This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. Since the early 1990s, U.S.-China relations have followed an uneven course, with modest improvements overshadowed by various recurring difficulties and setbacks. Longstanding bilateral difficulties have included U.S. problems with the PRC’s worsening human rights record, growing tensions over the PRC’s southern military build-up opposite Taiwan and Taiwan’s political status, and continued controversy over allegations of Chinese proliferation of weapons to unstable regimes.

This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. The relations also have been marred by continuing allegations of Chinese espionage, ongoing controversy over human rights, charges that China continues to violate its non-proliferation commitments, controversy over the accidental NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, and renewed tensions over Taiwan. The report describes current issues in U.S.-China relations such as; Human Rights Issues, Issues in U.S.-China Security Relations, Economic Issues, and Sovereignty Issues: Taiwan, Tibet, Hong Kong.

This report provides an overview of contemporary PRC (People's Republic of China) politics by analyzing the main institutional actors and their interactions. The goal is not so much to provide the definitive study of the current political dynamics in China, but to offer a framework for examining and understanding PRC politics as they play out with respect to particular policies or issues.

This report covers the Chinese-filed World Trade Organization (WTO) complaint against the U.S. over Section 421 of the Trade Acts of 1941, which has been renewed several times since. Section 421 authorizes the President to impose safeguards—that is, temporary measures such as import surcharges or quotas—on Chinese goods if domestic market disruption is found.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story about the R.O.C. search and rescue team.

This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990's.

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.

This report is designed to provide Congress with a perspective on the contemporary political system of China, the only Communist Party-led state in the G-20 grouping of major economies. China's Communist Party dominates state and society in China, is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power, and is intolerant of those who question its right to rule.

This report analyzes China's mixed record on human rights -- major human rights problems, new human rights legislation, and the development of civil society, legal awareness, and social and political activism. This report discusses major areas of interest but does not provide an exhaustive account of all human rights abuses or related incidents.

Newspaper clipping covering global events in Europe, East Asia, and North Africa, as well as regional news from India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

Interview with Herbert M. Fish, an executive at Caltex Petroleum Corporation from Boston, Massachusetts. Fish discusses his time working at Shell Oil during the Depression, experience in the U.S. Army, his duties at Caltex, marketing with Chinese agents and visiting China, dealing with Japanese executives, and Caltex European operations.

This report discusses the size of the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China that continues to be an important issue in bilateral trade relations.

This Law was formulated in order to prevent desertification, to improve and reclaim desertified land, to protect the environment, and to promote a sustainable economy and society.

This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future. The members of the G-20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.

Handwritten letter from Chester Nimitz to his grandfather in Fredericksburg. Nimitz, writing from China, mentions being ashore in a camp in the Philippines for some target practice. He also mentions that he suspects his time on the USS Ohio (BB-12) is coming to a close because the Academy graduates are due to arrive aboard in early April. Nimitz expects to be sent to a smaller gunboat, but admits he would rather stay on the Ohio and be overlooked in all the shuffling.

Handwritten letter from Chester Nimitz to his father in Kerrville. Nimitz provides his opinion on the Russian navy. He also mentions the prospect of going to China and being able to visit various cities there. He anticipates staying aboard the USS Ohio (BB-12) until the next summer when new passed midshipmen arrive to fill posts and he is moved to a smaller ship. Nimitz mentions fishing for sharks in Manila Bay and recalls all the various pets aboard the ship. Nimitz also mentions that the USS Brooklyn (CA-3) was bringing John Paul Jones back to the USA from France. This letter is on USS Ohio stationery.

Transcription of letter from Chester Nimitz to his grandfather in Fredericksburg. Nimitz, writing from China, mentions being ashore in a camp in the Philippines for some target practice. He also mentions that he suspects his time on the USS Ohio (BB-12) is coming to a close because the Academy graduates are due to arrive aboard in early April. Nimitz expects to be sent to a smaller gunboat, but admits he would rather stay on the Ohio and be overlooked in all the shuffling.

Transcription of letter from Chester Nimitz to his father in Kerrville. Nimitz provides his opinion on the Russian navy. He also mentions the prospect of going to China and being able to visit various cities there. He anticipates staying aboard the USS Ohio (BB-12) until the next summer when new passed midshipmen arrive to fill posts and he is moved to a smaller ship. Nimitz mentions fishing for sharks in Manila Bay and recalls all the various pets aboard the ship. Nimitz also mentions that the USS Brooklyn (CA-3) was bringing John Paul Jones back to the USA from France.

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress is how the U.S. Navy should respond to China's military modernization effort, particularly its naval modernization effort.

This report covers potential oversight issues for Congress in regard to China's military modernization effort. The following topics are discussed: whether the U.S. Navy in coming years will be large enough to adequately counter improved Chinese maritime anti-access forces while also adequately performing other missions of interest to U.S. policymakers around the world; the Navy's ability to counter Chinese ASBMs and submarines; and whether the Navy, in response to China's maritime anti-access capabilities, should shift over time to a more distributed fleet architecture.

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) disputes in the East China (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) involving China, with a focus on how these disputes may affect U.S. strategic and policy interests.

The continuation in effect of China's most-favored-nation status with the United States is contingent principally on the maintenance in force of the waiver of full compliance with the requirements of the freedom-of-emigration ("Jackson-Vanik") amendment of the Trade Act of 1974. Waivers and their underlying authority must be extended annually.

Congress is currently considering appropriations for U.S. contributions to the World Bank and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) as well as separate legislation that would require U.S. representatives to these institutions to oppose all concessional loans to China. This report provides a brief analysis of China’s relationship with the MDBs to highlight some issues and help Members of Congress, congressional staff, and observers better understand the context for the current debates in Congress and the multilateral agencies.

This memorandum of understanding (MOU) reaffirms the commitment to the development of a new model of U.S.-China military-to-military relations, which is an integral part of the bilateral relationship between the two nations.