The present experiment is designed to test certain hypotheses made concerning the nature of conditioning in a verbal operant paradigm, and the relationship of such conditioning with awareness of contingencies.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the 1959 revision of the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS) with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for use as a psychometric instrument for determining the mental ability of mentally retarded male children.

The present study is an attempt to determine which of several different types of reinforcers is most effective in discrimination learning using institutionalized mentally retarded boys of different intellectual levels as subjects. If one type of reinforcement works more effectively in conditioning one level of institutionalized mentally retarded subject, then that type of reinforcement could be used to greater advantage in controlling behavior than some other, less effective kind of reinforcer.

It has not yet been demonstrated that music can be used therapeutically with profoundly retarded children. One way these children might be helped to respond to music, and therapeutically benefit from it, would be to use operant conditioning in an effort to enhance gross motor activity and then progressively shape responses until more complex behavior patterns are formed. Once these children can respond motorically in the presence of musical stimuli, continuation of responding may be possible by pairing motor activity with musical stimuli. This experiment investigated the effects of operant conditioning and music on the motor activity of profoundly retarded children in an effort to determine the therapeutic usefulness of music with such children.

The design of this experiment was developed to investigate the presence of success-striving and failure-avoidant motivational patterns in the level of aspiration behavior of retarded subjects. The primary objective of this study is to show that success-strivers are present in mentally retarded groups, even if in the minority.

This study was concerned with the differences between two types of prisoners on a personality dimension and differences between these prison groups an a non-prison population. The impetus for this study stemmed from the development of a new test designed to scientifically measure the Freudian concept of the personality structures, the id, ego, and superego.

The purpose of the present study was to develop further a semistructured nonverbal projective test to measure juvenile delinquency proneness. The goal in developing this test was to have a measure which would be free of the many limitations found in existing tests and scales of this nature.

Previous studies on retardates with rigidity of boundaries phenomena have not been concerned with the presence of brain injury. The primary objective of this experiment was to ascertain the degree of difference in rigidity between brain injured and non-brain injured retardates.

The study to be reported was designed to investigate the effects of verbal praise and reproof, from persons in authority, on the LOA and subsequent performance of institutionalized defectives.

The purpose of this study is to get some concrete evidence that group principles can be applied to church groups in an effective manner. The more immediate purpose is to improve the relations in the individual classes so that they will have a feeling of belongingness, relatedness, or close affiliation. It is the purpose of this experiment to help these individuals find the fulfillment of their personal needs that can be supplied in the Sunday School class.

This study was undertaken in the belief that students of psychology possess a significantly greater degree of empathic ability than do students of other college majors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any significant difference in empathic ability between psychology students and business students as a group.

It is the basic assumption of this study that a relationship exists between the interpersonal needs of inclusion, control, and affection and occupational choice as indicated by college major. Studies in the area of vocational choice have largely dealt with people who are practicing the vocation, leaving doubt as to whether people are attracted to the vocation as a result of need-satisfaction behavior, or whether the people determine their orientation by practicing the occupation. The need for further clarification of these questions was recognized, and this study was an effort to add to the evidence for or against the validity of the concept of interpersonal need satisfaction as a factor in vocational choice.