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Analysis of alternatives for immobilized low activity waste disposal
This report presents a study of alternative disposal system architectures and implementation strategies to provide onsite near-surface disposal capacity to receive the immobilized low-activity waste produced by the private vendors. The analysis shows that a flexible unit strategy that provides a suite of design solutions tailored to the characteristics of the immobilized low-activity waste will provide a disposal system that best meets the program goals of reducing the environmental, health, and safety impacts; meeting the schedule milestones; and minimizing the life-cycle cost of the program.
Date:
October 28, 1997
Creator:
Burbank, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-color infrared thermometer for low-temperature measurement using a hollow glass optical fiber
In the thermometer, radiation from a target is collected via a single 700 {mu}m-bore hollow glass optical fiber coated with a metallic/dielectric layer on the inner surface, simultaneously split into two paths and modulated by a Au-coated reflective chopper, and focused onto two thermoelectrically cooled mid-infrared HgCdZnTe photoconductors by 128.8 mm-radius Au-coated spherical mirrors. The photoconductors have spectral bandpasses of 2-6 {mu}m and 2.12 {mu}m, respectively. The modulated detector signals are recovered using lock- in amplification. The two signals are calibrated using a blackbody (emissivity=1) of known temperature, and exponential fits are applied to the two resulting voltage vs temperature curves. Using the two calibration equations, a computer algorithm calculates the temperature and emissivity of a target in real time, taking into account reflection of the background radiation field from the target surface.
Date:
February 28, 1997
Creator:
Small, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser-produced plasma sensor-probe system for in situ molten metal analysis. Final technical report
The radically new methodology of in-situ laser-produced plasma (LPP) analysis of molten metals, as developed at Lehigh University, has been implemented into an LPP sensor-probe system, ready for deployment at steelmaking facilities. The system consists of an LPP sensor-probe head, which is immersed into the molten metal bath for the short duration of measurement, a control console, an umbilical cord connecting the above two units, and a support console providing coolants and pneumatic supports to the control console. The Department of Energy funding has supported Phase III-A and -B of the project in a joint sponsorship with AISI, CTU 5-2 Consortium, and Lehigh University. The objectives have been to: (1) implement the molten metal calibration protocol for the LPP analysis methodology; (2) implement the methodology in the form of a second-generation LPP sensor-probe system, which facilitates real-time process control by in-situ determination of elemental composition of molten steel alloys; (3) deploy such developmental systems in steelmaking facilities; (4) upgrade the systems to a third-generation design; and (5) effect technology transfer by selecting a manufacturer of commercial LPP sensor-probe systems. Four of the five objectives have been fully met. The deployment objective has been partially realized at present. The full LPP …
Date:
January 28, 1997
Creator:
Kim, Y.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Regulation of coal polymer degradation by fungi. Tenth Quartery report, October 1996--December 1996
It has long been known that low rank coal such as leonardite can be solubilized by strong base (>pH 12). Recent discoveries have also shown that leonardite is solubilized by Lewis bases at considerably lower pH values and by fungi that secrete certain Lewis bases (i.e., oxalate ion). During the current reporting period we have studied the ability of a strong base (sodium hydroxide, pH 12), and two fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor, to solubilize Argonne Premium Coals. In general, Argonne Premium Coals were relatively resistant to base mediated solubilization. However, when these coals were preoxidized (150{degrees}C for seven days), substantial amounts of several coals were solubilized. Most affected were the Lewiston-Stockton bituminous coal, the Beulah-Zap lignite, the Wyodak-Anderson subbituminous coal and the Blind Canyon bituminous coal. Argonne Premium Coals were previously shown by us to be relatively resistant to solubilization by sodium oxalate. When preoxidized coals were treated with sodium oxalate, only the Beulah-Zap lignite was substantially solubilized. Although very small amounts of the other preoxidized coals were solubilized by treatment with oxalate, the small amount of solubilization that did take place was generally increased relative to that observed for coals that were not preoxidized. None of the …
Date:
January 28, 1997
Creator:
Irvine, R. L. & Bumpus, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appalachian clean coal technology consortium. Technical quarterly progress report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996
