This comparative study assesses the state of democracy and examines the process of democratization in the Arab World between the years 1980-1993. It addresses shortcomings in the mainstream democracy literature that excluded the Arab World from the global democratic revolution on political cultural grounds. To fulfil the objectives of this study, I employ both the qualitative and quantitative research approaches to test a number of hypothesized relationships. I hypothesize that transition to democracy is negatively associated with economic development, militarism, U.S. foreign policy, the political economy of oil, and dependency. I contend that emerging civil society institutions so far have had no significant effect on democratization in the Arab World. Finally, I hypothesize that the level of democracy in the Arab World is influenced greatly by the issue of civil rights. In order to investigate the hypothesized relationships, the following data sets have been used: Gastil's Freedom House Data set, "Repression and Freedom in the 1980s" data set, and Vanhanen's 1990 data set. The findings of this study support the aforementioned hypothesized relationships. I find that Arab countries, in general have made modest progress toward democracy, making the Arab World part of the global revolution.

This study assumes that political terrorism results from conscious decision-making by groups opposing a governing system, policy or process. The kinds of terrorist activity employed depend upon such factors as the philosophy, goals, objectives, and needs of the terrorist group. This presents a comparative analysis of three types of terrorists in southwest Asia: Palestinians, Marxist-Leninists, and Muslims. The first section summarizes and compares the three groups' motivational causes, philosophies, histories and sources of inspiration. The second section compares their behavior from four perspectives: trends and patterns, level of violence, tactical preferences, and lethality. The third section identifies and categorizes socioeconomic, political and military variables associated with tactic selection and acts of terrorism.

This report discusses the political future of various countries in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region. A change in the leadership in these countries could significantly affect their policies toward the United States and their willingness to cooperate with the United States in achieving the stability needed to advance U.S. interests in this important region.

The main objective of this research is to test some of the hypotheses linking economic development, social mobilization, legitimacy, and the coerciveness of the regime with internal political conflict. Each proposed hypothesis is to be tested across sixteen predominantly Islamic Middle Eastern nations for data from two time periods, 1960-66 and 1967-73. To check for the consistency and strength of the hypothesized relationships the test results for each hypothesis for the first period data will be compared with those of the second period.

This booklet is the fifth unit of a training course developed for Air Reserve personnel about the armed forces of non-communist countries. This unit discusses the Middle East and North Africa. It includes background information, review questions, and a list of readings for further study.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about White house which announce that president Nixon will visit Syria, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Jordan during his middle East trip beginning June 12th.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about middle East fighting which ended four days ago.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Saudi Arabia' s interior minister who leads a high level Arab delegation to the White house.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who spent the day at his Camp David retreat reviewing briefing material for his trip to the Middle East.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who left Andrews Air Force base on the first leg of the trip that will take him to five middle East nations.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who has named an official party which is headed by secretary Henry Kissinger to accompany him on his ten day trip to Europe and the Middle East.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who is enrouting to Cairo where Egyptian president Sadat has prepared an enthusiastic welcome.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of five Arab gunmen who are holding four hostages abroad a Syrian aircrafts surrendered to authorities in Kuwait ending a four-day drama that stretched from Paris to the Middle East.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of five Palestinian terrorists who are holding 15 hostages in the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Paris have accepted an offer from the president of Syria to put a plane at their disposal.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Egypt' s semi official newspaper who gave another indication that Saudi Arabia considered the key to the Arab oil embargo against the U. S which is in favor of resuming oil shipments to America.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of five pro-Palestinian terrorists threatened to throw six Arab hostages out of an airborne Kuwait jetliner over Saudi Arabia. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee opens its hearings on the nomination of Henry Kissinger to be secretary of state.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of a half-dozen Palestinian terrorists who still hold 12 hostages at the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Paris and threaten to kill them if demands are not met.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Henry Kissinger's Middle East shuttle which is back in business.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who leaves for a five nation tour of the middle East with a brief stopover in Salzburg to adjust to the time zone changes and meet with the chancellor of Austria.