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15
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12
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European Union Englargement
The European Union (EU) views the enlargement process as a historic opportunity to promote stability and prosperity in Europe. Although the EU maintains that the enlargement door remains open, "enlargement fatigue" has become a serious issue in Europe and some experts believe that EU enlargement may be reaching its limits. The status of EU enlargement is one of many transatlantic issues likely to be of interest to the second session of the 110th Congress. This report lists the various nations admitted to the European Union within the past several years and analyzes the enlargement issue in general.
Date:
July 3, 2008
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers
This report describes the European Union (EU), its evolution, governing institutions, trade policy, and efforts to forge common foreign and defense policies. The report also addresses the EU-U.S. and EU-NATO relationships, which may be of interest to the second session of the 110th Congress. It will be updated as events warrant. For more information, see CRS Report RS21344, European Union Enlargement, by Kristin Archick, and CRS Report RL34381, European Union-U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues, coordinated by Raymond Ahearn.
Date:
July 3, 2008
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty
In December 2007, leaders of the European Union (EU) signed the Lisbon Treaty, which seeks to reform the EU's governing institutions and decisionmaking processes to enable a larger EU to operate more effectively. This new treaty represents the latest stage in a reform process begun in 2002 and essentially replaces the proposed EU "constitution" that foundered after French and Dutch voters rejected it in referendums in 2005. In June 2008, Irish voters rejected the Lisbon Treaty, and have thrown its future into doubt. This report provides background information on EU reform efforts and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the second session of the 110th Congress.
Date:
July 3, 2008
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rediscovery of the Elements: Yttrium and Johan Gadolin
Article describing the life and career of Johan Gadolin. Tourist information regarding locations significant to his history is included.
Date:
Spring 2008
Creator:
Marshall, James L., 1940- & Marshall, Virginia R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals
This report discusses a new law, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), that the European Union (EU) began to implement On June 1, 2007.
Date:
March 19, 2008
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Energy Security Challenges
This report examines some of Europe's critical energy security challenges and EU efforts to coordinate a common European energy strategy. It also includes an overview of broader transatlantic energy security cooperation and will be updated as needed.
Date:
January 30, 2008
Creator:
Belkin, Paul
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Climate Change: The European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS)
The European Union’s (EU’s) Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU’s efforts to meet its obligation under the Kyoto Protocol. It covers more than 11,500 energy intensive facilities across the 25 EU member countries, including oil refineries, power plants over 20 megawatts (MW) in capacity, coke ovens, and iron and steel plants, along with cement, glass, lime, brick, ceramics, and pulp and paper installations. Covered entities emit about 45% of the EU’s carbon dioxide emissions. The trading program does not cover emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, which account for about 20% of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions. A final consideration for the ETS is its suitability for directing long-term investment toward a low-carbon future — the ultimate goal of any climate change program.
Date:
July 31, 2006
Creator:
Parker, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute
In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date:
March 10, 2006
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union
Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date:
January 3, 2006
Creator:
Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Agricultural Policy
This report compares current United States and European Union (EU) efforts in the area of green payments. Green payments refer to "payments made to agricultural producers as compensation for environmental benefits that accrue at levels beyond what producers might otherwise achieve under existing market and regulatory conditions" (summary). The report gives an overview of policies, programs, financing, and various other aspects of comparison related to the topic.
Date:
November 22, 2005
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E. & Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute
In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date:
November 17, 2005
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy
Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU’s arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
Date:
May 27, 2005
Creator:
Archick, Kristin; Grimmett, Richard F. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union
Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date:
May 12, 2005
Creator:
Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude
This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
Date:
April 15, 2005
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis
This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union’s current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
Date:
March 1, 2005
Creator:
Grimmett, Richard F. & Papademetriou, Theresa
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union
Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date:
January 4, 2005
Creator:
Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union
Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date:
April 6, 2004
Creator:
Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States
The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date:
July 31, 2002
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Turkey: Situation Update
This report briefly discusses recent political, economic, and security issues in Turkey, especially relating to Turkey's relationship with Greece, the European Union, and the United States.
Date:
September 12, 1997
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: European security conference]
Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about 35 nation conference on European security which is opened in Helsinki.
Date:
July 3, 1973, 12:00 p.m.
Creator:
WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Script
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Helsinki]
Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the largest post war effort to ease tensions in Europe began.
Date:
July 3, 1973, 6:30 a.m.
Creator:
WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Script
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Nixon]
Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, covering a news story about Richard Nixon and his family traveling to Europe.
Date:
April 15, 1973
Creator:
WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Script
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Housing and Planning Elements of the Urban Growth Policies of Six European Countries with a Selected Annotated Bibliography
This report discusses urban planning and housing polices in France, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Hungary, and the United Kingdom and ways elements of their programs might be incorporated into American urban planning. An annotated bibliography of resources on the topic is also provided.
Date:
January 23, 1973
Creator:
Beckman, Norman & Harding, Susan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: US delegate to Helsinki]
Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date:
May 2, 1972, 12:00 p.m.
Creator:
WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Script
System:
The UNT Digital Library