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Proceedings of the Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering
11
Fiscal Year 2000
3
Carbon Sequestration on Surface Mine Lands Quarterly Report
2
Downhole Power Generation and Wireless Communications for Intelligent Completions Applications, Quarterly Report
2
Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS)
2
Fiscal Year 1990
2
Fiscal Year 1999
2
Fiscal Year 2001
2
Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir - East Binger (Marchand) Unit Quarterly Report
2
Low-Cost Solar Array Project
2
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Actuator system history of safety rod lower latch problems review of latch inspection video tapes
During pre-restart testing the safety rod at position X26-YlO bound after being driven approximately two (2) feet out of the reactor. Subsequently, the rod was manually returned to it's seated position. Inspection of the lower latch showed that the latch locking plunger button (screwed on to the bottom of the plunger shaft and retained by a pin through a hole drilled through the button and the plunger shaft) was missing. The shaft failed through the hole drilled for the retaining pin. The button, with the retaining pin intact, was found lodged between the safety rod upper adapter collar and the top of the safety rod thimble top fitting. Analysis of the safety rod latch and accompanying forest guide tube design provided assurance that this type of failure would not cause binding during the scramming'' of the safety rods. Inspection of all of the K'' safety rod lower latches revealed six other latches with missing plunger buttons, and nine with other non-conformances which required latch replacement. A history search conducted by Reactor Engineering Design, Components Handling Group, is included in this report. The history search shows that latch design modifications, as a part of initial development of the latch system and …
Date:
June 24, 1992
Creator:
Banks, J. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Instrumentation for measuring soft x-rays from laser produced plasmas
Instrumentation has been developed at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory for measuring subkilovolt x-rays from laser-produced plasmas. This information is needed to do a complete energy balance on laser fusion experiments. The instruments must have thin windows and yet discriminate against the severe environment of other intense target emissions such as ions, electrons, and scattered laser light. Low energy x-ray measurements down to 0.1 keV will be presented using these absolutely calibrated detectors on laser target shots with the LLL Terawatt laser facility, Cyclops. Precautions in using these detectors in a laser fusion target chamber will be enumerated from our experience in using these instruments on hundreds of laser shots.
Date:
September 24, 1976
Creator:
Slivinsky, V. W.; Ahlstrom, H. G.; Kornblum, H. N.; Koppel, L. N. & Leipelt, G. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U. S. energy flow in 1976
An energy flow diagram for the U.S. for 1976 is presented, and one for 1975 is included for comparison. Some significant differences between 1975 and 1976 are: total energy use increased 4.8 percent, almost reaching the record use of 1973; oil imports increased significantly to 15.5 quads, more than 20 percent above 1975, and almost 44 percent of our total oil use; coal and natural gas remained more or less constant; by the author's reckoning, the industrial sector was unique in that its energy use decreased somewhat due to conservation efforts; delivered nuclear power increased by 10.9 percent and a trend toward electrification continued with distributed electrical energy increasing by 6.1 percent. (MCW)
Date:
March 24, 1977
Creator:
Ramsey, W. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mark I 1/5-scale boiling water reactor pressure suppresion experiment quick-look report
This report is intended as a ''quick-look'' report summarizing the experimental results obtained from pressure suppression experiment numbers 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 that were performed on the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's 1/5-scale boiling water reactor (BWR) Mark I pressure suppression experimental facility on April 26, 1977. A brief description of the general nature of the tests and a summary of the actual tests that were performed are given.
Date:
May 24, 1977
Creator:
Lai, W. & Collins, E. K. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Switching devices for fusion reactors
Switching and power supply problems of neutral atom beam injection systems and superconducting magnets are briefly discussed. Typical power supplies for both systems are described.
