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Stabilization and/or regeneration of spent sorbents from coal gasification. Final technical report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992
The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of SO{sub 2} partial pressure and reaction temperature on the conversion of sulfide containing solid wastes from coal gasifiers to stable and environmentally acceptable calcium sulfate, while preventing the release of sulfur dioxide during the stabilization step. An additional objective of this study was to investigate the use of the Spent Sorbent Regeneration Process (SSRP) to regenerate spent Ca-based sorbent, from a fluidized-bed gasifier with in-bed sulfur capture, for recycling to the gasifier. To achieve these objectives, selected samples of partially sulfided sorbents were reacted with oxygen and SO{sub 2} at various operating conditions and the extent of CaS and CaO conversion were determined. Partially sulfided dolomite was used in sulfidation/regeneration over several cycles and the regeneration efficiency and sorbent reactivity were determined after each cycle. The results of the stabilization tests show that partially sulfided Ca-based sorbents (both limestone and dolomite) can be sulfated at temperatures above 1500{degrees}F resulting in high CaS conversion without release of SO{sub 2} producing environmentally acceptable material for disposal in landfills. The results also indicate that spent dolomite can be regenerated in the SSRP process, in successive cycles, with high regeneration efficiency without loss …
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Abbasian, J.; Hill, A. H. & Wangerow, J. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of novel copper-based sorbents for hot-gas cleanup. Final technical report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate several novel copper-based binary oxides for their suitability as regenerable sorbents for hot gas cleanup application in the temperature range of 650{degree} to 850{degree}C. To achieve this objective, several novel binary oxides of copper were systematically evaluated and ranked in terms of their high-temperature stability against reduction to metal, sulfidation reactivity, and regenerability. The sorbents studied included oxides of chromium, cerium, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, titanium, iron, and silicon. The results of initial testing indicated that mixed binary oxides of copper with chromium (CuCr{sub 2}O{sub 4}) and cerium (CuO{circle_dot}CeO{sub 2}) were the most promising sorbents for such high temperature gas cleanup applications. These two sorbents were further evaluated in cyclic sulfidation/regeneration tests in 10--15 cycles to determine the effect of operating conditions on their performance. The results of this investigation indicate that the two selected sorbents, copper-chromium and copper-cerium, are capable of removing H{sub 2}S from the hot fuel gas to very low levels (<10 ppmv) at temperatures as high as 850{degree}C with good sorbent regenerability in cyclic process. These sorbents should be further studied to achieve optimum sorbent composition for hot gas cleanup application.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Abbasian, J.; Hill, A. H.; Wangerow, J. R.; Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M.; Bo, Luhong; Patel, C. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The role of catalyst precursor anions in coal gasification. Fourth quarterly report
The aims of the proposed project are to enrich our understanding of the roles of various aqueous soluble catalyst precursor anions on the surface electrical properties of coal and to ascertain the influence of the surface charge on the adsorption, dispersion, and activities of calcium and potassium. These goals will be achieved by impregnating a demineralized North Dakota lignite (PSOC 1482) with calcium or potassium catalyst precursors containing acetate (CH{sub 3}COO{sup {minus}}), chloride (CI{sup {minus}}), nitrate (NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}), sulfate (SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}), and carbonate (CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}) anions. In the past quarter, the effects of (CH{sub 3}COO{sup {minus}}), CI{sup {minus}}, (NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}), (CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}) or (CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}) on the surface charge properties of the coal has been initiated using the calcium salts of these anions. Like the corresponding potassium compounds investigated previously, increasing anion concentrations produce less negative charge on the coal surface through the interaction of calcium ions with the surface. This was confirmed by metal adsorption and chemical analysis of the filtered coal particles. The extent of metal adsorption was strongly dependent on the catalyst precursor. For potassium, maximum metal uptake from solution was obtained using potassium carbonate, followed by potassium acetate, while the …
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Abotsi, G. M. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High efficiency shale oil recovery. Fourth quarterly report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992
The overall project objective is to demonstrate the high efficiency of the Adams Counter-Current shale oil recovery process. The efficiency will first be demonstrated on a small scale, in the current phase, after which the demonstration will be extended to the operation of a small pilot plant. Thus the immediate project objective is to obtain data on oil shale retorting operations in a small batch rotary kiln that will be representative of operations in the proposed continuous process pilot plant. Although an oil shale batch sample is sealed in the batch kiln from the start until the end of the run, the process conditions for the batch are the same as the conditions that an element of oil shale would encounter in a continuous process kiln. Similar chemical and physical (heating, mixing) conditions exist in both systems. The two most important data objectives in this phase of the project are to demonstrate (1) that the heat recovery projected for this project is reasonable and (2) that an oil shale kiln will run well and not plug up due to sticking and agglomeration. The following was completed and is reported on this quarter: (1) A software routine was written to eliminate …
