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Photocopy of an essay on how the Dellana family came to reside in Rollingwood, Texas. Castro talks about Condado Dellana's immigration from Italy to the United States and how he eventually moved to Texas to help build the capitol building in Austin. Years later, Condado discovered a cave in Rollingwood that produced extremely good fertilizer due to the guano from the bats that lived in the cave. He eventually bought the property that the cave was on and started selling the fertilizer to nurseries around the state.

Diffusion welding is shown to be a feasible method for joining composites of niobium-titanium superconductor alloy filaments in a pure copper matrix. Good results were repeatedly obtained using 15/sup 0/ scarf joints welded with externally heated tooling and simple uniaxial compression loading in a conventional hydraulic press. Weld cycles of less than one hour total elapsed time were readily attainable. Through proper closed-die design, it was possible to increase welding pressure sufficiently to use relatively low temperatures to coincide with the optimum aging heat treatment of the superconductor alloy. This temperature limitation is important to retain optimal superconductor properties. Confirming measurements of critical current density of welded joints at 4.2/sup 0/K are in progress. In the welded joints made under optimum conditions, there is bonding of all constituents, including superconductor filaments. Weld tooling which effectively contains the relatively fluid matrix, and resists deformation during repeated weld cycles, is essential to the successful application of the diffusion welding process to these composites.

This paper compares the hazards from wastes from a 1000-MW(e) nuclear power plant to these from wastes from a 1000-MW(e) coal fueled power plant. The latter hazard is much greater than the former. The toxicity and carcinogenity of the chemicals prodcued in coal burning is emphasized. Comparisions are also made with other toxic chemicals and with natural radioactivity. (DLC)

A typical diagonal braced steel frame was developed to determine the amount of reserve capacity that is available beyond elastic design levels. The frame was analyzed first using elastic static and dynamic analyses. The loadings included dead and live load, an equivalent static lateral earthquake load, two response spectra and a suite of eight earthquake time history records. The response spectra used were the Housner and Regulatory Guide 1.60. The time histories represented different site conditions, distances to causative faults and magnitudes. The lateral static load and Housner spectrum represent vintage design criteria, while the R.G. 1.60 and time history analyses reflect current methodology. The elastic limit responses of the structure were determined along with the accompanying threshold peak ground accelerations (threshold g values). The frame was then analyzed using the program DRAIN-2D to perform two-dimensional elastic--plastic analyses for the eight time histories.

The West Valley Processing Plant reprocessed spent fuel from 1966 to 1972. It was shut down in 1972 for modifications, and in 1976 NFS decided not to renew the lease. This paper discusses the technical options for dealing with the financial responsibilities. The study shows that there is a range of options for both decommissioning and continued use of the plant with decommissioning involving either the immobilization or the off-site disposal of the wastes. (DLC)

A useful gage has been developed for measuring pressure of nonplanar or obliquely incident stress waves. The measurements made with these gages are not as precise as direct strain gage measurements, but are very good considering the conditions under which these gages are used. We feel a need to further develop our ability to measure nonplanar stress waves in the 0 to 10 kbar range. Carbon or ytterbium will probably be chosen for the sensing element.

The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is caused by the condensation of a two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field into a new type of macroscopic ground state, the elementary excitations of which are fermions of charge 1/m, where m is an odd integer. A mathematical description is presented.

Computer molecular dynamics has been used to study the time evolution of the energy of diatomic molecules embedded in a monatomic host lattice when the system is shock loaded. Center-of-mass, rotational, and internal energies were each monitored. For H/sub 2/ and CH groups in an iron host, the results demonstrate rapid and violent internal excitation of a totally athermal nature. The origins of this are discussed as are the reasons for the absence of a similar effect for a CH group in a carbon lattice. From these results for diatomic systems it is argued that large molecules, similarly treated, may easily be excited to the point of rupture. If they are so situated (e.g., at or near a surface) that during, or shortly after, excitation they escape from the lattice, they will rupture rather than de-excite and thus generate molecular fragments (e.g., free radicals) which could, in the case of an explosive system, serve to initiate detonation.

Activities of the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory are presented. A brief description of FFTF and some highlights of reactor operations are reviewed. The sodium technology work at HEDL is summarized by discussing several facets of the program and their tie-ins to breeder reactor development.

A system to analyze the chemical properties of a region of tissue located deep inside the human body without having to access it is proposed. The method is based on a high precision detection of x-rays or ..gamma..-rays (photons) from an external source Compton scattered from the tissue under inspection. The method provides chemical information of plane regions lying not too deep inside the body (<6 cm). The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is about the same as needed for a standard x-ray tomography. The exposure time is estimated to be shorter than 10 minutes. 37 refs., 13 figs.