Novel chemicals that can be used for increasing the efficiency of fine coal dewatering was developed at Virginia Tech. During the past quarter, Reagent A was tested on three different coal samples in laboratory vacuum filtration tests. These included flotation products from Middle Fork plant, Elkview Mining Company, and CONSOL, Inc. The tests conducted with the Middle Fork coal sample (100 mesh x 0) showed that cake moisture can be reduced by more than 10% beyond what can be achieved without using dewatering aid. This improvement was achieved at 1 lb/ton of Reagent A and 0.1 inch cake thickness. At 0.5 inches of cake thickness, the improvement was limited to 8% at the same reagent dosage. The results obtained with the Elkview coal (28 mesh x 0) showed similar advantages in using the novel dewatering aid. Depending on the reagent dosage, cake thickness, drying cycle time and temperature, it was possible to reduce the cake moisture to 12 to 14% rage. In addition to achieving lower cake moisture, the use of Reagent A substantially decreased the cake formation time, indicating that the reagent improves the kinetics of dewatering. The test results obtained with CONSOL coal were not as good as …
Date:
January 28, 1997
Creator:
Yoon, R. H.; Basim, B.; Luttrell, G. H. & Phillips, D. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appalachian clean coal technology consortium
Novel chemicals that can be used for increasing the efficiency of fine coal dewatering was developed at Virginia Tech. During the past quarter, Reagent A was tested on three different coal samples in laboratory vacuum filtration tests. these included flotation products from Middle Fork plant, Elkview Mining Company, and CONSOL, Inc. the tests conducted with the Middle Fork coal sample (100 mesh x 0) showed that cake moisture can be reduced by more than 10% beyond what can be achieved without using dewatering aid. This improvement was achieved at 1 lb/ton of Reagent A and 0.1 inch cake thickness. At 0. 5 inches of cake thickness, this improvement was limited to 8% at the same reagent dosage. the results obtained with the Elkview coal (28 mesh x 0) showed similar advantages in using the novel dewatering aid. Depending on the reagent dosage, cake thickness, drying cycle time and temperature, it was possible to reduce the cake moisture to 12 to 14% rage. In addition to achieving lower cake moisture, the use of Reagent A substantially decreased the cake formation time, indicating that the reagent improves the kinetics of dewatering, The test results obtained with CONSOL coal were not as good …
Date:
January 28, 1997
Creator:
Yoon, R. H.; Basim, B.; Luttrell, G. H.; Phillips, D. I.; Jiang, D.; Tao, D. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Co-firing high sulfur coal with refuse derived fuels. Technical progress report No. 10, January 1997--March 1997
In previous progress reports, we reported our study on the proposed mechanism for the formation of chlorinated organics during combustion, in which molecular chlorine is thought to be the key starting material. The objective of this quarter of study was to quantitatively test the inhibiting effect of SO{sub 2} on the formation of Cl{sub 2} during the combustion of MSW. The experiments were conducted under conditions close to those employed in the AFBC system. The principle analytical technique used for identification of the products from these experiments was GC/MS system. The results indicate that the production of Cl{sub 2} decreases when the concentration of SO{sub 2} in the gaseous mixture increases.
Date:
February 28, 1997
Creator:
Pan, Wei-Ping; Riley, J. T. & Lloyd, W. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methods for fabricating arrays of holes using interference lithography
Optical interference lithography offers a robust patterning technology capable of achieving high spatial resolution over extremely large field sizes ( {approx}1 m ). Here, we compare two different approaches for fabricating arrays of holes using interferometric techniques. We show that by applying an image reversal process to standard two-beam interference lithography, arrays of high aspect ratio holes can be generated. This process scales to submicron periods and allows holes as small as 0.1 micron to be patterned. Next, we present an analysis of the multiple-beam approach for patterning holes. We demonstrate that while the formation of higher contrast intensity patterns is possible by interfering four or more beams, the shape and modulation depth of such patterns are inherently sensitive to relative phase variations.
Date:
May 28, 1997
Creator:
Fernandez, A.; Decker, J. Y.; Herman, S. M.; Phillion, D. W.; Sweeney, D. W. & Perry, M. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structure-Based Predictive Model for Coal Char Combustion Quarterly Technical Progress Report: October - December 1996
The first quarter of this project was used to carry out a detailed planning process to coordinate the various aspects of this collaborative effort. A workshop was held at Brown University on December 4, 1996, attended by all project participants and key visitors, in which presentations were given by the principal investigators on their respective subtasks. The planning process culminated in the completion of a comprehensive document submitted to DOE / FETC under separate cover. Following the planning exercise, research work was initiated and will be continued in the second project quarter.
