Techniques for conditioning of Ta filaments for improved bonding and emission with a Ta metal powder-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ mixture are described. A porous Ta metal layer is deposited which restricts sample to the filament. Metal- oxide ion emission is enhanced with additional Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ to the porous layer. Reduction of fractionation through action of liquid Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ is discussed in particular for Sr+ emission. Use of conditioned filaments for rapid U concentration analysis with a single-filament mass spectrometer is emphasized. (auth)

This report outlines the detailed design and system analysis of a solar industrial process steam system for the Lone Star Brewery. The industrial plant has an average natural gas usage of 12.7 MMcf per month. The majority of this energy goes to producing process steam of 125 psi and 353/sup 0/F at about 50,000 lb/h, with this load dropping to about 6000 lb/h on the weekends. The maximum steam production of the solar energy system is about 1700 lb/h. The climatic conditions at the industrial site give 50% of the possible amount of sunshine during the winter months and more than 70% during the summer months. The long-term yearly average daily total radiation on a horizontal surface is 1574 Btu/day-ft/sup 2/, the long-term yearly average daytime ambient temperature is 72/sup 0/F, and the percentage of clear day insolation received on the average day of the year is 62%. The solar steam system will consist of 9450 ft/sup 2/ of Solar Kinetics T-700 collectors arranged in fifteen 90-ft long rows through which 67.5 gpm of Therminol T-55 is pumped. This hot Therminol then transfers the heat collected to a Patterson-Kelley Series 380 unfired steam boiler. The solar-produced steam is then metered …

The processing of Al fuel, principally of the MTR-ETR type, is reported. Processing rate averaged 90% of flow sheet values for the entire operating period, and a U recovery of 99.85% was achieved. Aqueous Zr fuel processing studles continued with the objective of adapting the HF process to continuous dissolution-complexing in order to increase the capacity of the ICPP process while using as much existing equipment as possible to minimize costs. Good results were indicated in a 190-hr run dissolving 2% U-Zr fuel in a Monel dissolver using 4.8M HF-0.03M HNO/sub 3/ dissolvent at 200 deg F; insoluble material did not accumulate in the dissolver, although a U-containing film was formed, apparently in small, equilibrium quantity. Shorter term continuous laboratory dissolutions indicated that 4.8M acid was preferable to 10M acid for the acid feed rate/fuel surface ratios proposed, resulting in dissolver products of greater stability and higher uranium content. Additional laboratory data are presented on UF/sub 4/ hydrate form and solubility, together with maximum dissolvable U compositions with Zircaloy under various flowsheet condltions. Processing of Al alloys containing high Si was found to present no unusual problems in laboratory studies. Siliceous residues resulting from dissolution of Al-U alloys containing 2% …

The possible effects of a hydrogen atmosphere in reducing film deposition were studied in the large circulating loop and in rocking cell and pyrolytic capsule tests. At H/sub 2/ pressures of 200 to 400 psig no reduction in film weight deposited was observed in the loop tests, and in the pyrolytic tests film deposits were doubled. Heat conductivity of the films was much higher however. ln these high ash films the inorganic constituent was found to be alpha -Fe rather than the usual magnetite, which seems to account for the heat conductivity. Separation of benzene-insoluble material from high boiler and coolant was accomplished by centrifugation and by deposition on glass. The material was closely related to film formation. The nature of the inorganic and organic constituents of this material was examined in several analytical studies. Advances in the techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance, O/sub 2/ analysis, measurement of chromatograms, application of computers, and other methods were made. It was demonstrated by use of Fe5/sup 59/ that irradiated terphenyl under air attacks Fe rapidly and possibly the Fe is in solution as a chelate or other complex. It also was indicated by some tests that such a soluble form of Fe …

Under sponsorship from the US Department of Energy, technical personnel from the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) and other DOE laboratories, universities and private industry have completed a full scale demonstration of environmental remediation using horizontal wells. This demonstration was performed as Phase I of an Integrated Demonstration Project designed to evaluate innovative remediation technologies for environmental restoration of sites contaminated with organic contaminants. The demonstration utilized two directionally drilled horizontal wells to deliver gases and extract contaminants from the subsurface. The resulting in situ air stripping process was designed to remediate soils and sediments above and below the water table as well as groundwater contaminated with volatile organic contaminants. The 139 day long test successfully removed volatile chlorinated solvents from the subsurface using the two horizontal wells. One well, approximately 300 ft (90m) long and 165 ft (50m) deep drilled below a contaminant plume in the groundwater, was used to inject air and strip the contaminants from the groundwater. A second horizontal well, approximately 175 ft (53m) long and 75 ft (23m) deep in the vadose zone, was used to extract residual contamination in the vadose zone along with the material purged from the groundwater. Pretest and posttest characterization data …