Topics in the Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions and how these topics are relevant for the high energy colliders are discussed. Radiative corrections in the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model are discussed, stressing how these corrections may be measured at LEP and the SLC. CP violation is discussed, followed by a discussion of the Higgs boson and the searches which can be carried out for it. Some features of quantum chromodynamics are discussed which are relevant to hadron colliders. Some of the problems which the Standard Model does not solve are discussed. 115 refs., 53 figs. (LEW)

Soil venting will be applied at a demonstration scale to a site at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory which is contaminated with carbon tetrachloride and other organic vapors. The application of soil venting at the site is unique in several aspects including scale, geology, and data collection. The containmented portion of the site has a surface area of over 47,000 square meters (12 acres) and the depth to the water table is approximately 180 meters. Migration of contaminants through the entire depth of the vadose zone is evidenced by measured levels of chlorinated solvents in the underlying aquifer. The geology of the site consists of a series of layered basalt flows interspersed with sedimentary interbeds. The depth of the vadose zone, the nature of fractured basalt flows, and the degree of contamination all tend to make drilling difficult and expensive. Because of the scale of the site, extent of contamination, and expense of drilling, a computer model has been developed to simulate the migration of the chlorinated solvents during plume growth and cleanup. The demonstration soil venting operation has been designed to collect pressure drop and plume migration data to assist with calibration of the transport model. The model will …

Three years ago, in response to our challenging development context, the Advanced Modeling and Analysis Section designed and implemented an object-oriented environment -- the Application Interface Engine (AIE). Our prototyping requirements forced existing application development systems beyond their capabilities. Programmers at AMAS and its contractors have developed over twenty applications using AIE. Our initial experience has been very positive. AIE extends an object-oriented programming language with syntax and classes to support applications specification. This extended system improves all stages of the application engineering life cycle, from rapid prototyping to long term maintenance.

Three years ago, in response to our challenging development context, the Advanced Modeling and Analysis Section designed and implemented an object-oriented environment -- the Application Interface Engine (AIE). Our prototyping requirements forced existing application development systems beyond their capabilities. Programmers at AMAS and its contractors have developed over twenty applications using AIE. Our initial experience has been very positive. AIE extends an object-oriented programming language with syntax and classes to support applications specification. This extended system improves all stages of the application engineering life cycle, from rapid prototyping to long term maintenance.

The ability of a country to follow sustainable development paths is determined to a large extent by the capacity or capabilities of its people and its institutions. Specifically, capacity-building in the UNCED terminology encompasses the country's human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional, and resource capabilities. A fundamental goal of capacity-building is to enhance the ability to pose, evaluate and address crucial questions related to policy choices and methods of implementation among development options. As a result the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Agenda 21 planning process has identified the need for better methods by which information can be transferred between industrialized nations and developing nations. The reasons for better methods of information transfer include facilitating decisions related to sustainable development and building the capacity of developing nations to better plan their future in both an economical and environmentally sound manner. This paper is a discussion on mechanisms for providing information and technologies available for presenting the information to a variety of cultures and levels of technical literacy. Consideration is given to access to information technology as well as to the cost to the user. One concept discussed includes an Engineering Partnership'' which brings together the talents and resources …

The ability of a country to follow sustainable development paths is determined to a large extent by the capacity or capabilities of its people and its institutions. Specifically, capacity-building in the UNCED terminology encompasses the country`s human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional, and resource capabilities. A fundamental goal of capacity-building is to enhance the ability to pose, evaluate and address crucial questions related to policy choices and methods of implementation among development options. As a result the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Agenda 21 planning process has identified the need for better methods by which information can be transferred between industrialized nations and developing nations. The reasons for better methods of information transfer include facilitating decisions related to sustainable development and building the capacity of developing nations to better plan their future in both an economical and environmentally sound manner. This paper is a discussion on mechanisms for providing information and technologies available for presenting the information to a variety of cultures and levels of technical literacy. Consideration is given to access to information technology as well as to the cost to the user. One concept discussed includes an ``Engineering Partnership`` which brings together the talents and resources …

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Plutonium Facility conducts numerous programmatic activities involving plutonium to include device fabrication, development of improved and/or unique fabrication techniques, metallurgy research, and laser isotope separation. A Safety Analysis Report (SAR) for the building 332 Plutonium Facility was completed in July 1994 to address operational safety and acceptable risk to employees, the public, government property, and the environmental. This paper outlines the PRA analysis of the Evaluation Basis Fire (EBF) operational accident. The EBF postulates the worst-case programmatic impact event for the Plutonium Facility.

