This report discusses U.S. economic and security assistance to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

This report discusses the political future of various countries in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region. A change in the leadership in these countries could significantly affect their policies toward the United States and their willingness to cooperate with the United States in achieving the stability needed to advance U.S. interests in this important region.

This comparative study assesses the state of democracy and examines the process of democratization in the Arab World between the years 1980-1993. It addresses shortcomings in the mainstream democracy literature that excluded the Arab World from the global democratic revolution on political cultural grounds. To fulfil the objectives of this study, I employ both the qualitative and quantitative research approaches to test a number of hypothesized relationships. I hypothesize that transition to democracy is negatively associated with economic development, militarism, U.S. foreign policy, the political economy of oil, and dependency. I contend that emerging civil society institutions so far have had no significant effect on democratization in the Arab World. Finally, I hypothesize that the level of democracy in the Arab World is influenced greatly by the issue of civil rights. In order to investigate the hypothesized relationships, the following data sets have been used: Gastil's Freedom House Data set, "Repression and Freedom in the 1980s" data set, and Vanhanen's 1990 data set. The findings of this study support the aforementioned hypothesized relationships. I find that Arab countries, in general have made modest progress toward democracy, making the Arab World part of the global revolution.

This study examines the nature and patterns of Soviet cultural activities in Egypt and Syria, the motivations behind those activities, and the contribution of the Soviet cultural effort toward the attainment of overall Soviet Middle East policies. Chapter I provides background information on Soviet-Arab relations, and in Chapter II Soviet objectives in the Middle East are examined. Chapter III identifies the important components of the Soviet cultural instrument in Egypt and Syria. Chapter IV assesses the contribution made by the cultural tool toward the attainment of Soviet objectives in Egypt and Syria. Finally, Chapter V demonstrates that the Soviet cultural enterprise exerted little impact on overall Soviet policy in the Middle East.

The main objective of this research is to test some of the hypotheses linking economic development, social mobilization, legitimacy, and the coerciveness of the regime with internal political conflict. Each proposed hypothesis is to be tested across sixteen predominantly Islamic Middle Eastern nations for data from two time periods, 1960-66 and 1967-73. To check for the consistency and strength of the hypothesized relationships the test results for each hypothesis for the first period data will be compared with those of the second period.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about reports from Cairo which indicate the Egyptian army has been placed on alert along the West bank of the Suez canal.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about rumblings of a new middle East war which were voiced in Lebanon.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the Damascus government which says that Syria and West Germany agreed to restore diplomatic relations.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about King Hussein of Jordon who arrived in the Egyptian seaside city of Alexandria for a three day state visit.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who begins the first leg of his trip back to Washington after spending the night at a royal guest house in Jordon.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Syria' s government which controlled news media played down the president' s tumultuous reception in Egypt.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who is enrouting to Cairo where Egyptian president Sadat has prepared an enthusiastic welcome.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who leaves for a five nation tour of the middle East with a brief stopover in Salzburg to adjust to the time zone changes and meet with the chancellor of Austria.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who has named an official party which is headed by secretary Henry Kissinger to accompany him on his ten day trip to Europe and the Middle East.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about president Nixon who spent the day at his Camp David retreat reviewing briefing material for his trip to the Middle East.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Saudi Arabia' s interior minister who leads a high level Arab delegation to the White house.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about White house which announce that president Nixon will visit Syria, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Jordan during his middle East trip beginning June 12th.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Israeli prime minster designate Rabin who says that next step on the road to peace is negotiations with Egypt.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the State Secretary Kissinger who returned to Jerusalem from Cairo for more negotiations aimed at disengaging Syria and Israeli troops along the Golan Heights.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the State Secretary Kissinger who is in Cairo for talks with Egyptian president Sadat.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about Kissinger who is taking out time between visits to Israel and Syria for talks in Saudi Arabia with King Feisal.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the State Secretary who says that some progress is made but no agreement yet in troop disengagement in Golan Heights.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the senate who has passed a bill to regime states to adopt no-fault car insurance and has defeated an effort to revive wage and price controls on standby basis.

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about the Syrian and Israeli jets which have engaged in their first aerial dogfights.