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Management and Retrieval of Historical Nuclear Waste Previously Prepared and Concreted for Sea Disposal
This paper describes the approach of dealing with an historic legacy of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations, which arose as a result of the temporary cessation of sea disposal in 1983. The result of that cessation was an accumulation of 1,000 reinforced concrete lined steel drums containing intermediate level nuclear waste of mixed chemical and physical form. Included are the steps taken which established a policy, the resulting strategy and the unique and innovative means by which the plan was implemented. The objective was to reduce the financial liability of the waste contained within the drums by removing those portions that had already decayed, segregating the waste in terms of non disposable and disposable isotopes, size reduction and long-term storage of the residues in a retrievable waste form. As part of this process the Company established a UK strategy which would ensure that the Company was self sufficient in radioactive waste handling storage facilities until the provision of a national facility, currently predicted to be approximately 2040.
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Abbott, H. & Davies, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trade Policymaking in the European Union: Institutional Framework
None
Date:
March 27, 2002
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges
None
Date:
March 27, 2002
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Novel Polymeric Materials for Gene Therapy and pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery: Modeling, Synthesis, Characterization, and Analysis
The underlying theme of this thesis is the use of polymeric materials in bioapplications. Chapters 2-5 either develop a fundamental understanding of current materials used for bioapplications or establish protocols and procedures used in characterizing and synthesizing novel materials. In chapters 6 and 7 these principles and procedures are applied to the development of materials to be used for gene therapy and drug delivery. Chapter one is an introduction to the ideas that will be necessary to understand the subsequent chapters, as well as a literature review of these topics. Chapter two is a paper that has been published in the ''Journal of Controlled Release'' that examines the mechanism of drug release from a polymer gel, as well as experimental design suggestions for the evaluation of water soluble drug delivery systems. Chapter three is a paper that has been published in the ''Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' that discusses the effect ionic salts have on properties of the polymer systems examined in chapter two. Chapter four is a paper published in the Materials Research Society Fall 2000 Symposium Series dealing with the design and synthesis of a pH-sensitive polymeric drug delivery device. Chapter five is a paper that has been published …
Date:
August 27, 2002
Creator:
Anderson, Brian Curtis
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Management Routes for the Paldiski Sarcophagi
The necessity to develop the submarine fleet in Russia required constructing a special training base for the training of submarine crews. To this purpose two prototypes of nuclear power units, close analogous to those fitting out nuclear submarines were constructed and commissioned in the sixties on the Navy training centre's base located in Paldiski (Pakri peninsula, Estonia). In 1994, nuclear fuel was discharged from the reactors and transported to Russia while the reactors themselves were prepared for prolonged storage, prior to transfer of the Paldiski facilities to the ownership of the Estonian Republic. The Paldiski facilities are currently being dismantled with the exception of two sarcophagi made of concrete that are housing the two reactor compartments. The question of the future management of both sarcophagi is a key-issue in the cleaning up of the whole Paldiski site. Actually, three basic questions should answered: when should dismantling operations occur, how this should be done, and what could be the corresponding cost. Within the context of enlargement of the European Union, the Commission services (first Directorate-General for Environment and then Directorate-General for Enlargement) decided to support Estonia to respond to these three questions through a study contract that was awarded in 1999 …
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Antonel, L.; Robin, B.; Miller, J. W.; Putnik, H. & Simanovski, Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization and recovery of solvent entrained during the use of centrifugal contactors.
In this work, we determined how a decanter for the aqueous effluents would work for solvent extraction operations using a centrifugal contactor. Solvent entrainment was measured in the raffinate and strip aqueous effluents in the caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process. Values were obtained for both the solvent concentration and its droplet size distribution. The mixing intensity of the two phases in the mixing zone of the contactor was used to simulate the performance of lab-scale, pilot-plant, and plant-scale contactors. The droplet size distributions were used to estimate the amount of solvent that would be recovered using a decanter tank. It was concluded that the performance of decanter tanks will not be as effective in solvent recovery in the CSSX plan as that of other equipment, such as centrifuges and coalescers. Future testing is recommended to verify the performance of this alternative equipment.