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Adams, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental restoration/waste management-applied technology semiannual report, January--June 1992. Volume 1, No. 1
This is the first issue from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of The Environmental Restoration/Waste Management-Applied Technology (ER/WM-AT) Semiannual Report, a continuation of the Advanced Processing Technology (APT) Semiannual Report. The name change reflects the consolidation of the APT Program with the Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program to form the Environmental Restoration/Waste Management-Applied Technology (ER/WM-AT) Program. The Livermore site mirrors, on a small scale, many of the environmental and waste management problems of the DOE Complex. The six articles in this issue cover incineration- alternative technologies, process development for waste minimization, the proposed Mixed Waste Management Facility, dynamic underground stripping, electrical resistance tomography, and Raman spectroscopy for remote characterization of underground tanks.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Adamson, M. & Kline-Simon, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A computational model for coal transport and combustion. Quarterly technical progress report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1992
The thermodynamically consistent, rate dependent model for turbulent two-phase flows was used to study the special case of a simple shear. The variations of the fluctuation kinetic energy with the solid volume fraction was evaluated. The kinetic model for rapid flows of granular materials, which includes frictional losses, was used for studying gravity flow down an inclined chute. The velocity profiles were obtained and the results were compared with the data of Johnson et al. The effect of diameter to height ratio was also studied. Further progress has been made in developing a computational model for rapid granular and two-phase flows in complex geometries. The discrete element scheme was used and the unsteady developing granular flow down a chute was analyzed. The results are compared with the experimental data of Savage. The numerical procedure for analyzing two-phase flows was further developed. The special case of duct flow in a gravitational field is analyzed. Further progress has been made in the construction of the experimental monolayer simple shear flow device. Assembling the device was completed.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Ahmadi, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal control system for SSF sensor/electronics
As part of the Defense Meteorological Support Program (DMSP) with Martin Marieta Astro-Space Division, a thermal control system was designed for the SSF (Special Sensor F) sensor/electronics box (SSTACK) located on the precision mounting platform of the DMSP satellite. Multi-layer insulation and heaters are used to maintain the temperatures of the critical components within their operating and survival temperature limits. Detailed and simplified SSTACK thermal models were developed and temperatures were calculated for worst-case orbital conditions. A comparison between the two models showed very good agreement. Temperature predictions were also compared to measured temperatures from a thermal-vacuum test
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Akau, R. L. & Lee, D. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of gas-aerosol interaction kinetics using morphology dependent stimulated Raman scattering. Final technical report
A research program on the influence of aerosol surface structure on the kinetics of gas-aerosol interactions is proposed. The experiments involve measuring changes in gas phase chemical reaction rates as a function of exposure to a specific aerosol. Aerosols with differing surface properties will be generated by changing the composition and/or temperature of the material making up the aerosol. Kinetic data generated can be used directly in atmospheric modelling calculations. The surface structure of the aerosol will be measured, both before and after reaction, using morphology-dependent enhancement of simulated Raman scattering (MDSRS). Information about the detailed dynamics of gas-aerosol interactions can be obtained by correlating the change in the reaction rate with change in surface structure and by monitoring the change in aerosol surface structure during the course of the reaction. Studies will focus on the condensation and oxidation of sulfur species (sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide) on water aerosols.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Aker, P. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot gas desulfurization with sorbents containing mixed metal oxides. Final report, October 1, 1990--December 31, 1992
In this project the sulfidation and regeneration behavior of vanadium-promoted zinc ferrite sorbents was investigated by microreactor studies and physical characterization of the promoted sorbents. The discussion of results are presented for the fresh and used sorbent characterizations Zn-Fe-V-O, and standard sulfidation and regeneration experiments followed by the discussion of the effects of sulfidation temperature, calcination temperature, and the water vapor content of the simulated fuel gas.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Akyurtlu, A. & Akyurtlu, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot gas desulfurization with sorbents containing mixed metal oxides