Date:
March 24, 1976
Creator:
Smith, B. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reflectance measurements of vacuum-deposited aluminum films
An integrating sphere technique was used for the measurement of the total and specular reflectance of vacuum-evaporated aluminum films. The appearance of the surface to the naked eye was relatively insensitive to the total reflectance, but was very closely related to the fraction of reflected light that was specularly reflected. Milky or cloudy-appearing aluminum films had a low specular reflectance while mirror-like films had a high specular reflectance. Surface specular reflectance was in turn closely related to film microtopography; roughening features such as hillocks substantially reduced film shininess and hence specular reflectance. Although no extensive study to relate reflectance to deposition parameters was undertaken, specular reflectance was found to be very sensitive to chamber pressure during evaporation. Two alternate techniques for surface appearance measurements were evaluated and correlated with the integrating sphere method; these techniques yielded relative assessments of film shininess that corresponded well with visual appearance and integrating sphere results.
Date:
March 24, 1977
Creator:
Sherman, D. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of octane enhancers during slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch. [801Methyl tert-butyl ether]
The objective of this project is to investigate three possible routes to the formation of ethers, in particular methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), during slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The three reaction schemes to be investigated are: (1) Addition of isobutylene during the formation of methanol and/or higher alcohols directly from CO and H{sub 2} during slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch. (2) Addition of isobutylene to FT liquid products including alcohols in a slurry-phase reactor containing an MTBE or other acid catalyst. (3) Addition of methanol to slurry phase FT synthesis making iso-olefins. During the sixth quarter we completed the construction of the slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR), conducted initial shake-down experiments in a cold-flow mode, and finalized the selection process of the acid catalysts for conversion of syngas-produced alcohols and isobutylene to MTBE (scheme 2). Tasks 3, 4, and 5 are awaiting complete implementation of the SBCR system.
Date:
June 24, 1992
Creator:
Marcelin, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wave equations for pulse propagation
Theoretical discussions of the propagation of pulses of laser radiation through atomic or molecular vapor rely on a number of traditional approximations for idealizing the radiation and the molecules, and for quantifying their mutual interaction by various equations of propagation (for the radiation) and excitation (for the molecules). In treating short-pulse phenomena it is essential to consider coherent excitation phenomena of the sort that is manifest in Rabi oscillations of atomic or molecular populations. Such processes are not adequately treated by rate equations for excitation nor by rate equations for radiation. As part of a more comprehensive treatment of the coupled equations that describe propagation of short pulses, this memo presents background discussion of the equations that describe the field. This memo discusses the origin, in Maxwell's equations, of the wave equation used in the description of pulse propagation. It notes the separation into lamellar and solenoidal (or longitudinal and transverse) and positive and negative frequency parts. It mentions the possibility of separating the polarization field into linear and nonlinear parts, in order to define a susceptibility or index of refraction and, from these, a phase and group velocity. The memo discusses various ways of characterizing the polarization characteristics of …
Date:
June 24, 1987
Creator:
Shore, B. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Identification of Rydberg states in the atomic lanthanides and actinides
The study of Rydberg spectra and ionization thresholds of ten lanthanides using several variations of time-resolved resonant multistep techniques is reported. The ionization limits for the lanthanides determined in this way show a systematic dependence on atomic number. A physical model explaining these results is presented. 16 references. (JFP)
Date:
May 24, 1977
Creator:
Paisner, J. A.; Solarz, R. W.; Worden, E. F. & Conway, J. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical engineering problems associated with construction of the Shiva Laser Fusion Facility
The Shiva laser system is part of a new 20 terawatt laser facility at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The system contains more than $5,000,000 worth of optics. This paper discusses the various optical components, typical component quantities and specification, and the problem of laser damage to components.
Date:
August 24, 1977
Creator:
Godwin, R. O.; Bliss, E. S.; Glaze, J. A.; O'Neal, W. C.; Patton, H. G.; Summers, M. A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alfven-ion-cyclotron instability in mirror machines
Electrostatic instabilities occurring in mirror-confined ion velocity-distributions have been thoroughly investigated. The electromagnetic instability of greatest concern is the Alfven-ion-cyclotron (AIC) mode. In this work we investigate both convective and absolute growth, both in homogeneous plasma and in finite machines, for a variety of ion velocity-distributions. Good agreement is found with the results from the particle simulation code ''Superlayer''. Quasilinear effects are outlined and a rough criterion found for the importance of Dupree-type broadening.
