Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.

In a security alliance since 2004 and "strategic partners" since 2006, the United States and Pakistan for decades experienced major shifts in the nature and tone of their relations. In the post- 9/11 period, assisting in the creation of a more stable, democratic, and prosperous Pakistan actively combating religious militancy has been among the most important U.S. foreign policy efforts. Pakistan is among the leading recipients of U.S. aid in the post-9/11 period, having been appropriated about $24 billion in assistance and military reimbursements since 2001. FY2013 legislation in the 112th Congress would cut U.S. assistance funding significantly from both the levels requested by the Administration and from those Congress approved for FY2012. Provisions also would introduce more rigorous restrictions and certification requirements on such aid. With anti-American sentiments and xenophobic conspiracy theories rife among ordinary Pakistanis, persistent economic travails and a precarious political setting combine to present serious challenges to U.S. decision makers.

This report provides data regarding the direct overt U.S. aid appropriations and military reimbursements to Pakistan.

In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the military-dominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country’s nuclear proliferation activities, The 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two longstanding dilemmas concerning U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in an often strained security relationship spanning more than five decades, U.S. and Pakistani national security objectives have seldom been congruent. Pakistan has viewed the alliance primarily in the context of its rivalry with India, whereas American policymakers have viewed it from the perspective of U.S. global security interests.

Recording of an elicitation of the names of household items in Mankiyali based on English words used as prompts. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

This is a recording of an elicitation of several postpositions in Mankiyali, using English words and sentences as prompts. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

Recording of an elicitation of the names of different animals in Mankiyali. The words are provided in English as prompts and the native speakers provide the equivalents in Mankiyali. Some of the words in the list exhibit lexical tone. The contributor is Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

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