In this paper, a linearized four wheel steering (4WS) system model is deduced and then modified into a form which is appropriate for applying Matlab {mu} Toolbox to design robust controller. Several important topics are discussed in detail, such as (1) how to make system set-up match Matlab {mu} Toolbox requirement, (2) how to select weights based on plant`s uncertainty, (3) how to solve controller discretization problem, and (4) how to adjust the system so that the conditions necessary for using a state-space formula to solve H{infinity} optimal (sub-optimal) problem and performing the Matlab {mu} Toolbox D--K iteration procedure are satisfied. Finally simulation results of robust controller and a PID controller are compared.

Production scale separation of tritium from other hydrogen isotopes at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC, has been accomplished by several methods. These methods include thermal diffusion (1957--1986), fractional absorption (1964--1968), and cryogenic distillation (1967-present). Most recently, the Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP), a metal hydride based hydrogen isotope separation system, began production in the Replacement Tritium Facility (RTF) on April 9, 1994. TCAP has been in development at the Savannah River Technology Center since 1980. The production startup of this semi-continuous gas chromatographic separation process is a significant accomplishment for the Savannah River Site and was achieved after years of design, development, and testing.

The utility of variable metric nonlinear optimization methods for reverse engineering liner material constitutive modeling parameters is described. We use an effective new code created by coupling the nonlinear optimization code NLQPEB with the DYNA2D finite element hydrocode. The optimization code determines the ``best`` set of liner material properties by running DYNA2D in a loop, varying the liner model constitutive parameters, and minimizing the difference between the EFP profiles of the calculation and experiment. The results of four different EFP warhead tests with the same copper liner material are used to determine material parameters for the Steinberg-Guinan, Johnson-Cook, & Armstrong-Zerilli models. In a companion paper we describe the successful application of this methodology to the forward engineering of liner contours to achieve desired EFP shapes. The methodology of utilizing a coupled optimization/finite element code provides a significant improvement in warhead designs and the warhead design process.

Pressures are mounting for a regime to verify the dismantlement of US and Russian warheads, as well as a system of international control over the weapons` fissile materials to assure irreversibility. There are at least four motivating factors for these measures: (1) as the United States and Russia lower their numbers of nuclear weapons, each side seeks assurance that the warheads are actually being dismantled; (2) by accounting for the fissile materials and placing them under effective controls, the potential for smuggling and theft is reduced; (3) a fissile materials cutoff is being discussed at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva; verification of a US-Russian cutoff, as well as substantial reductions in fissile materials stockpiles, are seen as integral to the cutoff; (4) calls for total nuclear disarmament have greatly increased; dismantlement verification and international control of fissile materials are widely viewed as requisite steps toward this goal. There are many questions to be answered before the United States can agree to a warhead verification regime and international control over excess fissile materials, let alone total nuclear disarmament. Two of the most important are: What are the prospects for effective verification? and How much fissile material can be declared as …

Analysis of crosswell and three-component seismic data integrated with well logs have produced information on the distribution of subsurface heterogeneities below the In-Tank Precipitation facility at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The travel time P-wave tomogram and reflection imaging delineate lateral and vertical structural details of the formations. In particular, the high-resolution P-wave tomogram captures a low-velocity zone within the carbonates. This zone is surrounded by reflection events between depths of 150 and 200 ft. in the reflection imaging. The reflections are caused by the acoustic impedance contrast between the low velocity zone of `soupy` sand mixtures of unconsolidated materials and the more rigid and dense competent surrounded medium. The time-frequency analysis of full waveforms particle velocity identifies guided waves in form of leaky and normal modes at the depths of about 138 to 150 ft. This resulting change in lithology associated with the presence of guided waves is consistent with a velocity low observed in the vertical velocity profile determined from the inversion of three-component seismic data. This low-velocity zone intercepted by the wells H-BOR-34 and H-BOR-50 correlates with the conductive Griffins Landing Member, which is located above the carbonates. The result of the experiments demonstrate that the present …

Optical parametric oscillators (OPOS) are useful devices to generate tunable radiation. The tuning characteristics of OPOs can lead to their utility in remote sensing applications. We have investigated injection-seeded OPOs to generate narrow-band Mid-JR radiation for this purpose. OPOs exhibit a resonance structure similar to that of a laser`s cavity limiting the frequency choices available. Also, the coupling of the electric fields of the three interacting waves can generate cavity resonances for OPOs which have no cold cavity resonances (i.e. non-resonant OPOS). The potential for generating multiple frequencies simultaneously from a single OPO is discussed. The generation of multiple output frequencies is accomplished by injecting either multiple signal or multiple pump frequencies to the OPO. A seeded SRO is found to be well-suited to generating spectrally pure and stable multi-line output when the input pump field is multiple frequency. The generation of sideband frequencies during multiple seeding is also observed experimentally and addressed theoretically. The spectral purity of the OPO output is related to the frequency separation of the multi-line input as compared to the OPO cavity resonance structure.