In October 2002, the United States confronted North Korea about its alleged clandestine uranium enrichment program. Soon after, the Agreed Framework collapsed, North Korea expelled international inspectors, and withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in developing longer range missiles.

Pakistan - a key U.S. ally in global efforts to combat Islamist militancy - is in urgent need of an estimated $4 billion in capital to avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. The elected government of President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani is seeking short-term financial assistance from a number of sources, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), China, and an informal group of nations (including the United States) known as the "Friends of Pakistan." The current crisis has placed some strain on U.S.-Pakistan relations.

This report discusses Pakistan's efforts to produce fissile material and other issues related to nuclear proliferation and improving its nuclear arsenal. It also discusses the steps Pakistan has taken to increase international confidence in its nuclear security. However, continued instability in Pakistan has caused some to question the effectiveness of its nuclear security reforms. The report addresses these issues as well, in addition to the U.S.-Pakistan relationship as it regards nuclear policy.

A brief listing of major arms sales and grants made to Pakistan since 2001.

Recording of Farman Khan and Group singing the song "Jowane Gamburi Niyan," in the Yasin dialect of Burushaski.

Recording of Muneeb Dawar narrating the story "Barashale Qaan Zrakun" ('mythical donkey of Barashal') in the Hunza dialect of Burushaski.

Recording of Basharat Shafi reciting "jaa Alchin cum Mathan," a romantic poem in the Yasin dialect of Burushaski.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.

Recording of an elicitation of sentences demonstrating the use of conjunction and coordination in Mankiyali. English and Urdu sentences were used as prompts. Throughout the elicitation, discussion of the data takes place between the speakers and the researcher. The speakers also recall several other stories/events in this session. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

This is a discussion between Taj Nisa (a 49-year old female) and Saleh Noor (a 50-year old female). Taj Nisa talks about the likes and dislikes in her life.

This is a discussion between Taj Nisa (a 49-year old female) and Saleh Noor (a 50-year old female). Taj Nisa talks about the likes and dislikes in her life.

This is a conversation between Taj Nisa (a 49-year old female) and Nargis Bibi (a 40-year old female) about their eye surgery when they both get operated.

This is a conversation between Taj Nisa (a 49-year old female) and Nargis Bibi (a 40-year old female) about their eye surgery when they both get operated.