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The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union (EU), an economic and political partnership between 27 sovereign member states. The report describes the formation of the EU, the three main institutions of the EU, and the EU's relationship with the United States.
Date: November 5, 2010
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union (EU), an economic and political partnership between 27 sovereign member states. The report describes the formation of the EU, the three main institutions of the EU, and the EU's relationship with the United States.
Date: January 24, 2011
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty (open access)

The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty

This report provides information on the Lisbon Treaty and possible U.S.-EU implications that may be of interest to the 112th Congress.
Date: February 8, 2011
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy (open access)

European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy

Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU’s arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
Date: May 27, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin; Grimmett, Richard F. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States (open access)

Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States

The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. - EU Poultry Dispute (open access)

U.S. - EU Poultry Dispute

This report discusses the European Union (EU) refusal to accept U.S. imports of poultry treated with antimicrobial rinses. Prior to 1997, when the prohibition took effect, U.S. exports of broiler and turkey meat to the 15 countries that then constituted the EU were reported to total nearly 32,000 MT with a value of $44.4 million.
Date: February 4, 2009
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Energy Security Challenges (open access)

The European Union's Energy Security Challenges

This report examines some of Europe's critical energy security challenges and EU efforts to coordinate a common European energy strategy. It also includes an overview of broader transatlantic energy security cooperation and will be updated as needed.
Date: January 30, 2008
Creator: Belkin, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (open access)

EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude

This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship for members of the 112th Congress as they contemplate the costs and benefits of closer U.S. economic ties with the EU. It examines the economic and political framework of the relationship and the scope and magnitude of the ties based on data from various sources. In addition, the report analyzes the implications these factors have for U.S. economic policy toward the EU.
Date: January 27, 2011
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (open access)

EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude

This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
Date: April 15, 2005
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States (open access)

The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States

This report discusses the free trade agreement (FTA) between South Korea and the European Union (EU). It looks at various aspects of the South Korea-EU FTA (KOREU FTA) including economic ties, trade strategies, and an overview of the key provisions of the agreement focusing on manufactured goods, agriculture, services, and various other provisions of particular interest to U.S. policymakers and the U.S. business community. The report also gives an analysis of the potential economic imact of the KOREU FTA and potential implications of the agreement for the United States.
Date: June 16, 2011
Creator: Cooper, William H.; Jurenas, Remy; Platzer, Michaela D. & Manyin, Mark E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States (open access)

The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States

This report is designed to shed some light on the KOREU FTA for Congress.4 It briefly reviews EU-South Korean economic ties and the respective EU and South Korean objectives regarding the KOREU FTA. It then discusses the KOREU FTA in general and examines some of its major provisions in more detail, with special focus on autos and some other manufacturing sectors, agriculture, services, and labor-areas of particular interest to U.S. policymakers and the U.S. business community. The report does not attempt to determine if one FTA is better than the other. Finally, the report analyzes the prospects for the KOREU FTA and the agreement's potential implications for the United States.
Date: May 3, 2011
Creator: Cooper, William H.; Jurenas, Remy; Platzer, Michaela D. & Manyin, Mark E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda (open access)

World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda

This report discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, begun in November 2001, which has entered its 11th year. The report includes background on Doha and the significance fo the negotiations as well as a breakdown of issues on the Doha agenda and the role of the Congress.
Date: December 12, 2011
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis (open access)

European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis

This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union’s current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
Date: March 1, 2005
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F. & Papademetriou, Theresa
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: November 17, 2005
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: March 10, 2006
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Agricultural Policy (open access)

Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Agricultural Policy

This report compares current United States and European Union (EU) efforts in the area of green payments. Green payments refer to "payments made to agricultural producers as compensation for environmental benefits that accrue at levels beyond what producers might otherwise achieve under existing market and regulatory conditions" (summary). The report gives an overview of policies, programs, financing, and various other aspects of comparison related to the topic.
Date: November 22, 2005
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E. & Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Background and Key Issues (open access)

The Proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Background and Key Issues

The proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a new agreement for combating intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement. The ACTA negotiation concluded in October 2010, nearly three years after it began, and negotiating parties released a final text of the agreement in May 2011. Negotiated by the United States, Australia, Canada, the European Union and its 27 member states, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, and Switzerland, the ACTA is intended to build on the IPR protection and enforcement obligations set forth in the 1995 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement).
Date: March 1, 2012
Creator: Ilias, Shayerah
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Financial Crisis: Impact on and Response by the European Union (open access)

The Financial Crisis: Impact on and Response by the European Union

According to the most recent National Threat Assessment, the global financial crisis and its geopolitical implications pose the primary near-term security concern of the United States. Over the short run, both the EU and the United States are attempting to resolve the financial crisis while stimulating domestic demand to stem the economic downturn. These efforts have born little progress so far as the economic recession and the financial crisis have become reinforcing events, causing EU governments to forge policy responses to both crises. This report discusses this situation in detail and also discusses individual efforts by both the U.S. and EU to combat the effects of the crisis.
Date: June 24, 2009
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (open access)

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

This report provides a background of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) financial crisis and the issues for Congress.
Date: July 27, 2012
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (open access)

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

This report provides a background of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), financial crisis and the issues for Congress.
Date: May 25, 2012
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (open access)

Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme

This report looks at how the European Union Emission Trading Scheme's coverage of carbon emission from commercial flights affects air carriers from the United States and other countries.
Date: March 7, 2012
Creator: Leggett, Jane A.; Elias, Bart & Shedd, Daniel T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (open access)

Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme

This report looks at how the European Union Emission Trading Scheme's coverage of carbon emission from commercial flights affects air carriers from the United States and other countries.
Date: June 11, 2012
Creator: Leggett, Jane A.; Elias, Bart & Shedd, Daniel T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (open access)

Aviation and the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme

This report looks at how the European Union Emission Trading Scheme's coverage of carbon emission from commercial flights affects air carriers from the United States and other countries.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Leggett, Jane A.; Elias, Bart & Shedd, Daniel T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Turkey: Situation Update (open access)

Turkey: Situation Update

This report briefly discusses recent political, economic, and security issues in Turkey, especially relating to Turkey's relationship with Greece, the European Union, and the United States.
Date: September 12, 1997
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library