Date:
March 28, 1997
Creator:
Hurt, R.; Calo, J.; Essenhigh, R.; Hadad, C. & Stanley, E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessing potential future environmental legal events
This report addresses the topic of environmental citizenship in the United States. The term refers to responsibilities each of us have with respect to helping our communities and nation make sound environmental decisions. This research centers on the citizens and what we ought to be doing, as opposed to what the government ought to be doing for us, to improve environmental citizenship. This report examines four central questions: What are the requirements (i.e., responsibilities) of citizenship vis-a-vis environmental decision- making processes; what constraints limit people`s ability to meet these requirements; what does our form of governance do to help or hinder in meeting these requirements; and what recommendations can be put forth to improve public participation in environmental decision making?
Date:
October 28, 1997
Creator:
Tonn, B. & Petrich, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary report on coal pile, coal pile runoff basins, and ash basins at the Savannah River Site: effects on groundwater
Coal storage piles, their associated coal pile runoff basins and ash basins could potentially have adverse environmental impacts, especially on groundwater. This report presents and summarizes SRS groundwater and soil data that have been compiled. Also, a result of research conducted on the subject topics, discussions from noted experts in the field are cited. Recommendations are made for additional monitor wells to be installed and site assessments to be conducted.
Date:
April 28, 1997
Creator:
Palmer, E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance measurement and analysis techniques for parallel and distributed programs. Technical progress report, August 1, 1996--May 31, 1997
This report summarizes the authors technical progress during the first year of their three year proposal. This research is centered about the Paradyn Parallel Performance Tools. They include a summary of research accomplishments, technical transfers, and a list of papers written under this grant. The authors have made good progress on their research goals and have a strong outlook for the coming year.
Date:
May 28, 1997
Creator:
Miller, B.P. & Hollingsworth, J.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface Inspection Machine Infrared (SIMIR). Final CRADA report
This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement was a one year effort to make the surface inspection machine based on diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (Surface Inspection Machine-Infrared, SIMIR), being developed by Surface Optics Corporation, perform to its highest potential as a practical, portable surface inspection machine. The design function of the SIMIR is to inspect metal surfaces for cleanliness (stains). The system is also capable of evaluating graphite-resin systems for cure and heat damage, and for measuring the effects of moisture exposure on lithium hydride, corrosion on uranium metal, and the constituents of and contamination on wood, paper, and fabrics. Over the period of the CRADA, extensive experience with the use of the SIMIR for surface cleanliness measurements have been achieved through collaborations with NASA and the Army. The SIMIR was made available to the AMTEX CRADA for Finish on Yarn where it made a very significant contribution. The SIMIR was the foundation of a Forest Products CRADA that was developed over the time interval of this CRADA. Surface Optics Corporation and the SIMIR have been introduced to the chemical spectroscopy on-line analysis market and have made staffing additions and arrangements for international marketing of the SIMIR as an on-line surface …
Date:
February 28, 1997
Creator:
Powell, G. L.; Neu, J. T. & Beecroft, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radioactive effluents in Savannah River. Summary report for 1996
During 1996, the radioactive effluents in the Savannah River were generally comparable to (or lower than) those observed during the earlier years of these studies, being orders of magnitude below DOE and EPA/CFR guide levels. Relative to SRS and Plant Vogtle, the upstream site at Shell Bluff and the downstream side at Highway 301 Bridge are the only resin sampler sites still in service. Vogtle associated activities were largest during June to August, and they are dominated by {sup 60}Co as was the case in 1995. In earlier years, Vogtle effluents had been dominated by {sub 58}Co. The maximum observed {sub 58}Co and {sub 60}Co were 52 fCi/L and 162 fCi/L; however, values an order of magnitude greater are projected just downstream of Plant Vogtle, as noted earlier. In addition to {sub 58}Co and {sub 60}Co, Vogtle activities for {sub 54}Mn was correlated. SRS associated gamma activities were for {sub 137}Cs, which were observed at levels consistent with known SRS sources. In 1996, an isotope-specific resin was used for cesium collection, and this resulted in a maximum observed {sub 137}Cs of 85 fCi/L at Highway 301 Bridge. The standard resin yielded a maximum of 54 fCi/L, which is comparable to …
Date:
May 28, 1997
Creator:
Winn, Willard G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The design of a Phase I non site-specific Centralized Interim Storage Facility
The Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) recently completed a Topical Safety Analysis Report (TSAR) for a Phase 1 non site specific Centralized Interim Storage Facility (CISF). The TSAR will be used in licensing the CISF when and if a site is designated. The combined Phase 1 and Phase 2 CISF will provide federal storage capability for 40,000 metric tons of uranium (MTU) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) under the oversight of the DOE. The Phase 1 TSAR was submitted to the NRC on May 1, 1997 and is currently under review having been docketed on June 10, 1997. This paper generally describes the Phase 1 CISF design and its operations as presented in the CISF TSAR.