The Hanford metal wastes were divided into four categories: supernate - the liquid waste; hard sludge - dense agglomerates of poorly defined crystalline carbonates approximating the hardness of soft blackboard chalk; soft sludge - an easily slurried semi-solid consisting chiefly of needle-like phosphates; and recombined sludge - a representative sample of the solid wastes as received from Hanford, shown to be a mixture of hard and soft sludges in the ratio 2/3 by weight. The density of supernate, in the temperature range 24 to 74/sup 0/C, varied from 1.130 to 1.103 g/ml. Hard sludge density averaged 3.0 g/ml and that of soft sludge averaged 1.84 g/ml. The consistency, or apparent viscosity, as a function of temperature, shear rate, and solids content was measured individually on slurries of recombined, soft, and hard sludges using supernate as the suspending medium. Settling rates were also run on these 3 slurries as a function of solids content.

There is a general paucity of measured equipment load datafor laboratories and other complex buildings and designers often useestimates based on nameplate rated data or design assumptions from priorprojects. Consequently, peak equipment loads are frequentlyoverestimated, and load variation across laboratory spaces within abuilding is typically underestimated. This results in two design flaws.Firstly, the overestimation of peak equipment loads results in over-sizedHVAC systems, increasing initial construction costs as well as energy usedue to inefficiencies at low part-load operation. Secondly, HVAC systemsthat are designed without accurately accounting for equipment loadvariation across zones can significantly increase simultaneous heatingand cooling, particularly for systems that use zone reheat fortemperature control. Thus, when designing a laboratory HVAC system, theuse of measured equipment load data from a comparable laboratory willsupport right-sizing HVAC systems and optimizing their configuration tominimize simultaneous heating and cooling, saving initial constructioncosts as well as life-cycle energy costs.In this paper, we present datafrom recent studies to support the above thesis. We first presentmeasured equipment load data from two sources: time-series measurementsin several laboratory modules in a university research laboratorybuilding; and peak load data for several facilities recorded in anational energy benchmarking database. We then contrast this measureddata with estimated values that are typically used …

This cleanup verification package documents completion of removal actions for the 105-H Reactor Ancillary Support Areas, Below-Grade Structures, and Underlying Soils (subsite 118-H-6:2); 105-H Reactor Fuel Storage Basin and Underlying Soils (118-H-6:3); and Fuel Storage Basin Deep Zone Side Slope Soils. This CVP also documents remedial actions for the following seven additional waste sties: French Drain C (100-H-9), French Drain D (100-H-10), Expansion Box French Drain E (100-H-11), Expansion Box French Drain F (100-H-12), French Drain G (100-H-13), Surface Contamination Zone H (100-H-14), and the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Surface Contamination Zone (100-H-31).

When highly polished metal surfaces melt upon release after shock loading, they exhibit a number of features that suggest that significant surface changes accompany the phase transition. The reflection of light from such surfaces changes from specular (pre-shock) to diffuse upon melting. A familiar manifestation of this phenomenon is the loss of signal light in velocimetric measurements typically observed above pressures high enough to melt the free-surface. Unlike many other potential material phase-sensitive diagnostics (e.g., reflectometery, conductivity), changes in the specularity of reflection provide a dramatic, sensitive indicator of the solid-liquid phase transition. Data will be presented from multiple diagnostics that support the hypothesis that specularity changes indicate melt. These diagnostics include shadowgraphy, infrared imagery, high-magnification surface images, interferometric velocimetry, and most recently scattering angle measurements.

The spectroscopy of neutron-rich {sup 109,110,111,112}Ru nuclei was studied by measuring the prompt {gamma} rays originated from fission fragments, produced by the {sup 238}U({alpha},f) fusion-fission reaction, in coincidence with the detection of both fragments. For {sup 109,111}Ru, both the negative-parity (h{sub 11/2} orbitals) and positive-parity (g{sub 7/2} and/or d{sub 5/2} orbitals) bands were extended to substantially higher spin and excitation energy than known previously. The ground-state and {gamma}-vibrational bands of {sup 110,112}Ru also were extended to higher spin, allowing observation of the second band crossing at the rotational frequency of {approx}450 keV in {sup 112}Ru, which is {approx}50 keV above the first band crossing. At a similar rotational frequency, the first band crossing for the h{sub 11/2} band in {sup 111}Ru was observed, which is absent in {sup 109}Ru. These band crossings most likely are caused by the alignment of the g{sub 9/2} proton pair. This early onset of the band crossing for the aligned {pi}g{sub 9/2} orbitals may be evidence of a triaxial shape transition from prolate to oblate occurring in {sup 111}Ru. The data together with a comparison of cranked shell model predictions are presented.