Date:
May 24, 1977
Creator:
Watson, D. C.; Pearlstein, L. D. & Lodestro, L. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal decomposition and reaction of confined explosives. [TNT, TATB, LX-04, LX-10]
Some new experiments designed to accurately determine the time interval required to produce a reactive event in confined explosives subjected to temperatures which will cause decomposition are described. Geometry and boundary conditions were both well defined so that these experiments on the rapid thermal decomposition of HE are amenable to predictive modelling. Experiments have been carried out on TNT, TATB and on two plastic-bonded HMX-based high explosives, LX-04 and LX-10. When the results of these experiments are plotted as the logarithm of the time to explosion versus 1/T K (Arrhenius plot), the curves produced are remarkably linear. This is in contradiction to the results obtained by an iterative solution of the Laplace equation for a system with a first order rate heat source. Such calculations produce plots which display considerable curvature. The experiments have also shown that the time to explosion is strongly influenced by the void volume in the containment vessel. Results of the experiments with calculations based on the heat flow equations coupled with first-order models of chemical decomposition are compared. The comparisons demonstrate the need for a more realistic reaction model.
Date:
May 24, 1976
Creator:
Catalano, E.; McGuire, R.; Lee, E.; Wrenn, E.; Ornellas, D. & Walton, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrestrial service environments for selected geographic locations. Final report. [1965--1974 data; to define solar array environment to aid in encapsulation program]
This report contains results obtained from analyses of climatic, precipitation, air pollution, and other environmental data for the years 1965 to 1974 at nine widely different geographic locations in the United States (Albuquerque, N.M.; Bismarck, N.D.; Boston, Mass.; Brownsville, TX.; Cleveland, OH; Fairbanks, AK; Los Angeles, CA; Miami, FL; and Phoenix, AZ). In addition to descriptive and diurnal statistics for 24 individual climatic variables, ''environmental cell'' statistics were computed to obtain the frequencies, durations, and transitions for the simultaneous occurrence of various combinations of environmental variables. Results are presented for the simultaneous occurrence of specific levels of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and insolation, in addition to representative results obtained for other combinations of variables. The results characterize the environmental conditions to which terrestrial solar arrays would be exposed over a 20-year lifetime, and serve to identify environmental factors and levels that can be used in testing candidate encapsulation materials and systems for such terrestrial exposures. An innovative methodology was applied to obtain these results for combinations of environmental variables. Because of its generality and demonstrated feasibility, it is concluded that the methodology also has broad applications to other testing programs.
Date:
June 24, 1976
Creator:
Thomas, R. E. & Carmichael, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of improved iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. [Iron catalyst with nominal composition 100Fe/0. 3Cu/0. 8K]
Three tests (two fixed bed and one stirred tank slurry reactor) were completed during the reporting period. Also, the work on catalyst characterization by different techniques (atomic absorption, BET surface area and pore size distribution and x-ray powder diffraction).The performance of a precipitated iron catalyst with nominal composition lOOFe/0.3Cu/0.8K has been evaluated in two fixed bed reactor tests designated FB-0142 and FB-0352 following pretreatment with syngas (H{sub 2}/CO=0.67) at 280{degree}C, 3Nl/g-cat/h and atomspheric pressure for 8 hours. Flow interruption occurred in the first test (FB-0142) at about 72h on stream, and the second test (FB-0352) was to assess any potential adverse effects of this flow interruption on performance of the catalyst. The catalyst was tested at 250{degree}C, 200 psig, 2Nl/g-cat/h using syngas of the same composition as that employed during the pretreatment. Initial conversions in both tests were high (about 84%) but the catalyst deactivated fairly rapidly. The (H{sub 2} + CO) conversion at the end of the first test (120h on stream) was about 52%, whereas the syngas conversion at the end of the second test (150h) was about 55%, indicating that the brief flow interruption during test FB-0142 had resulted in higher deactivation rate. Hydrocarbon selectivities in both …
