The overall objective of this contract is to assist in the development of fuel-flexible combustion systems for gas turbines as well as Rankine and Stirling cycle engines. The primary emphasis of the program is on liquid hydrocarbons produced from non-petroleum resources. Fuel-flexible combustion systems will provide for more rapid transition of these alternative fuels into important future energy utilization centers (especially utility power generation with the combined cycle gas turbine). The specific technical objectives of the program are: (a) develop an improved understanding of relationships between alternative fuel properties and continuous combustion system effects, and (b) provide analytical modeling/correlation capabilities to be used as design aids for development of fuel-tolerant combustion systems. This is the second major report of the program. Key experimental findings during this reporting period concern stirred combustor soot production during operation at controlled temperature conditions, soot production as a function of combustor residence time, an improved measurement technique for total hydrocarbons and initial stirred combustor results of fuel nitrogen conversion. While the results to be presented concern a stirred combustor which utilizes premixed fuel vapor/oxidant mixtures, a new combustor which combusts liquid fuel injected into the reactor as a spray has been developed and will be …

We describe the broad band neutrino beam in the north area of the AGS and discuss the calculation of the neutrino flux. The horns were initially designed by Robert Palmer and this beam has been used for almost all neutrino running at the AGS. All of the wide band running for E734 has been done in the beam we discuss. E734 is an experiment designed to measure elastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on electrons and protons. The detector is sufficiently large (approx. =170 tons) that enough events can be detected to make precision measurements of cross sections. In particular, the reaction nu/sub ..mu../ + e ..-->.. nu/sub ..mu../ + e has been detected with more than 100 events, requiring a detailed understanding of the beam characteristics for normalization.

A research program has been initiated to increase the knowledge of past biospheric carbon reservoir changes that have resulted in increases, or reductions, of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ levels. The research program was approved in July 1979. This progress report covers 7 months of work. The research has been mainly developmental; initial steps taken in measurements of /sup 13/C//sup 12/C ratios in tree rings are summarized briefly.

The objective of the research is to use the temporal and spatial distribution of the transient, bomb-produced /sup 14/C in the equatorial Pacific Ocean to determine mixing rates in the upper 1000 m of the ocean. To accomplish this goal approximately 400 /sup 14/C samples were collected during two legs of the NORPAX shuttle. There is extensive relative depletion in /sup 14/C of the equatorial surface waters. This feature of the surface water /sup 14/C distribution, coupled with the depth distribution of /sup 14/C and the physical and chemical (nutrient) oceanographic data collected during the NORPAX program should allow us to estimate the rate of upwelling in the equatorial Pacific.

A method has been developed for the determination of plutonium in air samples and smear samples that were collected on filter papers. The sample papers are digested in nitric acid, extracted into 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA)-xylene, and evaporated onto stainless steel disks. Alpha spectrometry is employed to determine the activity of each plutonium isotope. Each sample is spiked with plutonium-236. All glassware used in the procedure is disposable. The detection limits are 3 and 5 dpm (disintegrations per minute) for air and smear samples, respectively, with an average recovery of 87%.

INTERCOMP has simulated six geothermal reservoir problems. INTERCOMP's geothermal reservoir model was used for all problems. No modifications were made to this model except to provide tabular output of the simulation results in the units used in RFP No. DE-RP03-80SF-10844. No difficulty was encountered in performing the problems described herein, although setting up the boundary and grid conditions exactly as specified were sometimes awkward, and minor modifications to the grid system were necessitated. The results of each problem are presented in tabular and (for many) graphical form.

Microalgae have the potential of producing biomass with a high content of lipids at high productivities using seawater or saline ground water resources. Microalgal lipids are similar to vegetable oils and suitable for processing to liquid fuels. Engineering cost analysis studies have concluded that, at a favorable site, microalgae cultivation for fuel production could be economically viable. The major uncertainties involve the microalgae themselves: biomass and lipid productivity and culture stability.

The use of a two-stage concentrator with a fresnel lens primary and a non-imaging dielectric totally internally reflecting secondary, has unique advantages for photovoltaic concentration. This new design has a much larger acceptance angle than the conventional lens-cell concentrating system. In the continuation of this research, an optimally designed prototype which employs a 13.6-cm diameter flat fresnel tons as the primary focusing device, a dielectric compound hyperbolic concentrator (DCHC) as secondary and a 1-cm diameter high-concentration cell for electricity conversion has been built, tested and analyzed. Measurements under sunlight show that it has an angular acceptance of [plus minus]3.6 degrees, which is dramatically better than the [plus minus]0.5 degree achievable without a secondary concentrator. This performance agrees well with theoretical ray-tracing predictions. The secondary shows an optical efficiency of (91[plus minus]2)% at normal incidence. Combining with the primary fresnel tens which has an optical efficiency of (82[plus minus]2)%, tho two-stage system yields a total optical efficiency of (7l[plus minus]2)%. The measurement of the system electrical performance yielded a net electrical efficiency of 11.9%. No problems associated with non-uniform cell illumination were found, as evidenced by the excellent fill factor of (79[plus minus]2)% measured under concentration. The secondary geometrical properties and …

