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Air Quality Standards and Sound Science: What Role for CASAC?
This report discusses the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which are standards that define what EPA considers to be clean air. Their importance stems from the long and complicated implementation process that is set in motion by their establishment.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress
Alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles are seen by proponents as integral to improving urban air quality, decreasing dependence on foreign oil, and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. However, major barriers—especially economics—currently prevent the widespread use of these fuels and technologies. The 112th Congress has debated alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles directly and as it has addressed other key topics. On June 16, 2011 the Senate approved S.Amdt. 476 which would have eliminated the excise tax credit for blending ethanol in gasoline before its December 31, 2011 expiration date. Although the underlying legislation failed a cloture vote in the Senate, the amendment was approved 73-27. The prospects for further action increasing or extending biofuels and alternative fuels tax incentives may be limited in light of that vote.
Date:
January 19, 2012
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Army Corps of Engineers Water Resource Projects: Authorization and Appropriations
This report provides an overview of the Army Corps of Engineers civil works program. It covers the congressional authorization and appropriation process, the standard project development process, and other Corps activities and authorities. It also includes an Appendix on the evolution of Corps civil works missions and authorities and a description of the limits on the Corps' role in levee accreditation and improvements for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Date:
January 19, 2011
Creator:
Carter, Nicole T. & Stern, Charles V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
On April 6, 2006, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released a final rulemaking for sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light duty trucks beginning with model year (MY) 2008. The rule restructures the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program for light trucks to establish standards based upon vehicle size, as opposed to the current program with one average standard for all light trucks. It marks a significant change to the CAFE program for trucks.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D. & Bamberger, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Avoiding Gridlock in the Skies: Issues and Options for Addressing Growth in Air Traffic
The report discusses the factors affecting airport and airspace capacity, Impact of Under-capacity on flight Operations and Impact on congestion on aviation safety.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Elias, Bart
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brownfields Tax Incentive Extension
This report discusses the brownfields tax incentive, which expires on December 31, 2007. Enacted in 1997, the provision allowed a taxpayer to fully deduct the costs of environmental cleanup in the year the costs were incurred, rather than spreading the costs over a period of years.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Reisch, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Committee Responses to Reconciliation Directives
This report examines the timing of certain stages of the budget reconciliation process and the extent to which the submission due date included in a reconciliation instruction is a predictor for the timing of committee response. Specifically, it provides information on the dates by which committees have been directed to respond to reconciliation directives and the timing of House and Senate committees in responding to such directives in the past 14 Congresses (101st-114th Congresses).
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
Lynch, Megan S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress such as: Arctic sovereignty claims; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic that could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition.
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congress and the Budget: 2016 Actions and Events
This report seeks to assist in (1) anticipating what federal budget-related actions might occur within the year 2016, and (2) staying abreast of budget actions that occur this year. It provides a general description of the recurrent types of budgetary actions, and reflects on current events that unfold in each category during 2016. In addition, it includes information on certain events that may affect Congress's work on the budget, such as the President's budget request and the Congressional Budget Office's budget and economic outlook.
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
Driessen, Grant A. & Lynch, Megan S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Constitutional Analysis of Suspicionless Drug Testing Requirements for the Receipt of Governmental Benefits
This report gives an overview of the issues related to federal or state laws that condition the initial or ongoing receipt of governmental benefits on passing drug tests. These regulations are vulnerable to constitutional challenge, most often due to issues of personal privacy and Fourth Amendment protections against "unreasonable searches."
Date:
January 19, 2012
Creator:
Carpenter, David H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Credit Scores: Credit-Based Insurance Scores
None
Date:
January 19, 2005
Creator:
Webel, Baird
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Debt Limit Since 2011
This report discusses the U.S. government's debt limit and the various extensions of it since 2011.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Austin, D. Andrew
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Defense's Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background, Analysis, and Options for Congress
This report examines current private security contractor (PSC) trends in Iraq and Afghanistan, steps Department of Defense (DOD) has taken to improve oversight and management, and the extent to which DOD has incorporated the role of security contractors into its doctrine and strategy. It also reviews steps Congress has taken to exercise oversight over the use of PSCs and includes options for Congress.
