produced by the explosion depend on the composition of the medium in which the detonation occurs, the nature of the detonation, and the chemical species involved.

Recent underground nuclear tests conducted by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission have yielded data on the effects of contained nuclear explosions in four rock mediums: tuff, alluvium, rock salt, and granite. This report presents and compares data obtained primarily through exploratory mining and drilling into the postshot environment of 35 such events.

The effects of explosion-induced ground motion must be evaluated in planning and executing any nuclear excavation project. For some projects ground use intensity may dictate the use of less-than-optimum yields to minimize damaging effects. In remote areas, weighing the alternatives of outright purchase of some property or use of smaller yields may be required. The cost of indemnifying owners against damage must be considered in any case. Discussions of the effects of ground motion on three broad types of facilities - engineered structures, residential buildings, and equipment required for the support of nuclear excavation operations - are presented. A method of predicting the response of single- and multi-storied buildings, the response spectrum technique, is discussed, with emphasis on the application of explosion-induced spectra.

In November 1952 an event took place which was to have a profound effect on political alignments of the world. This event was the detonation of "Mike", the first large thermonuclear device. The political implications of this experiment overshadowed what has come to be a major advance in the development of scientific tools; the experimentally verified, extremely high thermal neutron flux observed in Mike. Subsequent to this observation, the Atomic Energy Commission established a study program to investigate this particular characteristic of nuclear devices. Under the program, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, have studied the mechanisms of high fluxes, capture systematics, general stability characteristics, and more specifically, nuclear design to accomplish this massive neutron irradiation. Utilization of these greatly increased fluxes can be expected to significantly advance understanding in many fields.

Work performed during the quarter is summarized by: direct measurement of fission gas pressure, loop operations, performance of UO2 fuel, UO2 grain growth and melting studies.

A fraction of the energy released by the underground detonation of nuclear explosives is locally deposited as residual thermal energy. An accurate prediction of this usable fraction of the energy released is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of several of the proposed projects in the Plowshare Program. This paper will present a summary of the available data on residual thermal energy from nuclear detonations in three different geological media: tuff, halite, and granodiorite.

The increasing exponential function e-at [a > 0] characterizes such natural events as gas discharges, neutron multiplication, and the transistor avalanche phenomenon. This report describes an instrument for measuring the rate of rise, a, of an increasing electrical exponential signal.

Uranium carbide shows promise as a fuel material for reactors operating at relatively high temperatures based on its high melting point, high uranium density and high thermal conductivity. Before refined reactor designs can be made, however, good quantitative data on the thermal conductivity at temperatures in excess of 1000C is required. This technical report presents data gathered as part of a continuing study aimed at determining the thermal conductivity of refractory uranium fuels as a function of temperature, density and composition over the temperature range 1000-2200C. At the inception of this program it was felt that an absolute method capable of achieving high temperatures was necessary and that the difficulties encountered in fabricating the large complex specimens needed were justified. The steady state radial heat flow method and apparatus of Rasor and McClelland were therefore chosen. The technical report discusses the experimental equipment and presents results of measurements on three specimens of UC over a temperature range 900 to 1600C. An analysis of the data is made with respect to other physical properties of the material and the measured conductivities are compared with the work of other investigators.

Experimental data supporting lower valence halides of scandium were not found in the literature. Our investigation was of the phase diagram of the ScCl3-Sc system, and also the vapor pressure-composition isotherm (at 960 degree) for this system. Investigation of the ScCl3-Sc system presented particular difficulties in comparison with analogous systems for rare earth elements in that ScCl3 is highly volatile (boiling pt. = 967 degree); according to our data the vapor pressure is 512 mm Hg measured at 960 degree C. Furthermore, ScCl3 and its vapors react vigorously with quartz. Because of the mentioned extent of reaction in a quartz ampule, the inside was covered with a solid layer of metallic molybdenum for use with relatively large batches of ScCl3.

The linear thermal expansion of thirteen tungsten carbide cermets with cobalt binder was investigated experimentally over the temperature range from 68 to 1800 F. Cobalt contents varied from 2.5 to 60 per cent. Several compositions included additions of mixed carbides of titanium, tantalum, and columbium. The experimentally observed coefficients of thermal expansion for the various compositions were compared with coefficients analytically computed from the coefficients for the constituents. Three such analytical methods were evaluated. In one method, the coefficient of expansion of the mixture was computed by volume fractions and in a second method by weight fractions. In the third method, the computation accounted for the stresses set up in the mixture by the difference in thermal expansion of the carbide skeleton and the cobalt binder. The expansions of all these cermets agreed with the values computed by weight fractions or by the stress method within 12 per cent, and by volume fractions within 28 per cent. The cermets containing less than one per cent mixed carbides agreed with the expansion computed either by weight fractions or by stress within 8 per cent, the cermets containing more than five per cent mixed carbides agreed with values computed by volume fractions …

Work performed during the quarter is summarized by direct measurement of fission gas pressure, loop operations, performance of UO2 fuel.

None

The Fuel Cycle Program is an integrated program of investigation in the Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor and other facilities to improve the technological limits of boiling water reactors in several areas. Progress is reported here.

"A linearized three component MHD theory is given. The three components are two oppositely charged species and a neutral species. Linearized macroscopic equations are presented which in the limit of vanishing magnet field reduce to fluid dynamical equations, and in the limit of vanishing neutral components is frictional. In addition the sound speed that enters is a function of three equilibrium densities. These equations yield a dispersion relation which is tenth order in the wave speed. The decay frequencies of all ten modes are calculated to first order terms in the friction, and are found to be all isotropic."

This report covers the S-I-5-B-M fuel irradiation in the GETR Maritime Loop during the third quarter of fiscal year 1962. The data are summarized in Section II. Discussions on fuel performance, fuel environment (water chemistry), and loop operations are included.

Presented herein is a philosophy for designing wideband multistage transistor amplifiers. The amplifier is visualized as an integral unit, the interstage networks constituting the elements of the amplifier unit. By designing the amplifier as a unit and adjusting the overall response (gain and bandwidth) with the interstage time constants, an increase in gain-bandwidth product is realized over the iteratively designed amplifiers. The resulting increase in gain-bandwidth product results from absence of the bandwidth shrinkage factor for multistage amplifiers. Formulas are derived for both a two- and three-transistor integrally designed wideband amplifier, in which shunt peaking networks are used for coupling. Experimental amplifiers were constructed following these formulas, and the observed performance agreed quite well with the calculations.

The design status of the Experimental Fast Ceramic Reactor (EFCR) is described for the period up to October 31, 1961. The primary purpose of the facility is to study the dynamic behavior of a fast ceramic reactor, including the experimental demonstration of the effectiveness of the Doppler coefficient in limiting the power excursion following a rapid insertion of reactivity.

This report reviews aspects of experimental and clinical research performed in the investigation on the pathogenesis and recovery of bone marrow injury caused by total body irradiation.

The problem of crystal structure of the martensitic B1 phase of the eutectic alloy in the Cu-Al system still requires a more accurate clarification (Hun ger and Dienst 1960, Tarora 1949). Martensitic phases in general are formed through small thrust (shear) deformations of the original lattice. On this basis the results of Hunger and Dienst (1960) are doubtful, since the lattice constants found by them have required a considerable reclassification. From the known lattice constants of the B1 phase (Tarora, 1949) and the orientation relationships of the B1 phase (Wassermann, 1934) one has expected a hexagonal lattice for the martensitic phase with [formula].