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The purpose of this work has been to identify aspects of cell fabrication and treatment which are critical for achieving high efficiency Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells. In approaching the problem several comparisons were made of the effects of specific steps in two methods of cell fabrication. These methods had previously given cells of about 6% and a maximum of 9% efficiency. Three areas requiring special attention and specific means to achieve acceptable results were identified. (1) The Cu/sub 2/S/CdS heterojunction area must be minimized. If single source evaporations of CdS are made on substrates whose temperatures (approx. 220/sup 0/C) are monitored and controlled using welded thermocouples, the CdS films will have adequately large grains (grain diameter greater than or equal to 2 ..mu..m) and will not develop significant etch pits during texturing in a mild etchant solution. (2) The termination of the wet barrier processing steps must be done carefully. An acceptable termination involves minimizing the amount of cuprous chloride retained on the cell surface during transfer to a rinsing stage while providing adequate exclusion of air from the space above the surface of the cuprous chloride solution. (3) Once formed, the Cu/sub 2/S layer should not be exposed to …

This report is about the Title XX of the Social Security Act: Program Description, Current Issues

The control system (CS) for the cryogenic arrangement of the DO Liquid Argon Calorimeter consists of a Texas instruments 560/565 Programmable Logical Controller (PLC), two remote bases with Remote Base Controllers and a corresponding set of input/output (I/O) modules, and a PC AST Premium 286 (IBM AT Compatible). The PLC scans a set of inputs and provides a set of outputs based on a ladder logic program and PID control loops. The inputs are logic or analog (current, voltage) signals from equipment status switches or transducers. The outputs are logic or analog (current or voltage) signals for switching solenoids and positioning pneumatic actuators. Programming of the PLC is preformed by using the TISOFT2/560/565 package, which is installed in the PC. The PC communicates to the PLC through a serial RS232 port and provides operator interface to the cryogenic process using Xpresslink software.

The use of a two-stage concentrator with a fresnel lens primary and a non-imaging dielectric totally internally reflecting secondary, has unique advantages for photovoltaic concentration. This new design has a much larger acceptance angle than the conventional lens-cell concentrating system. In the continuation of this research, an optimally designed prototype which employs a 13.6-cm diameter flat fresnel tons as the primary focusing device, a dielectric compound hyperbolic concentrator (DCHC) as secondary and a 1-cm diameter high-concentration cell for electricity conversion has been built, tested and analyzed. Measurements under sunlight show that it has an angular acceptance of {plus_minus}3.6 degrees, which is dramatically better than the {plus_minus}0.5 degree achievable without a secondary concentrator. This performance agrees well with theoretical ray-tracing predictions. The secondary shows an optical efficiency of (91{plus_minus}2)% at normal incidence. Combining with the primary fresnel tens which has an optical efficiency of (82{plus_minus}2)%, tho two-stage system yields a total optical efficiency of (7l{plus_minus}2)%. The measurement of the system electrical performance yielded a net electrical efficiency of 11.9%. No problems associated with non-uniform cell illumination were found, as evidenced by the excellent fill factor of (79{plus_minus}2)% measured under concentration. The secondary geometrical properties and the optimal two-stage design procedures for …

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This report outlines how pension benefits are affected by inflation and analyzes the effects of pre-and post-retirement inflation on earnings replacement rates.

Weekly report of the Texas Crop and Livestock Reporting Service on broiler chick numbers in Texas and compared with other states. It includes compiled statistics across six consecutive weeks, from the week ending January 19 to the week ending February 23, during 1984 and 1985 for broiler eggs set, chicks hatched, and chicks placed.

This report is intended to provide responsible DOE authorities with the professional observations and recommendations resulting from this firm's technical assistance in evaluating an accidental release of solvent refined coal (SRC) processed liquids at the SRC Pilot Plant, Ft. Lewis, Washington. The spill occurred during the night of December 19-20, 1979 at the facility operated for DOE by the Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Mining Company. The site visit on January 29, 1980 was made by DOE's staff member, Mr. John Abrahams, and this firm's representative, Mr. ALvin F. Meyer, Jr., P.E., President. In brief, the spill of approximately 2300 gallons of SRC processed liquids was caused by human failure. Compounding the circumstances was the presence of a bleeder valve which was inexplicably left open. Additional factors contributing to the episode were the fact that the operation was conducted at night, and the presence of steam and noise which obscured, at least partially, the possibility of detecting the spill occurrence. After operating personnel discovered the spill, the plant management of Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Company were informed. It was decided that environmental surveys and measurements would be undertaken to detect any possible contamination. Subsequent to the site visit, additional information …