Se Enkhbayar (b. 1956) is one of the most important contemporary Mongolian composers in China. His choral tone poem, Önchin Botog, integrates the traditional Mongolian musical elements Urtiin Duu (long song) and Khöömii (throat singing) with modern choral music and is one of the most representative works in the genre of modern Mongolian choral music. The purpose of this study is to provide a performance guidance for non-Mongolian musicians on Se Enkhbayar's work, Önchin Botog, by presenting his biographical and cultural backgrounds, discussing the use of traditional Mongolian singing styles, special rhythmic patterns (horse-step rhythm) and Chinese pentatonic scales. For conductors, this guide can shorten preparation time by providing musical analysis for artistic interpretation and practical points for sound effect creation. For solo singers, this guide will enable a Bel Canto singer to sing Urtiin Duu in Mongolian singing style. For Khöömii singers, this guide provides supplementary practical suggestions.

This report outlines the strategic direction of the energy sector to meet its growing energy demand in an environmentally-sustainable manner over the next two decades, and presents a pathway of policy frameworks and financing mechanisms to get there. This study found that large-scale deployment of energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies can simultaneously stabilize East Asia’s CO2 emissions by 2025 and significantly improve the local environment and enhance energy security, without compromising economic growth.

Map shows deserts and cities across Independent and Chinese Tartary. Includes geographical notes. Scale not given.

Map shows late eighteenth century boundaries, regions, and cities of Russian Siberia and Tartarie, Grand Tartarie, Persia, and parts of China and India. Includes text in two panels flanking left and right of map. Scale not given.

Map shows "Indostan" [central and upper India] and Bengal, and adjacent areas of Persia, the Tartan empire, and China. Includes illustrations of ships and elephants. Relief shown pictorially. Scale [ca. 1:7,000,000].

Map shows Asia from Russia, Persia, and the Caspian Sea to the west and China, Korea, Japan, the "Mongul. Tendvc," and the "Mare Glaciale" to the east; shows pictorial Great Wall of China. Relief shown pictorially. Scale not given.