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Modeling Brine-Rock Interactions in an Enhanced Geothermal System Deep Fractured Reservoir at Soultz-Sous-Forets (France) - A Joint Approach Using Two Geochemical Codes: Frachem and Toughreact (open access)

Modeling Brine-Rock Interactions in an Enhanced Geothermal System Deep Fractured Reservoir at Soultz-Sous-Forets (France) - A Joint Approach Using Two Geochemical Codes: Frachem and Toughreact

The modeling of coupled thermal, hydrological, and chemical (THC) processes in geothermal systems is complicated by reservoir conditions such as high temperatures, elevated pressures and sometimes the high salinity of the formation fluid. Coupled THC models have been developed and applied to the study of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) to forecast the long-term evolution of reservoir properties and to determine how fluid circulation within a fractured reservoir can modify its rock properties. In this study, two simulators, FRACHEM and TOUGHREACT, specifically developed to investigate EGS, were applied to model the same geothermal reservoir and to forecast reservoir evolution using their respective thermodynamic and kinetic input data. First, we report the specifics of each of these two codes regarding the calculation of activity coefficients, equilibrium constants and mineral reaction rates. Comparisons of simulation results are then made for a Soultz-type geothermal fluid (ionic strength {approx}1.8 molal), with a recent (unreleased) version of TOUGHREACT using either an extended Debye-Hueckel or Pitzer model for calculating activity coefficients, and FRACHEM using the Pitzer model as well. Despite somewhat different calculation approaches and methodologies, we observe a reasonably good agreement for most of the investigated factors. Differences in the calculation schemes typically produce less difference …
Date: December 31, 2006
Creator: Andre, Laurent; Spycher, Nicolas; Xu, Tianfu; Vuataz, Francois-D. & Pruess, Karsten
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Defense Facilities Energy Conservation Policies and Spending (open access)

Department of Defense Facilities Energy Conservation Policies and Spending

This report reviews energy conservation legislation and Executive Ordrs that apply to the Department of Defense, directives and instructions to the military departments and agencies on implementing the legislation and orders, Defense spending on facility energy over the last decade, annual Defense appropriations that fund energy-conservation improvements, and Defense energy conservation investments.
Date: December 31, 2008
Creator: Andrews, Anthony
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Savings Potentials in Residential and Small Commercial Thermal Distribution Systems - an Update (open access)

Energy Savings Potentials in Residential and Small Commercial Thermal Distribution Systems - an Update

This is an update of a report (Andrews and Modera 1991) that quantified the amounts of energy that could be saved through better thermal distribution systems in residential and small commercial buildings. Thermal distribution systems are the ductwork, piping, or other means used to transport heat or cooling from the space-conditioning equipment to the conditioned space. This update involves no basic change in methodology relative to the 1991 report, but rather a review of the additional information available in 2003 on the energy-use patterns in residential and small commercial buildings.
Date: October 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A HISTORY OF ASHRAE STANDARDS 152P. (open access)

A HISTORY OF ASHRAE STANDARDS 152P.

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has been developing a standard test method for evaluating the efficiency of ducts and other types of thermal distribution systems in single-family residential buildings. This report presents an overview of the structure, function, and historical development of this test method.
Date: October 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Future Directions for Thermal Distribution Standards (open access)

Future Directions for Thermal Distribution Standards

This report details development paths for advanced versions of ASHRAE Standard 152, Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Efficiency. During the course of conversations within the ASHRAE committee responsible for developing the standard (SPC152P), three areas of development for Standard 152 were proposed: (1) extend the scope of the standard to include thermal comfort variables; (2) extend the scope of the standard to include small commercial buildings; and (3) improve the existing standard with respect to accuracy and economy of effort. Research needs associated with each of the three options are identified.
Date: October 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, John W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 142, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 31, 2003 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 142, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 31, 2003

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 195, Ed. 1 Friday, October 31, 2003 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 195, Ed. 1 Friday, October 31, 2003

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 247, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 31, 2003 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 247, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 31, 2003

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 31, 2003
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 325, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 31, 2004 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 325, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 31, 2004

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 31, 2004
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 52, Ed. 1 Monday, May 31, 2004 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 52, Ed. 1 Monday, May 31, 2004

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 31, 2004
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 130, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 31, 2004 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 130, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 31, 2004

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 31, 2004
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 182, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 31, 2004 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 182, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 31, 2004

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 31, 2004
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 228, Ed. 1 Friday, December 31, 2004 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 228, Ed. 1 Friday, December 31, 2004

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 31, 2004
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 254, Ed. 1 Monday, January 31, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 254, Ed. 1 Monday, January 31, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 31, 2005
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 304, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 31, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 304, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 31, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 31, 2005
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 51, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 31, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 51, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 31, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 31, 2005
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 102, Ed. 1 Sunday, July 31, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 102, Ed. 1 Sunday, July 31, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2005
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 129, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 31, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 129, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 31, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 31, 2005
Creator: Andrews, Mike
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Advanced Gasification By-Product Utilization (open access)

