Young chinook salmon held in live boxes were drifted through Hanford reactor discharges in the central Columbia River, with the objective of evaluating the affect of heated effluents on fish survival. No significant mortalities of fish were recorded from 12 drifts during the spring (March--April) when base river temperatures were low, ranging from 4 to 7.6 C. Some mortalities occurred, however, in 3 of 24 drifts conducted in late summer (August--September) when base river temperatures extended from 17 to 19.6 C. None of the mortalities resulted from passage through midstream discharge plumes, which were characterized by relatively moderate temperature increase and short duration of exposure to maximum temperatures. Mortalities occurred only when fish were drifted along the south bank of the river through areas receiving heated water via intragravel seepage from shoreline retention basins and experimental subsurface disposal of reactor effluents. The shoreline areas were characterized by impeded river flow, which restricted horizontal and vertical mixing and prolonged the exposure of drifted fish to excessively warm temperatures. The extent of thermal shock sufficient to cause death in the field is primarily an integrated function of temperature increase and exposure duration, as has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments. The numerous possible …

This proposal is submitted in response to Request for Proposal No. 438468, dated 27 May 1969, from the Power Procurement Section of the NASA Lewis Research Center, to design, fabricate and test Primary NaK Loop (PNL) valves for use in ground testing of the SNAP-8 Power Conversion System.

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Carbon-14 is by far the most popular of the labeled isotopes because of its adaptability to so many chemical compounds and its relatively harmless characteristic beta radiation. Because the inert gas atmosphere contains up to 30% nitrogen, carbon-14 is generated within the K Reactors by the conversion of nitrogen-14, and if not immediately oxidized, carbon-14 may remain in the reactor core for some time. It is eventually oxidized and escapes when the outward gas leakage from the reactor is vented to the stack. Production Test 124 was authorized to determine if carbon-14 could be extracted from the K gas as a profitable by-product. It was concluded that as much as 500--600 curies per year of carbon-14 could be recovered if both K Reactors were provided with relatively simple extraction facilities. This is about twice the amount of this product for which there is a current market at the present price level of approximately $3,000/curie. The grade (as specific activity) of the product recovered in the production test was low -- ranging from 3 to 26 millicuries per mol. Substantial upgrading (perhaps by a factor of 10X to 100X) is possible by skimming techniques and reduced oxidation of normal carbon at …

This report itemizes the irradiations performed by Testing and Irradiation Services for Battelle-Northwest. It lists the material being irradiated, awaiting disposition and material shipped during the report period.

The authors calculate the branching ratio {Lambda}(P {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -})/{Lambda}(P {yields} {gamma}{gamma}) to lowest contributing order in quantum electrodynamics, with a vector meson model for the pseudoscalar meson form factor. They treat the processes {eta} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}; {eta} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}; K{sub 2}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}; K{sub 2}{sup 0} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}; {pi}{sup 0} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}. Results are compared with those of previous calculations.

Extensive precipitation was observed in S8ER cladding following irradiation. Electron microprobe analysis was proposed as a means to identify these precipitates. Subsequently, the electron microprobe was successfully used for qualitative analysis of unirradiated and irradiated S8ER cladding. The unirradiated, thermally aged control specimen analyzed showed two major precipitates. One, a randomly distributed intergranular phase, contained Ti, Mo, Fe, Cr and Ni and a second, a randomly distributed intragranular phase, contained Si, Mo, Fe, Cr and Ni. The irradiated specimen analyzed showed the same precipitates. The phase containing Ti, Mo, Fe, Cr and Ni was also randomly distributed intergranularly. The phase containing Si, Mo, Fe, Cr and Ni was in the grain boundaries, and preferentially segregated to the outer and inner diameter.