Date:
April 24, 1992
Creator:
Bukur, D. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GPHS (General Purpose Heat Source) uranium oxide encapsulations supporting satellite safety tests
General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) simulant-fueled capsules were assembled, welded, nondestructively examined, and shipped to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for satellite safety tests. Simulant-fueled iridium capsules contain depleted uranium oxide pellets that serve as a stand-in for plutonium-238 oxide pellets. Information on forty seven capsules prepared during 1987 and 1988 is recorded in this memorandum along with a description of the processes used for encapsulation and evaluation. LANL expects to use all capsules for destructive safety tests, which are under way. Test results so far have demonstrated excellent integrity of the Savannah River capsule welds. 10 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Date:
April 24, 1989
Creator:
Kanne, W. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance test of a bladeless turbine for geothermal applications
The Possell bladeless turbine was tested at the LLL Geothermal Test Facility to evaluate its potential for application in the total flow process. Test description and performance data are given for 3000, 3500, 4000, and 4500 rpm. The maximum engine efficiency observed was less than 7 percent. It is concluded that the Possell turbine is not a viable candidate machine for the conversion of geothermal fluids by the total flow process. (LBS)
Date:
March 24, 1976
Creator:
Steidel, R. & Weiss, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of the prototype Munitions Case Moisture Meter, Model ORNL-1
There is a great need for a rapid and simple means of determining the moisture content in combustible cartridge case (ccc) munitions. Previous studies have demonstrated that accumulation of moisture in ccc rounds, such as the M829, leads to softening of the case wall and weakening of the adhesive joint. Moisture in the ccc can lead to incomplete combustion of the case upon firing the round. Currently, there are no facile methods for measuring the moisture content. A prototype portable meter for non-destructive and rapid estimation of moisture in ccc has been developed. The Munitions Case Moisture Meter Model ORNL-1 demonstrates the feasibility of developing an instrument based on the moisture dependence of dielectric properties, to measure moisture in ccc munitions in storage and in the field. These instruments are simple, inexpensive, lightweight, portable, low-power battery operated, and intrinsically safe. They provide nondestructive, noninvasive, and rapid measurements. Calibration data for the prototype are not available at this time. Therefore, calibration of the meter and the development of a scale reading directly moisture content in munitions rounds could not be completed. These data will be supplied by the US Army from its tests of the meter with actual munitions. However, experimental …
Date:
February 24, 1993
Creator:
Agouridis, D. C.; Gayle, T. M. & Griest, W. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of density gradient modification on fluid instability in thermonuclear micro-implosions
The presence of hydrodynamic fluid instability at the ablation surface puts constraints on the kinds of targets, surface finish, and energy sources that one can use for thermonuclear micro-implosions. If Taylor-like modes grow at near the classical value, one is limited to low aspect ratio shells and surface finishes of 10-100 A. These surface finish requirements can be reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude by exploiting density gradient modification techniques to obtain a shallow density gradient at the ablation surface. For laser driven targets, the gradient is achieved by utilizing suprathermal electrons with a high energy ''get lost'' region to eliminate severe preheat problems. For charged particle sources, the reduction is achieved by introducing an energy spread on the driving source.