Date:
January 19, 2010
Creator:
Schwartz, Moshe
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Displacing Coal with Generation from Existing Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants
This report provides an overview of the issues involved in displacing coal-fired generation with electricity from existing and underutilized natural gas plants in order to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions from coal plants is a focus of many proposals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
Date:
January 19, 2010
Creator:
Kaplan, Stan M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DNA Testing for Law Enforcement: Legislative Issues for Congress
None
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
James, Nathan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Early Childhood Education: Preschool Participation, Program Efficacy, and Federal Policy Issues
This report examines what we currently know about preprimary programs, including numbers of children served and their family characteristics; as well as data on the efficacy of preprimary programs in enhancing later learning and other life skills. It also discusses federal programs that serve preschool age children are described, and policy issues which may arise as the federal role in early childhood education.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
McCallion, Gail
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Response: Civil Liability of Volunteer Health Professionals
This report discusses the patchwork of federal and state laws that operate to protect volunteers, which can include volunteer health professionals (VHPs), and those laws that trigger liability protection only for VHPs — with a focus on some of the midwestern states in addition to the Gulf region.
Date:
January 19, 2011
Creator:
Chu, Vivian S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers
This report serves as a primer on the European Union and provides a brief description of U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the 114th Congress.
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Taxes: A Description of Current Law
This report contains an explanation of the major provisions of the federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes. The discussion divides the federal estate tax into three components: the gross estate, deductions from the gross estate, and computation of the tax, including allowable tax credits. The federal estate tax is computed through a series of adjustments and modifications of a tax base known as the "gross estate." Certain allowable deductions reduce the gross estate to the "taxable estate," to which is then added the total of all lifetime taxable gifts made by the decedent. The tax rates are applied and, after reduction for certain allowable credits, the amount of tax owed by the estate is reached.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Migrant Education Program as Amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
This report describes the legislative and funding history of the program -- highlighting important changes made since it was established. A section on evaluations of the program is included at the end of the report.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Kuenzi, Jeffrey J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal R&D Funding Under a Continuing Resolution
This report expressed growing concerns about America's ability to compete in the technological global market place.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Davey, Michael E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Fight Against Al Shabaab in Somalia in 2016
This report discusses current efforts to counter Al Shabaab, a Somalia-based Al Qaeda affiliate.
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
Blanchard, Lauren P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Food Biotechnology in the United States: Science, Regulation, and Issues
This report discusses the science of food biotechnology, and the federal structure by which it is regulated. Because U.S. farmers are adopting this technology at a rapid rate, some observers advocate a more active role for the federal government to ensure that farmers have equal access to this technology. Others believe that federal officials should play a more active role in protecting the environment, funding more research, and participating in international trade negotiations to ensure that trade continues to expand for genetically engineered crops. Trading partners often label food products that have been genetically modified as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Many of those partners have labeling requirements for GMOs to allow consumers the “right to know” their food content.
Date:
January 19, 2001
Creator:
Vogt, Donna U. & Parish, Mickey
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GAO Bid Protests: An Overview of Time Frames and Procedures
This report provides an overview of the time frames and procedures in a Government Accountability Office (GAO) bid protest, including (1) what issues can be protested with GAO; (2) who can file or be a party to a GAO protest; (3) the procedures for bringing and resolving GAO protests; (4) the time frames involved in GAO protests; (5) the automatic stay of contract award or performance triggered by a GAO protest, as well as the basis for agency overrides of automatic stays and judicial review of agency override determinations; (6) the basis and effects of GAO decisions; and (7) reconsideration and "appeal" of GAO decisions.
Date:
January 19, 2016
Creator:
Manuel, Kate M. & Schwartz, Moshe
System:
The UNT Digital Library