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The production reactors operated by Douglas United Nuclear, Inc., use treated Columbia River water as the coolant on a once through basis. Thus, radionuclides formed largely by the neutron activation of river salts are discharged to the river. One method of reducing the quality of radionuclides in the effluent is to increase the efficiency of parent isotope removal during the water treatment process. Prior to 1961 the water treatment process for preparing reactor coolant had been improved to the point that reactor quality coolant could be produced using an average alum flocculent feed rate of 6 ppM. Laboratory experiments carried out in 1959 and 1960 demonstrated that a markedly increased removal of parent isotopes resulted when alum feed rates in the neighborhood of 20 ppM were used. The results were confirmed by two half-plant tests of short duration in July, 1961, all water treatment plants began to use alum at a somewhat arbitrarily selected rate of 18 ppm. The practice Continues to date at all plants except at the K Reactors. The K Reactor alum feed has been limited to a nominal 15 ppM because of the high filtered water requirements. The use of the high alum feed rate did …

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An example of the use of a simple fuctorial design to study the distribution of /sup 134/Cs and/sup 85/Sr between a soil column and solution is reported. In this design, two concentration levels of each of four factors (NaNO/ sub 3/, HNO/sub 3/, KNO/sub 3/, and Ca(NO/sub 3//sub 2/) were combined in all possible combiuations to give a total of 24 combinations. In the case of /sup 134/Cs removal, all of the independent variables were significant over their respective concentration ranges, while with the removal of /sup 85/Sr, none of the independent variables was statistically significant. Extending the concentration range of NaNO/sub 3/ caused the NaNO/sub 3/ effect total to become statistically significant at the 5% t-test level in its effects on /sup 85/Sr removal. A fractioral factorial design was used to study the removal of Sr from solutions into an apatite during a chemical reaction between phosphate ion and calcite. The Yates analysis of the Sr removal data is tabulated. It is noted that even at a t-test level of 1%, calcite surface area, influent solution pH. and system temperaturesolution pH interaction are statistically significant. The two-level factorial design yields no direct indication of the Sr removal mechanism but …

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Temperature calculations were made on a proposed design of an uncooled horizonal control rod (HCR) for the K Reactors. The calculations were performed with the aid of a FORTRAN coded heat transfer program for the UNIVAC 1107. The results of the calculations indicate that such a control rod is feasible for.4400 Mw and 5000 Mw operation provided certain precautions are taken. These precautions include assuring good contact between the rod and the graphite in the high flux regions and Providing reasonable contact between the graphite stack and the graphite slider plates that will be placed in the bottom of the rod channels prior to rod insertion and use.

There are four long-term exploited geothermal fields in Kamchatka: one steam-water field Pauzhetka (south of Kamchatka peninsula) and three hot water fields: Paratunka (near by town of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) and Esso and Anavgay (center of peninsula). Pauzhetka and Paratunka fields are exploited during almost 28 years. Esso and Anavgay fields are exploited during 25 years. In Pauzhetka 11 MWe geothermal power plant work and on the other fields thermal energy of hot water is directly used. Kamchatka region satisfies energetic demands mainly by organic imported fuels. At the same time electricity produced by geothermal fluids constitutes less than 2 per cent of total region electricity production, and thermal energy produced by geothermal fluids constitutes less than 3 per cent of total region thermal energy production. The main reasons of small geothermal portion in the energy production balance of Kamchatka are briefly discussed. The geothermal development reserves and perspectives of geothermal energy use increase in Kamchatka are outlined.

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Data transmission over telephone lines involves the acceptance of serialized binary data, modulation of the data to a signal suitable to the bandwidth of the telephone. channel, transmission of the signal over the line, reception at the receiving end and demodulation of the signal to reproduce the original binary data. One typical application of data communication is between a low-speed terminal and a computer. In such a case, full-duplex operation is often desirable (i,e., transmission of information on the line in both directions simultaneously). The data set described in this report operates full-duplex and provides for channelization of the telephone line for the simultaneous use of several data sets. The data set can either be coupled to leased telephone lines or acoustically coupled to any telephone.

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