Advanced Gasification By-Product Utilization

With the passing of legislation designed to permanently cap and reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired utilities, it is more important than ever to develop and improve upon methods of controlling mercury emissions. One promising technique is carbon sorbent injection into the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant. Currently, this technology is very expensive as costly commercially activated carbons are used as sorbents. There is also a significant lack of understanding of the interaction between mercury vapor and the carbon sorbent, which adds to the difficulty of predicting the amount of sorbent needed for specific plant configurations. Due to its inherent porosity and adsorption properties as well as on-site availability, carbons derived from gasifiers are potential mercury sorbent candidates. Furthermore, because of the increasing restricted use of landfilling, the coal industry is very interested in finding uses for these materials as an alternative to the current disposal practice. The results of laboratory investigations and supporting technical assessments conducted under DOE Subcontract No. DE-FG26-03NT41795 are reported. This contract was with the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, which supports work with the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research and The Pennsylvania State University Energy Institute. The worked described was part …
Date: August 31, 2006
Creator: Andrews, Rodney; Rubel, Aurora; Groppo, Jack; Marrs, Brock; Geertsema, Ari; Huggins, Frank et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED MONITORING TO IMPROVE COMBUSTION TURBINE/COMBINED CYCLE CT/(CC) RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY (RAM) (open access)

ADVANCED MONITORING TO IMPROVE COMBUSTION TURBINE/COMBINED CYCLE CT/(CC) RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY (RAM)

Power generators are concerned with the maintenance costs associated with the advanced turbines that they are purchasing. Since these machines do not have fully established operation and maintenance (O&M) track records, power generators face financial risk due to uncertain future maintenance costs. This risk is of particular concern, as the electricity industry transitions to a competitive business environment in which unexpected O&M costs cannot be passed through to consumers. These concerns have accelerated the need for intelligent software-based diagnostic systems that can monitor the health of a combustion turbine in real time and provide valuable information on the machine's performance to its owner/operators. EPRI, Impact Technologies, Boyce Engineering, and Progress Energy have teamed to develop a suite of intelligent software tools integrated with a diagnostic monitoring platform that will, in real time, interpret data to assess the ''total health'' of combustion turbines. The Combustion Turbine Health Management System (CTHM) will consist of a series of dynamic link library (DLL) programs residing on a diagnostic monitoring platform that accepts turbine health data from existing monitoring instrumentation. The CTHM system will be a significant improvement over currently available techniques for turbine monitoring and diagnostics. CTHM will interpret sensor and instrument outputs, correlate …
Date: March 31, 2004
Creator: Angello, Leonard
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intact and Degraded Component Criticality Calculations of N Reactors Spent Nuclear Fuel (open access)

Intact and Degraded Component Criticality Calculations of N Reactors Spent Nuclear Fuel

The objective of this calculation is to perform intact and degraded mode criticality evaluations of the Department of Energy's (DOE) N Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel codisposed in a 2-Defense High-Level Waste (2-DHLW)/2-Multi-Canister Overpack (MCO) Waste Package (WP) and emplaced in a monitored geologic repository (MGR) (see Attachment I). The scope of this calculation is limited to the determination of the effective neutron multiplication factor (k{sub eff}) for both intact and degraded mode internal configurations of the codisposal waste package. This calculation will support the analysis that will be performed to demonstrate the technical viability for disposing of U-metal (N Reactor) spent nuclear fuel in the potential MGR.
Date: January 31, 2001
Creator: Angers, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY TESTING AND ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS (open access)

FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY TESTING AND ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS

None
Date: October 31, 2007
Creator: Anton, D; Kyle Brinkman, K & Joshua Gray, J
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SOLID STATE HYDRIDE SYSTEM ENGINEERING (open access)

SOLID STATE HYDRIDE SYSTEM ENGINEERING

A typical hydrogen refueling station was designed based on DOE targets and existing gasoline filling station operations. The purpose of this design was to determine typical heat loads, how these heat loads will be handled, and approximate equipment sizes. For the station model, two DOE targets that had the most impact on the design were vehicle driving range and refueling time. The target that hydrogen fueled vehicles should have the equivalent driving range as present automobiles, requires 5 kg hydrogen storage. Assuming refueling occurs when the tank is 80% empty yields a refueling quantity of 4 kg. The DOE target for 2010 of a refueling time of 3 minutes was used in this design. There is additional time needed for payment of the fuel, and connecting and disconnecting hoses and grounds. It was assumed that this could be accomplished in 5 minutes. Using 8 minutes for each vehicle refueling gives a maximum hourly refueling rate of 7.5 cars per hour per fueling point.
Date: October 31, 2007
Creator: Anton, D; Mark Jones, M & Bruce Hardy, B
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results Of The Excreta Bioassay Quality Control Program For April 1, 2007 Through March 31, 2008 (open access)

Results Of The Excreta Bioassay Quality Control Program For April 1, 2007 Through March 31, 2008

A total of 79 urine samples, 3 blank fecal and 5 spiked artificial fecal samples were submitted during the report period (April 1, 2007 through March 31, 2008) to General Engineering Laboratories, South Carolina by the Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program (IDP) to check the accuracy, precision, and detection levels of their analyses. Urine analyses for tritium, Sr, 238Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, 243Am 235U, 238U, elemental uranium and fecal analyses for 241Am, 238Pu and 239Pu were tested this year. The number of QC urine samples submitted during the report period represented 1.8% of the total samples submitted. In addition to the samples provided by IDP, GEL was also required to conduct their own QC program, and submit the results of analyses to IDP. About 35% of the analyses processed by GEL during the third year of this contract were quality control samples. GEL tested the performance of 24 radioisotopes, all of which met or exceeded the specifications in the Statement of Work within statistical uncertainty (Table 4). IDP concluded that GEL was performing well for all analyses tested, and concerns identified earlier were satisfactorily resolved.
Date: December 31, 2008
Creator: Antonio, Cheryl L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library