Date:
October 28, 1997
Creator:
Stringer, J. & Kane, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance acceptance test of a portable instrument to detect uranium in water at the DOE Advanced Waste Water Treatment Plant, Fernald, Ohio
The Eppendorf-Biotronik Model IC 2001-2, a portable field ruggedized ion chromatography instrument, was rigorously tested at the DOE Advanced Waste Water Treatment Plant, Fernald, Ohio. This instrument rapidly detected the uranium concentration in water, and has a detection limit in the low ppb range without using the sample concentrating feature. The test set of samples analyzed included: ``Real World`` water samples from the AWWT containing uranium concentrations in the 9--110 ppb range, a sample blank, and a performance evaluation sample. The AWWT samples contained sets of both raw water and acid-preserved water samples. Selected samples were analyzed in quadruplicate to asses the instrument`s precision, and these results were compared with the results from an off-site confirmatory laboratory to assess the instrument`s accuracy. Additional comparisons with on-site laboratory instruments, Chemcheck KPA-11 and Scintrex UA-3 are reported. Overall, the Eppendorf-Biotronik IC 2001-2 performed exceptionally well providing a detection limit in the low ppb region (< 10 ppb) and giving rapid (< 5 minutes) accurate and reproducible analytical results for the AWWT, ``real world``, water samples with uranium concentrations in the region of interest (10--40 ppb). The per sample operating cost for this instrument is equivalent to the per sample cost for the …
Date:
March 28, 1997
Creator:
Anderson, M.S. & Weeks, S.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methods used in WARP3d, a three-dimensional PIC/accelerator code
WARP-3d(1,2), a three-dimensional PIC/accelerator code, has been developed over several years and has played a major role in the design and analysis of space-charge dominated beam experiments being carried out by the heavy-ion fusion programs at LLNL and LBNL. Major features of the code will be reviewed, including: residence corrections which allow large timesteps to be taken, electrostatic field solution with subgrid scale resolution of internal conductor boundaries, and a beat beam algorithm. Emphasis will be placed on new features and capabilities of the code, which include: a port to parallel processing environments, space-charge limited injection, and the linking of runs covering different sections of an accelerator. Representative applications in which the new features and capabilities are used will be presented along with the important results.
Date:
February 28, 1997
Creator:
Grote, D. P.; Friedman, A. & Haber, I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monitoring and data analysis for the Vadose Zone Monitoring System (VZMS), McClellan AFB. Quarterly status report
This report contains information on field and laboratory work performed between January and May 15th 1997 at site S-7 in IC 34, at McClellan AFB. At this location, a Vadose Zone Monitoring System (VZMS) is currently being used to collect subsurface data including hydraulic potential, soil gas pressure, moisture content, water chemistry, gas chemistry, and temperature. Due to delays in the completion of the above-ground installations, data collection did not commence until mid-February. As a result, the data presented in this report is preliminary.