Advanced power generation systems such as the integrated gasification combined cycle power generators and the molten carbonate fuel cells have stringent fuel gas desulfurization requirements and process economics dictates that this desulfurization be performed near the temperature of the gasification off-gas. The most advanced hot gas desulfurization technology today is based on the zinc ferrite sorbent which has several shortcomings such as zinc loss by evaporation, and incomplete regeneration due to sulfate formation. The objective of this study is to develop an improved sorbent which can reduce H{sub 2}S levels to 1 ppmv or less, which can stabilize zinc, and produce economically recoverable amounts of elemental sulfur during regeneration. For this purpose, the desulfurization performance.of sorbents prepared by the addition of various amounts of V{sub 2}0{sub 5} to the zinc ferrite sorbent is investigated. Preliminary experiments show that the sorbent containing about 4.8 mass % vanadium shows a superior desulfurization performance compared to zinc ferrite. Addition of vanadium suppresses residual sulfate formation and possibly zinc evaporation. significant quantities of elemental sulfur were observed after the regeneration of vanadium containing sorbents.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Akyurtlu, J. F. & Akyurtlu, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BNL Volume H{sup {minus}} Sources
An H{sup -} current of up 30 mA has been extracted from a 1 cm{sup 2} aperture in a 20 cm diameter volume source with a conical filter field. From a 9.7 cm diameter version of this source, an H{sup -} current of up to 35 mA was extracted from a 0.5 cm{sup 2} aperture.In both sources, the electron-to-H{sup -} ratio is typically < 10, and often < 5.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Alessi, J. G.; Prelec, K. & McCafferty, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The effect of irradiation on the mechanical properties of 6061-T651 aluminum
Critical components of the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) reactor, to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), will be fabricated from 6061-T651 aluminum alloy. This alloy has been selected for its favorable neutronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. The effect of irradiation on the tensile properties and fracture toughness has been studied to allow the lifetime of these components to be estimated. Irradiations were carried out in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at ORNL at a temperature of approximately 95{degree}C to a fluence of approximately 10{sup 26} m{sup {minus}2} (thermal). Testing was conducted from room temperature to 150{degree}C. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths were increased by irradiation, and the total elongation decreased, but the fracture toughness at 26 and 95{degree}C was not degraded by irradiation, and decreased only slightly at 150{degree}C.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Alexander, D. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The effect of aging at 343{degree}C on the mechanical properties and microstructure of type 308 stainless steel weldments
The effect of long-term aging at intermediate temperatures on the mechanical properties of stainless steel welds has been studied. Three type 308 multipass shielded metal-arc welds with ferrite levels of 4, 8, and 12% were aged up to 20,000 h at 343C. Tensile tests showed little effect of aging on either the yield or ultimate tensile strengths, but the impact toughness was significantly degraded. The extent of the degradation increased with increasing ferrite content and increasing aging time. Examination of the microstructure with transmission electron microscopy and atom probe field-ion microscopy revealed that the ferrite phase had undergone spinodal decomposition as a result of aging. In addition, G-phase particles were observed at dislocations, and finer G-phase particles were homogeneously distributed throughout the ferrite phase. The changes in the mechanical properties and the fractography are discussed in light of the observed changes in the microstructure.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Alexander, D. J.; Alexander, K. B.; Miller, M. K. & Nanstad, R. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The effect of long-term aging on the impact properties of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel
The Charpy impact and room-temperature tensile properties of two heats of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel have been examined after aging at temperatures from 482 to 704C for times up to 75,000 h. In general, aging at lower temperatures (482, 538, or 593C) resulted in little change in the room-temperature tensile properties, but rapid increases in the transition temperature, with the greatest increase for an aging time of 25,000 h. The upper-shelf energy level decreased, reaching a minimum at 25,000 h, followed by recovery at 50,000-h aging. At higher aging temperatures (649 and 704C) there was little change in the transition temperatures, but significant softening at room temperature, and large increases in the upper-shelf energy.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Alexander, D. J.; Maziasz, P. J. & Brinkman, C. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multiple measurement of the coupling between benthic carbon fluxes and bioturbation activity during the ``spring bloom``. Progress report 1992
In accordance with the research plan outlined in our original proposal, we began monitoring indicators of plankton production (Chl-a, cell counts) in surface waters of Long Island Sound from the Port Jefferson / Bridgeport Ferry on Dec. 3, 1992. In contrast to past years no dramatic bloom has occurred to date although a significant pattern of increasing chl-a began during the first week of April. We anticipate that the bloom wig be complete by mid to late April. This has been a particularly cold year based on comparison of 1993 bottom water temperatures and previously reported patterns from LIS, possibly reflecting climatic conditions which delayed the bloom. Typical sampling includes: surface and bottom water sampling for suspended matter, cell counts, chlorophyll-a, nutrients; triplicate box cores for macro-, meio-, and microfauna analysis; subcores for O{sub 2} microelectrode profiles; box core for radiochemical analyses ({sup 234}Th, {sup 7}Be); box core subcores for benthic fluxes under aerated and nonaerated conditions (O{sub 2}, {Sigma}N, Mn{sup ++}, {Sigma}CO{sub 2}); Br{sup {minus}} tracer flux core incubation for biogenic irrigation rates; box core for laboratory based luminophore tracer experiments (particle mixing); box core subcores for solid phase and pore water solute profiles (carbonate system, nutrients, Ca, Mg, …
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Aller, R. C.; Aller, J. J.; Cochran, J. K. & Lee, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 code development