Date:
June 27, 2002
Creator:
Arafat, H. A.; Hash, M. C.; Hebden, A. S. & Leonard, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electric Power Interruption Cost Estimates for Individual Industries, Sectors, and U.S. Economy
During the last 20 years, utilities and researchers have begun to understand the value in the collection and analysis of interruption cost data. The continued investigation of the monetary impact of power outages will facilitate the advancement of the analytical methods used to measure the costs and benefits from the perspective of the energy consumer. More in-depth analysis may be warranted because of the privatization and deregulation of power utilities, price instability in certain regions of the U.S. and the continued evolution of alternative auxiliary power systems.
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Balducci, Patrick J.; Roop, Joseph M.; Schienbein, Lawrence A.; DeSteese, John G. & Weimar, Mark R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 32, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, September 27, 2002
Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 27, 2002
Creator:
Baldwin, Alisha
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
None
Date:
December 27, 2002
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operations Manual for the Portable NDA II Equipment (Version 2.2)
This document describes the operation and use of the Portable Nondestructive Assay (NDA) II equipment for use in the determination of {sup 235}U enrichment of uranium of various chemical forms and contained in different vessels. The Portable NDA II is the next generation NDA equipment assembled by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for the Department of Energy's Highly Enriched Uranium-Transparency Implementation Program (HEU-TIP). Presented in this document is an overview of the enrichment measurement methodology, instructions for the assembly and disassembly of the equipment, description of and user's guide for the UMeter enrichment meter software and a section on system troubleshooting. Also included herewith are facility-specific information and parameters for each of the HEU-processing sites subject to the HEU Transparency Implementation Program.
Date:
June 27, 2002
Creator:
Bandong, B B; Wong, J L; Valentine, J D & Decman, D J
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Observations of excessive hydrogen from transuranic waste type IV solidified organics.
A series of batch heatup experiments and a limited set of continuous data studies have provided qualitative evidence that several mechanisms for hydrogen production other than simple real-time radiolysis are causing unexpectedly high hydrogen emissions from some drums of transuranic solidified organic wastes.
Date:
June 27, 2002
Creator:
Barber, D. B.; Carney, K. P. & Demirgian, J. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Affordable Multi-Layer Ceramic (MLC) Manufacturing for Power Systems (AMPS)
McDermott Technology, Inc. (MTI) is attempting to develop high-performance, cost-competitive solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems. Recognizing the challenges and limitations facing the development of SOFC stacks comprised of electrode-supported cells and metallic interconnects, McDermott Technology, Inc. (MTI) has chosen to pursue an alternate path to commercialization. MTI is developing a multi-layer, co-fired, planar SOFC stack that will provide superior performance and reliability at reduced costs relative to competing designs. The MTI approach combines state-of-the-art SOFC materials with the manufacturing technology and infrastructure established for multi-layer ceramic (MLC) packages for the microelectronics industry. The rationale for using MLC packaging technology is that high quality, low-cost manufacturing has been demonstrated at high volumes. With the proper selection of SOFC materials, implementation of MLC fabrication methods offers unique designs for stacks (cells and interconnects) that are not possible through traditional fabrication methods. The MTI approach eliminates use of metal interconnects and ceramic-metal seals, which are primary sources of stack performance degradation. Co-fired cells are less susceptible to thermal cycling stresses by using material compositions that have closely matched coefficients of thermal expansion between the cell and the interconnect. The development of this SOFC stack technology was initiated in October 1999 under …
Date:
November 27, 2002
Creator:
Barringer, E. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Demonstrating and Deploying Private Sector Technologies at DOE Sites - Issues to be Overcome
The Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management (EM) continues to pursue cost-effective, environmental cleanup of the weapons complex sites with a concomitant emphasis on deployment of innovative technologies as a means to this end. The EM Office of Science and Technology (OST) pursues a strategy that entails identification of technologies that have potential applications throughout the DOE complex: at multiple DOE sites and at multiple facilities on those sites. It further encourages a competitive procurement process for the various applications entailed in the remediation of a given facility. These strategies require a competitive private-sector supplier base to help meet EM needs. OST supports technology development and deployment through investments in partnerships with private industry to enhance the acceptance of their technology products within the DOE market. Since 1992, OST and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) have supported the re search and development of technology products and services offered by the private sector. During this time, NETL has managed over 140 research and development projects involving industrial and university partners. These projects involve research in a broad range of EM related topics, including deactivation and decommissioning, characterization, monitoring, sensors, waste separation, groundwater remediation, robotics, and mixed waste treatment. …
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Bedick, R. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Powerplants: Vulnerability to Terrorist Attack
None
Date:
November 27, 2002
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2003: Energy and Water Development
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Energy and Water.
