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NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis (open access)

European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis

This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union’s current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
Date: March 1, 2005
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F. & Papademetriou, Theresa
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: May 12, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: January 4, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy (open access)

European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy

Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU’s arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
Date: May 27, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin; Grimmett, Richard F. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: January 3, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States (open access)

Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States

The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: November 17, 2005
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: March 10, 2006
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Agricultural Policy (open access)

Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Agricultural Policy

This report compares current United States and European Union (EU) efforts in the area of green payments. Green payments refer to "payments made to agricultural producers as compensation for environmental benefits that accrue at levels beyond what producers might otherwise achieve under existing market and regulatory conditions" (summary). The report gives an overview of policies, programs, financing, and various other aspects of comparison related to the topic.
Date: November 22, 2005
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E. & Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. Monday, March 15, 1943 : week of March 5 to March 12, 183rd week of the war, 65th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, Air offensive, Unrest (France, Belgium, Norway), Southwest Pacific, Tunisia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Russia, Tunisia. Includes photographs: Convoy to Russia; American tank in Russia; Joint Assignment; Airborne engineers; Shower bath - desert style. Back: Learn to recognize these vehicles (half-track vehicles). Labelled illustrations of American, Canadian and German vehicles with a quick guide to features for comparison.
Date: March 15, 1943
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. Monday, June 8, 1942 : week of May 29 to June 5