Date:
September 24, 1976
Creator:
Lindl, J. D.; Bangerter, R. O.; Nuckolls, J. H.; Mead, W. C. & Thomson, J. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the K/sup -/p. -->. anti K/sup 0/n total cross section below 1 GeV/c. [500-1050 MeV/c]
The total cross section for the reaction K/sup -/p ..-->.. anti K/sup 0/n was measured between 500 and 1050 MeV/c in steps of 10 MeV/c. The experiment was performed at the Brookhaven AGS using a negative kaon beam focused onto a 41 cm long liquid hydrogen target. The target was surrounded by a box of scintillation counters which detected and vetoed all charged final states. The charged particle veto box was in turn surrounded by a box of lead-scintillator sandwich shower counters. These counters detected and vetoed all final states with photons or ..pi../sup 0/'s. The only reaction left unvetoed was K/sup -/p ..-->.. K/sub L/n, the cross section for which is just /sup 1///sub 2/ the K/sup -/p ..-->.. K/sub L/n, cross section. It was necessary to make a number of corrections to the data to account for event losses and inefficient background rejection. The final results have a statistical accuracy of 1% which is an improvement of almost a factor of 10 over previously existing data. An important new feature can be seen in the cross section, a significant shoulder between 825 and 900 MeV/c. Preliminary results from a partial wave analysis including the new data indicate that …
Date:
September 24, 1976
Creator:
Pollard, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Steady state heat transfer in ORR irradiation capsules
The differential equation and boundary conditions that describe steady state heat transfer in an Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) irradiation capsule have been determined. The finite difference equations needed to obtain a numerical solution to the heat transfer problem were developed and an algorithm for the solution of these equations was specified. Analytical solutions for the second order partial differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions describing heat transfer in the problem were attempted. Various simplifying assumptions were not successful.
Date:
March 24, 1977
Creator:
Stiros, P.; Chao, E. I. & Michel, R. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reduced update Kalman filter: a two-dimensional recursive processor
The Kalman filtering method is extended to two-dimensions. The resulting computational load is found to be excessive. The reduced update Kalman filter is derived. It is shown to be optimum in that it minimizes the post update mean square error (mse) under the constraint of updating only the nearby previously processed neighbors. The resulting filter is a stable, nonsymmetric half-plane recursive filter. This method is proposed as a solution of the 2-D filter design problem for stochastic dynamical models.
Date:
March 24, 1976
Creator:
Woods, J. W. & Radewan, C. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Management of radioactive low level liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes in the 200 areas
The practices which are currently used for handling radioactive waste are outlined. These include burial of solid waste, scrubbing of off gas streams, and routing liquid effluents (mostly cooling water) to open ponds where the water percolates to the water table. (LK)
Date:
June 24, 1976
Creator:
White, A. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced coal-fueled gas turbine systems
No combustion tests for this program were conducted during this reporting period of January 1 to March 31, 1992. DOE-sponsored slogging combustor tests have been suspended since December 1991 in order to perform combustion tests on Northern States Power Company (NSP) coals. The NSP coal tests were conducted to evaluate combustor performance when burning western sub bituminous coals. The results of these tests will guide commercialization efforts, which are being promoted by NSP, Westinghouse Electric, and Textron Defense Systems. The NSP testing has been completed and preparation of the final report for that effort is underway. Although the NSP testing program has been completed, the Westinghouse/DOE program will not be resumed immediately. The reason for this is that Textron Defense Systems (TDS) has embarked on an internally funded program requiring installation of a new liquid fuel combustor system at the Haverhill site. The facility modifications for this new system are significant and it is not possible to continue the Westinghouse/DOE testing while these modifications are being made. These facility modifications are being performed during the period February 15, 1992 through May 31, 1992. The Westinghouse/DOE program can be resumed upon completion of this work.
Date:
April 24, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface characterization of ceramic materials. [LEED, AES, XPS, ion scattering spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy]
In recent years several techniques have become available to characterize the structure and chemical composition of surfaces of ceramic materials. These techniques utilize electron scattering and scattering of ions from surfaces. Low-energy electron diffraction is used to determine the surface structure, Auger electron spectroscopy and other techniques of electron spectroscopy (ultraviolet and photoelectron spectroscopies) are employed to determine the composition of the surface. In addition the oxidation state of surface atoms may be determined using these techniques. Ion scattering mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry are also useful in characterizing surfaces and their reactions. These techniques, their applications and the results of recent studies are discussed. 12 figures, 52 references, 2 tables.
Date:
September 24, 1976
Creator:
Somorjai, G. A. & Salmeron, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library