The SCOAP/RELAP5/MOD3 computer code is designed to describe the overall reactor coolant system (RCS) thermal-hydraulic response, core damage progression, and fission product release and transport during severe accidents. The code is being developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) under the primary sponsorship of the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Code development activities are currently focused on three main areas - (a) code usability, (b) early phase melt progression model improvements, and (c) advanced reactor thermal-hydraulic model extensions. This paper describes the first two activities. A companion paper describes the advanced reactor model improvements being performed under RELAP5/MOD3 funding.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Allison, C. M.; Siefken, J. L. & Coryell, E. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method and device for disinfecting a toilet bowl
This invention is comprised of a method and device for disinfecting a flush toilet. The device is an electrocell mounted in the tank of the toilet, with two wire mesh electrodes immersed in the water in the tank and a battery applying approximately one to two volts of electric potential to the electrodes so that they chemically reduce a portion of the water in the tank to hydrogen peroxide. Then, when the tank is flushed, the peroxide is carried into the bowl where it can kill bacteria.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Almon, A. C.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LAPACK users' guide: Release 1. 0
LAPACK is a transportable library of Fortran 77 subroutines for solving the most common problems in numerical linear algebra: systems of linear equations, linear least squares problems, eigenvalue problems and singular value problems. LAPACK is designed to supersede LINPACK and EISPACK, principally by restructuring the software to achieve much greater efficiency on vector processors, high-performance superscalar'' workstations, and shared-memory multi-processors. LAPACK also adds extra functionality, uses some new or improved algorithms, and integrates the two sets of algorithms into a unified package. The LAPACK Users' Guide gives an informal introduction to the design of the algorithms and software, summarizes the contents of the package, describes conventions used in the software and documentation, and includes complete specifications for calling the routines. This edition of the Users' guide describes Release 1.0 of LAPACK.
Date:
January 31, 1992
Creator:
Anderson, E.; Bai, Z.; Bischof, C.; Demmel, J.; Dongarra, J.; Du Croz, J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LAPACK users` guide: Release 1.0
LAPACK is a transportable library of Fortran 77 subroutines for solving the most common problems in numerical linear algebra: systems of linear equations, linear least squares problems, eigenvalue problems and singular value problems. LAPACK is designed to supersede LINPACK and EISPACK, principally by restructuring the software to achieve much greater efficiency on vector processors, high-performance ``superscalar`` workstations, and shared-memory multi-processors. LAPACK also adds extra functionality, uses some new or improved algorithms, and integrates the two sets of algorithms into a unified package. The LAPACK Users` Guide gives an informal introduction to the design of the algorithms and software, summarizes the contents of the package, describes conventions used in the software and documentation, and includes complete specifications for calling the routines. This edition of the Users` guide describes Release 1.0 of LAPACK.
Date:
January 31, 1992
Creator:
Anderson, E.; Bai, Z.; Bischof, C.; Demmel, J.; Dongarra, J.; Du Croz, J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Construction and test results from 15 m-long, 50 mm aperture SSC Collider Dipole models
Construction details, assembly data, coil stress and end force measurements are reported with quench data for the initial full-length SSC model dipoles with 50 mm aperture being built at BNL.
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Anerella, M.; Cottingham, J.; Ganetis, G.; Garber, M.; Ghosh, A.; Greene, A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combustion of dense streams of coal particles. Quarterly progress report No. 9, August 29, 1992--November 28, 1992
Ignition of the high volatile isolated coal particles in vitiated environment seems to occur heterogeneously at the leading edge of the particle. Volatiles are observed to be ejected upward as jets in the direction of the convective flow but only after heterogeneous ignition. The volatiles burn in the gas phase homogeneously and form a wake flame; a black inner zone (unburned volatile) is formed (see Fig.A.3 for many common characteristics of isolated flames).Intermittent volatile ignition and combustion are observed to occur during the combustion process for a few of the isolated particle combustion experiments on high volatile non-swelling coal. The medium volatile coal particles ignite faster than the high volatile coal; but the intermittent ignition is not observed. The low volatile isolated coal particles combust in shorter time. The isolated char particles ignite at the surface of the particle heterogeneously with little volatile ejected, yet are not sufficient to form a volatile flame, resulting in a subsequent heterogeneous combustion. A group flame is formed for the two-particle arrays at closer interparticle spacing (Fig.A.4). Also, intermittent ignition does not occur for the high volatile particles when the two particles are at farther distances which suggests that radiation interaction between the particles …
Date:
December 31, 1992
Creator:
Annamalai, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Photograph 2012.201.B0149.0556]
Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Jim Crouch is framed by the sign that has been a familiar logo along Rout 66 for decades."
Date:
July 31, 1992
Creator:
Argo, Jim
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B0360.0429]
Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Andrew Laser, Former Chief Executive Officer of Oklahoma Medical Center."
Date:
July 31, 1992
Creator:
Argo, Jim
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B1161.0387]
Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company.
Date:
October 31, 1992
Creator:
Argo, Jim
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History