Date:
May 28, 1997
Creator:
Zawislanski, P.T.; Salve, R. & Freifeld, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test plan for composting studies involving weight and volume reduction of leaf and stalk biomass: DOE/OTD TTP{number_sign} SR17SS53 {ampersand} TTP{number_sign} SR18SS41
SRTC and a panel of experts from off-site previously determined that composting was the most attractive alternative for reducing the volume and weight of biomass that was slightly radioactive. The SRTC proposed scope of work for Subtask 2 of TTP{number_sign} SR17SS53 and TTP{number_sign} SR18SS41 involves bench scale studies to assess the rates and efficiencies of various composting schemes for volume and weight reduction of leaf and stalk biomass (SB). Ultimately, the data will be used to design a composting process for biomass proposed by MSE for phytoremediation studies at SRS. This could drastically reduce costs for transporting and disposing of contaminated biomass resulting from a future major phytoremediation effort for soil clean-up at the site. The composting studies at SRTC includes collaboration with personnel from the University of Georgia, who will conduct chemical analyses of the plant material after harvest, pre-treatment, and composting for specific time periods. Parameters to be measured will include: lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, carbon and nitrogen. The overall objective of this project is to identify or develop: (1) an inexpensive source of inoculum (consisting of nutrients and/or microorganisms) capable of significantly enhancing biomass degradation, (2) an optimum range of operating parameters for the composting process, and (3) …
Date:
May 28, 1997
Creator:
Wilde, E.W.; Kastner, J.; Murphy, C. & Santo Domingo, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The equivalence principle of quantum mechanics: Uniqueness theorem
Recently the authors showed that the postulated diffeomorphic equivalence of states implies quantum mechanics. This approach takes the canonical variables to be dependent by the relation p = {partial_derivative}{sub q}S{sub 0} and exploits a basic GL(2,C)-symmetry which underlies the canonical formalism. In particular, they looked for the special transformations leading to the free system with vanishing energy. Furthermore, they saw that while on the one hand the equivalence principle cannot be consistently implemented in classical mechanics, on the other it naturally led to the quantum analogue of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, thus implying the Schroedinger equation. In this letter they show that actually the principle uniquely leads to this solution. The authors also express the canonical and Schroedinger equations by means of the brackets recently introduced in the framework of N = 2 SYM. These brackets are the analogue of the Poisson brackets with the canonical variables taken as dependent.
Date:
October 28, 1997
Creator:
Faraggi, A.E. & Matone, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Increasing Waterflood Reserves in the Wilmington Oil Field Through Improved Reservoir Characterization and Reservoir Management.
The objectives of this quarterly report are to summarize the work conducted under each task during the reporting period April - June 1997 and to report all technical data and findings as specified in the `Federal Assistance Reporting Checklist`. The main objective of this project is the transfer of technologies, methodologies, and findings developed and applied in this project to other operators of Slope and Basin Clastic Reservoirs. This project will study methods to identify sands with high remaining oil saturation and to recomplete existing wells using advanced completion technology. The identification of the sands with high remaining oil saturation will be accomplished by developing a deterministic three dimensional (3-D) geologic model and by using a state of the art reservoir management computer software. The wells identified by the geologic and reservoir engineering work as having the best potential will be logged with a pulsed acoustic cased-hole logging tool. The application of the logging tools will be optimized in the lab by developing a rock-log model. This rock-log model will allow us to convert shear wave velocity measured through casing into effective porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. The wells that are shown to have the best oil production potential will be …
Date:
July 28, 1997
Creator:
Koerner, Roy; Clarke, Don; Walker, Scott; Phillips, Chris; Nauyen, John; Moos, Dan et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Roll forming technology for manufacturing axisymmetric automotive components
A unique roll forming technology that permits complex axisymmetric components, such as automobile wheels and turbine disks, to be formed in a single forming operation, has been developed by two Russian Institute, the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center and the Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems. This process was used to fabricate automobile wheels from a Russian AVT alloy, a 6010 aluminum alloy equivalent. The process included steps of isothermal roll forming of preforms into wheels shapes, all at 430C for the AVT alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated at various locations in the finished wheels by optical metallography and tensile testing at elevated temperatures. Tensile properties were obtained by stain-rate change tests and tensile tests to failure at high strain rates. Microstructure and mechanical propertied of the preforms and blanks were also evaluated. The results indicate that dynamically recovered microstructures were developed during the processing, which showed relatively high strain rate sensitivity and rendered sufficiently plasticity at the elevated temperature for wheel fabrication process.
Date:
October 28, 1997
Creator:
Syn, C. K.; Lesuer, D. R.; Bieh, T. G.; Yang, H. S.; Brown, K. R.; Kaibyshev, R. O. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of prion peptides and proteins
None
Date:
August 28, 1997
Creator:
Heller, J.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formation and Sustainment of a Very Low Aspect Ratio Tokamak Using Coaxial Helicity Injection. Final Report, June 1, 1995--May 31, 1997
During the reporting period of this HIT grant (1 June 1995--31 May 1997) we`ve conducted further stability analysis, used the TIP diagnostic to measure plasma fields in HIT, and developed a single-parameter helicity injector model. HIT has undergone a significant upgrade to the HIT-II configuration which is described here. Parts for HIT-II have been designed, ordered, and received under this grant and are being assembled under the subsequent grant.
Date:
August 28, 1997
Creator:
Jarboe, T. R. & Nelson, B. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library