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Cologne and Essen flattened -- Tiny subs find Sydney ready -- the Japanese "save face" -- Army of 4 1/2 million for '42 -- Mexico welcomed into war -- Rommel's forces turned -- Hitler's hangman dies -- Poison gas used in China -- Armies shift in Russia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Libyan battle, Dutch Harbor, Axis drives and British attacks at Libyan; Unalaska Is.; Unalaska Bay. Includes photographs: Producing the big seacoast rifles; Red gound defense on the Russian front; Nazis' Focke-Wulf 190 fighter; Yanks saw a motor show put on by Aussies; 4-motored Stirling bombers used over Cologne. Back: Enemy Tanks Are Vulnerable. Includes 10 photographs with descriptive text below each.
Date: June 8, 1942
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. Monday, October 11, 1943 : week of September 30 to October 7, 213th week of the war, 95th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Aegean Sea, Italy, Corsica, Russia, Norway, Southwest Pacific, Air offensive. Maps show Greece and Turkey, Eastern front, Central Italy. Includes photographs: Soldier killed by booby-trap, "Battleship X" is the USS South Dakota, Brenner Pass, Resting American soldiers following a battle in Munda. Back: Typical German infantry regiment. Illustration shows regiment. Text gives detailed description of Regimental Headquarters Company, Battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Battalions, Infantry and Motorized Companies.
Date: October 11, 1943
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. Monday, January 10, 1944 : week of December 29, 1943 to January 5, 1944, 226th week of the war, 108th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: U.S.S.R., Southwest Pacific, Italy, Air offensive Maps: Central Italy, Rumania/Poland, New Britain Island./ Inset maps: Cassino region; Chieti region. Photographs: Delivering supplies to troops in Central Italy, Gen. Eisenhower with Sir Charles Poetal and Sir Arthur Tedder after the Tehran conference, Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, and Gen. Sir Alan Brooke inspect Nazi prisoners on the Italian front in New Zealand; Germans prepare to evacuate the Crimea, Landing craft are protected by B-25 medium bombers at Arawe. Back: Illustration and photographs show the many ways Army nurses serve.
Date: January 10, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Orientation Course.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 233rd week of the war, 115th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Central Pacific, Southwest Pacific, Air war, Burma, USSR. Maps show air attacks from London to various sites in Germany; New Ireland; south Pacific; Truk Is. Includes photographs: "Island forts", Marine corps set up radio telephone sets at Roi Island, Leathernecks set up machine guns immediately upon landing, All-Negro Ninety-Ninth Fighter Squadron at Anzio, German prisoners disembark from an LST to a prison camp, wounded female Jugoslav guerillas arrive in Malta, General Sir Harold Alexander chats with Yank rangers near Cisterno. Back: Text states "In Mein Kampf, Hitler stated that his plan was to destroy France first, then England, after which he would have the United States cornered without a fight!."
Date: February 28, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Morale Services Division. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 259th week of the war, 141st week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : France, Eastern front, Japan, Marianas, Southwest Pacific, China, Southeast Asia, Italy. Maps: France, Europe, Southwest Japan. Back: One way to "blow your top"--but for good--is to be booby-trapped. Text and illustration urge soldiers to avoid booby-traps by exercising care and remaining suspicious.
Date: August 28, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 262nd week of the war, 144th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : France, Eastern front, Philippines, Italy, China. Maps: Europe; Where American 3rd and 7th armies joined forces [France-Germany]; Central Asia: China attacks/Jap drives/B-29 target [markers on a map of China near Chungking]; [Advances in Italy and the Balkans]. Photographs: Sgt. Lewis F. Clancy talks over old times with Petit Victor in Oise, France; B-24 Liberators are hit and downed by Luftwaffe in Austria. Back: A chronological series of maps illustrate the conquest and liberation of France [1939-1944]. Includes photograph: French children salute and wave at soldiers in an armored tank.
Date: September 18, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 264th week of the war, 146th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: France, Eastern front, China, Pacific, Italy. Maps: Eastern Europe; France; China front; Gulf of Genoa. Back: "If each of us wastes a pound of war material..." Text and illustration show that it isn't just money, materials or manpower that are lost. But, waste can lose battles and cost lives.
Date: October 2, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 266th week of the war, 148th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Western front, Balkans, Baltic, China, Italy, Pacific. Maps: Greece, China Burma, France, Belgium, Netherlands. Insets: Western Front. Back: Text and photographs illustrate Air Technical Service Command.
Date: October 16, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 271st week of the war, 153rd week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Open Metz drive, Strong barriers ahead, Pressure on Budapest, Tirpitz goes down, Japs stiffen resistance, B-29s over targets, Evacuate U.S. air base. Maps: Western front, Budapest to Miskolc front, Third Army offensive, Leyte, Allied troops strike south in Burma. Back: Text highlights amphibian armies' combat strategies and victories. Includes 3 photographs plus images of the Ampib's shoulder patch and pocket patch.
Date: November 20, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 273rd week of the war, 155th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Saipan to Tokyo -- Hit Jap shipping -- General Allied push -- Liberate Estonia -- Alexander takes over -- Action in Burma -- Japs drive on Kweiyang. Maps: Action in the west -- Japan -- North Burma. Inset maps: Tokyo -- [distance from Tokyo to Saipan]. Back: Text and 8 photographs highlight the activities and achievements of the Army Medical Department.
Date: December 4, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 277th week of the war, 159th week of U.S. participation

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: German offensive gains momentum, "Greatest Japanese Defeat," Soviet forces in action, Fighting bitter on Italian front. Maps: [German offensive] -- Mindoro -- Philippine Islands -- Leyte, Samar battle area -- Czechoslovakia, Hungary border -- Northern Italy near Bologna. Back: 1945 calendar with advice: "Every day be careful what you say or write!"
Date: January 1, 1945
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 249th week of the war, 131st week of U.S. participation

Front: Text highlights action on various war fronts: France ; Italy ; Pacific ; Eastern Front ; Balkans. Inset maps: The advance beyond Rome ; Europe ; The Normandy coast ; China. Photographs: American assault troops move ashore in northern France ; Canadians with bicycles disembark from an infantry landing craft. Back: Map of Germany and adjacent areas shows railroads, superhighways, rivers, and mountains.
Date: June 19, 1944
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 293rd week of the war, 175th week of U.S. participation

Front: Maps: Okinawa Battle rages; Vienna taken; Europe; Germany; Italian offensive; Insets: Okinawa. Back: WAC: 3rd anniversary. Includes 8 photographs along with text descriptions and one cartoon by Sgt. Herblock.
Date: April 23, 1945
Creator: [United States.] Army Service Forces. Army Information Branch.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library