The study of meteorite Murray has been reported in previous Quarterly Reports. This report gives further results with Murray, and information on another meteorite, Orgueil. A sample of Orgueil was sent from the Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, Paris. It fell in several pieces over an area of 2 square miles near Orgueil, France, in 1864. The elemental analysis of this meteorite is shown in Table 1. They extracted a 10.07-g sample of this meteorite with water, using the same procedure as that for Murray. The water extracted 1.32 g, which is at least twice as much material as was water-extracted from Murray. The elemental analysis of the water extract is given in Table II and its uv spectrum is shown in Figure 1. From an x-ray diffraction pattern it was determined that the water extract contained mostly MgSO{sub 4} {center_dot} 6H{sub 2}O with some calcium sulfate. Their spectrum (Figure 2) shows a strong SO{sub 4} band at 1100 cm{sup -1}, = strong H{sub 2}O bands at 1650 cm{sup -1} and 3200-3600 cm{sup -1}, and some unidentified peaks at 2300, 1400, and 980 cm{sup -1}. The approximately 8 g of Orgueil left after the water extraction was then extracted with …

Use of a one-dimensional model of longitudinal space-charge(SC) impedance has been proposed for studying the microbunchinginstability in single-pass delivery systems relevant for the nextgeneration of FELs. For beams with uniform transverse density andcircular cross-section of radius r_b the SC impedance can be expressed ina handy analytical form, making this model particularly convenient. Inthis report we show how with an appropriate choice of r_b one can usethis as an effective-beam model to approximate beams with non-axissymmetric and non-uniform transverse densities.

A fracture within a porous background is modeled as a thin porous layer with increased compliance and finite permeability. For small layer thickness, a set of boundary conditions can be derived that relate particle velocity and stress across a fracture, induced by incident poroelastic waves. These boundary conditions are given via phenomenological parameters that can be used to examine and characterize the seismic response of a fracture. One of these parameters, here it is called membrane permeability, is shown through several examples to control the scattering amplitude of the slow P waves for very low-permeability fractures, which in turn controls the intrinsic attenuation of the waves.

This paper investigates how critical-peak pricing (CPP)affects households with different usage and income levels, with the goalof informing policy makers who are considering the implementation of CPPtariffs in the residential sector. Using a subset of data from theCalifornia Statewide Pricing Pilot of 2003-2004, average load changeduring summer events, annual percent bill change, and post-experimentsatisfaction ratings are calculated across six customer segments,categorized by historical usage and income levels. Findings show thathigh-use customers respond significantly more in kW reduction than dolow-use customers, while low-use customers save significantly more inpercentage reduction of annual electricity bills than do high-usecustomers results that challenge the strategy of targeting only high-usecustomers for CPP tariffs. Across income levels, average load and billchanges were statistically indistinguishable, as were satisfaction ratesresults that are compatible with a strategy of full-scale implementationof CPP rates in the residential sector. Finally, the high-use customersearning less than $50,000 annually were the most likely of the groups tosee bill increases about 5 percent saw bill increases of 10 percent ormore suggesting that any residential CPP implementation might considertargeting this customer group for increased energy efficiencyefforts.

Use of grooved vacuum chambers have been suggested as a wayto limitelectron cloud accumulation in the ILC-DR. We report onsimulations carried out using an augmented version of POSINST, accountingfor e-cloud dynamics in the presence of grooves, and make contact withprevious estimates of an effective secondary electron yield for groovedsurfaces.

We report a first combination of diamond anvil cell radialx-ray diffraction with in situ laser heating. The laser-heating setup ofALS beamline 12.2.2 was modified to allow one-sided heating of a samplein a diamond anvil cell with an 80 W yttrium lithium fluoride laser whileprobing the sample with radial x-ray diffraction. The diamond anvil cellis placed with its compressional axis vertical, and perpendicular to thebeam. The laser beam is focused onto the sample from the top while thesample is probed with hard x-rays through an x-ray transparentboron-epoxy gasket. The temperature response of preferred orientation of(Fe,Mg)O is probed as a test experiment. Recrystallization was observedabove 1500 K, accompanied by a decrease in stress.

The azimuthal Zernike coefficients for shells of Zernike functions with shell numbers n<N may be determined by making measurements at N equally spaced rotational positions. However, these measurements do not determine the coefficients of any of the purely radial Zernike functions. Label the circle that the azimuthal Zernikes are measured in as circle A. Suppose that the azimuthal Zernike coefficients for n<N are also measured in a smaller circle B which is inside circle A but offset so that it is tangent to circle A and so that it has the center of circle A just inside its circular boundary. The diameter of circle B is thus only slightly larger than half the diameter of circle A. From these two sets of measurements, all the Zernike coefficients may be determined for n<N. However, there are usually unknown small rigid body motions of the optic between measurements. Then all the Zernike coefficients for n<N except for piston, tilts, and focus may be determined. We describe the exact mathematical algorithm that does this and describe an interferometer which measures the complete wavefront from pinholes in pinhole aligners. These pinhole aligners are self-contained units which include a fiber optic, focusing optics, and a …

An important action item for the damping rings of theInternational Linear Collider (ILC) is to compute the broad-bandimpedance and, from it, the threshold to the microwave instability. Wereport on the status of our study and provide a preliminary estimate ofthe instability threshold based on impedance models developed sofar.