Date:
November 27, 2002
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E. & Humphries, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combating Terrorism: 2001 Congressional Debate on Emergency Supplemental Allocations
This report contains the 2001 Congressional debate on emergency supplemental allocations in combating terrorism, after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
Date:
September 27, 2002
Creator:
Belasco, Amy & Nowels, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effect of Oxygen Contamination on the Amorphous Structure of Thermally Sprayed Coatings of Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1
this research has shown that it is possible to deposit coatings of gas atomized Cu{sub 47}Ti{sub 33}Zr{sub 11}Ni{sub 8}Si{sub 1} powders containing various levels of oxygen contamination using plasma arc spray methods. The structure of the coating was found to depend primarily on the spray environment, with an argon atmosphere producing the most amorphous samples for a given starting powder. The oxygen content of the coatings reflected the relative levels of the oxygen contamination in the starting powders. The analysis of the starting powders displayed oxygen contents ranging from 0.125-0.79 wt.%. It was shown that higher oxygen levels lead to more crystalline structure in the starting powders as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This trend was found to be true for both the starting powders and for the plasma sprayed coatings. Chemical composition for all starting powders was very close to the nominal alloy composition. Chemical changes in the coatings involved the loss of Cu in coatings where high levels of oxidation were found. Cavitation erosion testing of selected coatings showed a weak trend that coatings prepared by vacuum plasma spray (VPS) had lower damage rates, but there was no clear data to indicate which …
Date:
May 27, 2002
Creator:
Besser, Matthew Frank
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Gunite Tanks Remediation Project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Successful Integration & Deployment of Technologies Results in Remediated Underground Storage Tanks
This paper presents an overview of the underground technologies deployed during the cleanup of nine large underground storage tanks (USTs) that contained residual radioactive sludge, liquid low-level waste (LLLW), and other debris. The Gunite Tanks Remediation Project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was successfully completed in 2001, ending with the stabilization of the USTs and the cleanup of the South Tank Farm. This U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) project was the first of its kind completed in the United States of America. The Project integrated robotic and remotely operated technologies into an effective tank waste retrieval system that safely retrieved more than 348 m3 (92,000 gal) of radioactive sludge and 3.15E+15 Bq (85,000 Ci) of radioactive contamination from the tanks. The Project successfully transferred over 2,385 m3 (630,000 gal) of waste slurry to ORNL's active tank waste management system. The project team avoided over $120 Million in costs and shortened the original baseline schedule by over 10 years. Completing the Gunite Tanks Remediation Project eliminated the risks posed by the aging USTs and the waste they contained, and avoid the $400,000 annual costs associated with maintaining and monitoring the tanks.
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Billingsley, K. & Bolling, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Mechanical Properties of ALCA PlusTM Cast Aluminum Amplifier Top Plates
The amplifier top plates are monolithic, cast aluminum structures from which the amplifier frame assembly units (FAUs), and the line-replaceable flash lamp units (LRUs) inside them, are hung on the support rails in the laser bays. When fully assembled, each plate must support a static weight of 10,600 or 16,000 pounds, depending upon whether two or three loaded FAUs are attached. The top plates are fabricated from ''ALCA Plus{trademark}'', a zinc-containing aluminum casting alloy similar in composition to some standard alloys in the 7000-series. For electrical reasons, all of the plate with the exception of the support ''ears'', is encased in epoxy as shown in Figure 1. The nominal chemistry of the aluminum alloy is summarized in Table 1 and the nominal mechanical characteristics are summarized in Table 2. For comparison, wrought alloys of similar composition in the 7000-series have ultimate strengths of approximately 33-76 ksi and elongations of 11-17%, depending upon the temper.
Date:
June 27, 2002
Creator:
Biltoft, P; Gourdin, W H; Sanchez, R J & Shen, T H
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Emulsion Formation in Solvent Washing in the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process
The effects on phase separation and emulsion formation of variables present in the caustic washing of solvent in the caustic-side solvent extraction process have been investigated. The evaluation program was performed in two experiments; results of the first experiment were used to determine conditions for the second test. In the first experiment, the effects of solvent degradation product concentrations (4-sec-butylphenol and dioctylamine), wash solution NaOH concentration, and solvent-to-wash solution volume ratio (O:A) on phase separation were examined. Phase separation performance was quantified in terms of the dimensionless dispersion number, which is also a variable used in the prediction of centrifugal contactor performance by computational means. In the second experiment, phase separation performance in a 5-cm centrifugal contactor was investigated as a function of contactor speed, aqueous-phase NaOH concentration, and solvent-to-wash volume ratio. Separation performance was quantified in terms of the maximum throughput that could be achieved without resulting in >1% contamination of either effluent phase with the opposing phase. Results of the first experiment indicated that none of the variables considered affected phase separation performance at a 95% significance level and that dioctylamine concentration was the only single factor that affected phase separation at a 90% significance level. The results …
Date:
June 27, 2002
Creator:
Birdwell, JR.J.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NWCF Evaporator Tank System 2001 Offgas Emissions Inventory
An offgas emissions inventory and liquid stream characterization of the Idaho New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) Evaporator Tank System (ETS), formerly known as the High Level Liquid Waste Evaporator (HLLWE), has been completed. The emissions rates of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, multiple metals, particulate, and hydrochloric acid were measured in accordance with an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP) and Test Plan that invoked U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard sample collection and analysis procedures. Offgas samples were collected during the start up and at the end of evaporator batches when it was hypothesized the emissions would be at peak rates. Corresponding collection of samples from the evaporator feed overhead condensate, and bottoms was made at approximately the same time as the emissions inventory to support material balance determinations for the evaporator process. The data indicate that organic compound emissions are slightly higher at the beginning of the batch while metals emissions, including mercury, are slightly higher at the end of the evaporator batch. The maximum emissions concentrations are low for all constituents of primary concern. Mercury emissions were less than 5 ppbv, while the sum of HCl and Cl2 emissions was less than 1 ppmv. The sum of …
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Boardman, R. D.; Lamb, K. M.; Matejka, L. A. & Nenni, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soil Characterization at the Linde FUSRAP Site and the Impact on Soil Volume Estimates
The former Linde site in Tonawanda, New York is currently undergoing active remediation of Manhattan Engineering District's radiological contamination. This remediation is authorized under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). The focus of this paper will be to describe the impact of soil characterization efforts as they relate to soil volume estimates and project cost estimates. An additional objective is to stimulate discussion about other characterization and modeling technologies, and to provide a ''Lessons Learned'' scenario to assist in future volume estimating at other FUSRAP sites. Initial soil characterization efforts at the Linde FUSRAP site in areas known to be contaminated or suspected to be contaminated were presented in the Remedial Investigation Report for the Tonawanda Site, dated February 1993. Results of those initial characterization efforts were the basis for soil volume estimates that were used to estimate and negotiate the current remediation contract. During the course of remediation, previously unidentified areas of contamination were discovered, and additional characterization was initiated. Additional test pit and geoprobe samples were obtained at over 500 locations, bringing the total to over 800 sample locations at the 135-acre site. New data continues to be collected on a routine basis during ongoing remedial …
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Boyle, J.; Kenna, T. & Pilon, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Faculty Recital: 2002-03-27 - Jeff Bradetich, double bass & Judi Rockey Bradetich, piano
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Faculty recital at the UNT College of Music Recital Hall.
Date:
March 27, 2002
Creator:
Bradetich, Jeff & Bradetich, Judi Rockey
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ETEdit v.8.1 user's manual.
This user's guide documents the capabilities and functions of the Expanded Time Phase Force Deployment Data (TPFDD) Editor (ETEdit) software application. Step-by-step procedures for using ETEdit are provided in Chapter 5. Although ETEdit is primarily an editing tool for use with various software applications, it can also be used as a stand-alone application or in tandem with another application. It provides force module data that allow you to display and modify movement requirements, as well as to display the requirement line numbers (RLNs) for both detail and parent hierarchy. The primary purpose of ETEdit is to make changes to TPFDDs. Because it has been designed as a separate application, you can apply the ETEdit capabilities for use with other models.
Date:
February 27, 2002
Creator:
Braun, M. D.; Clemmons, M. A.; Lurie, G.; Simunich, K. L.; Timmerman, D.; VanderZee, H. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library