This thesis studies Monte Carlo simulations of QCD heavy flavor production processes (p{bar p} {yields} Q({anti Q})X) at hadron colliders. ISAJET bottom quark cross-sections are compared to the O({alpha} {sub s}{sup 3}) perturbative calculation of Nason, Dawson, and Ellis. These Monte Carlo cross-sections are computed from data samples which use different parton distribution functions and physics parameters. Distributions are presented in the heavy quark's transverse momentum and rapidity. Correlations in rapidity and azimuthal angle are computed for the heavy flavor pair. Theory issues which arise are the behavior of the cross-section at low and high values of transverse momentum and the treatment of double counting problems in the flavor excitation samples. An important result is that ISAJET overestimates bottom quark production cross-sections and K factors. These findings are relevant for estimates of rates and backgrounds of heavy floor events.

During the first year of the grant, we participated in three WOCE expeditions (a total of 152 days at sea) in the South Pacific Ocean, and the field phase of the proposed investigation has been successfully completed. The total CO[sub 2] concentration and pCO[sub 2] were determined at sea in 4419 water samples collected at 422 stations. On the basis of the shipboard analyses of SIO Reference Solutions for CO, and a comparison with the results of previous expeditions, the overall precision of our total CO[sub 2] determinations is estimated to be about [plus minus]2 uM/kg. The deep water data indicate that there is a CO[sub 2] maximum centered about 2600 meters deep. This appears to represent a southward return flow from the North Pacific. The magnitude and distribution of the CO, maximum observed along the 135.0[degrees]W meridian differ from those observed along the 150.5[degrees]W meridian due to Tuamotu Archipelago, a topographic high which interferes with the southward return flow. The surface water pCO[sub 2] data indicate that the South Pacific sub-tropical gyre water located between about 15[degrees]S and 50[degrees]S is a sink for atmospheric CO[sub 2].

Proposals to amend Appendix A of Part 440 of Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons are described. The proposals establish new specifications for the materials purchased for utilization in the weatherization of dwellings which qualify for assistance under Part 440. These proposed regulations prescribe the minimum requirements which must be met or exceeded by each type of material and the Federal standards to which they must conform. In addition, these regulations include installation requirements for each class of material installed at the request of the enduser. (MCW)

In the US the evolution of automated decision support tools for plant operators has spanned from ''event-oriented'' diagnostic systems to ''symptom-oriented'' computer-based emergency operating procedures. A problem common to both kind of systems is in the initial level of effort required for development of the associated models and software. In the following we will discuss some of the general issues that arise in the development and application of these decision-support systems. We will also propose and discuss an approach founded on the application of an event diagnosis and plant stabilization philosophy. This approach is based on the use of logic flowgraph process-oriented models - arranged in a modular architecture and developed with the aid of an expert-system model builder - as a possible means of achieving the development of an automated and integrated plant management system. This approach should allow the developer to achieve a high process recovery and management capability with a focused and controlled expenditure of development time and resources.

Construction of the experiment cavern on the 27th level of the SOUDAN iron mine in northern Minnesota began early this year and will be complete early in 1985. The first 1200 tons of the detector itself is also under construction in the US and UK; installation will begin in mid 1985. Physics exploitation will begin early in 1986 and the first 1200 ton module will be complete early in 1987. The detector may be expanded to between 3 and 5 such modules in the cavern. The detector is an iron tracking calorimeter (rho = 2) consisting of stacks of corrugated steel sheets each 1.2 mm thick. The corrugations form hexagonal channels 1 m long and 16 mm in diameter. A uniform electric field along these channels is provided by the voltage grading arising from the constant standing current in the Hytrel tubes (rho = 2 x 10/sup 12/ ..cap omega.. cm) that line each channel. The tubes are insulated from the steel by sheets of mylar. Ionization in the gas in the tubes drifts in the uniform field to the end of the tube where it is amplified linearly and detected by a matrix of anode wires and cathode strips. …

The electronic excitation cross sections leading to H/sub 2/(v'') molecules are discussed. The effect of shortening the length of the first chamber of a tandem configuration for the purpose of reducing the atomic concentration is shown to enhance the extracted current density.