States

Analysis of LOFT containment nozzles 11A, 11B, 11D, 12A, 13B, 13C, and 13D by Bijlaard method (open access)

Analysis of LOFT containment nozzles 11A, 11B, 11D, 12A, 13B, 13C, and 13D by Bijlaard method

The purpose of this analysis was the calculation of stresses in the LOFT Containment Vessel at the point of nozzle penetration produced by loads on the nozzles and to show that those stresses are within the 1965 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code allowables. The stress determination was done by the method developed by P. P. Bijlaard on the worst load case for each diameter nozzle. The operating basis earthquake (OBE) at nozzle 11D produced the most severe load case. All load cases resulted in containment vessel stresses that were less than the allowables as stated in N-414 of the 1965 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Date: July 24, 1978
Creator: McFadden, D.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical considerations in solid bowl centrifugation (open access)

Theoretical considerations in solid bowl centrifugation

A combination of literature survey and independent analysis determined three relationships for the prediction of the critical (or minimum recoverable) particle size in a solid bowl centrifuge. The relationships were derived based on three different theories of fluid behavior within the centrifuge; (1) laminar film flow (laminar film model), (2) plug flow (Sharples Model), and parabolic flow (modified Sharples Model). The critical particle size for the centrifuge used in Cs-PTA recovery in the CAW process predicted by the three relationships range from 0.19 to 0.34 ..mu..m (1 ..mu..m = 10/sup -6/m). The laminar film model gives the most conservative estimate of critical particle size (0.34 ..mu..m) and the resulting relationship is recommended for use to predict solid bowl centrifuge performance. Three correction factors are incorporated into the predictive equations to account for the effects of fluid turbulence near the centrifuge feed point, fluid lag and hindered settling. Of these factors, turbulence near the feed point (which is accounted for by using an effective centrifuge length) has the greatest impact, increasing the predicted critical particle size by 15%, while the combination of fluid lag and hindered settling factors increase the recoverable particle size by 4%. The overall effect of the correction …
Date: August 24, 1979
Creator: Hamilton, R. T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
On the scattering of atmospheric muons in the rock above Soudan 2 (open access)

On the scattering of atmospheric muons in the rock above Soudan 2

I have investigated the effect of scattering in the rock overburden on the position and direction of atmospheric muons as observed at the Soudan 2 detector relative to the surface. The dominant contributions to the fluctuations in those observables arise from multiple Coulomb scattering and delta ray production. The contribution of the other energy loss mechanisms, bremsstrahlung, pair production and nuclear interactions, is small, with slowly increasing importance at very large deviations from the means of the distributions.
Date: January 24, 1992
Creator: Trost, H.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Waste systems. Progress report, January 1982-February 1983 (open access)

Waste systems. Progress report, January 1982-February 1983

A laboratory-scale beryllium electrorefining cell has been placed in operation and metallic beryllium with a purity greater than 99.95% has been produced. Methods of uranium chip disposal have been evaluated by performing bench- and pilot-scale testing and by surveying present chip disposal methods. A design criteria has been completed for a new production uranium chip disposal facility. Two types of cementation immobilization processes are being developed to treat several Rocky Flats wastes which do not currently meet repository acceptance criteria. The nitrate salts, as now shipped, are an extremely fine powder, composed chiefly of sodium and potassium nitrate. Nitrates are an oxidizer, and their behavior in a possible fire would be of concern. Accident caused fires involving a cargo of boxed nitrate salts were modeled and the burning characteristics noted. In addition, gypsum cement was tested as an immobilization matrix to reduce dispersibility. A program is in process to construct a facility to remotely size reduce gloveboxes and miscellaneous equipment contaminated with plutonium and other radioactive nuclides. The Title II engineering package is completed and the construction of the facility has been initiated. Modification and additions to the 82 kg/h Fluidized Bed Incinerator were made in preparation for turning the …
Date: October 24, 1983
Creator: Hickle, G.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A RESONANCE IN THE Lambda pi SYSTEM (open access)

A RESONANCE IN THE Lambda pi SYSTEM

The authors report a study of the reaction K{sup -} + p {yields} {Lambda}{sup 0} + {pi}{sup +} + {pi}{sup -} produced by 1.15 Gev/c K{sup -} mesons and observed in the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's 15-in. hydrogen bubble chamber. A preliminary report of these results was presented at the 1960 Rochester Conference. The beam was purified by two velocity spectrometers. A hyperon/observed during the run and the preliminary cross sections for various K{sup -} reactions at 1.15 Bev/c have been reported previously. Reaction (1) was the first one selected for detailed study, because it appeared to take place with relatively large probability and because the event, a 2-prong interaction accompanied by a V, was easily identified. In a volume of the chamber sufficiently restricted so that the scanning efficiency was near 100%, 255 such events were found. These events were measured, and the track data supplied to a computer which tested each event for goodness of fit to various kinematic hypotheses. The possible reactions, the distribution of events, and the corresponding cross sections are given in Table I. An event was placed in a given category of Table I if the {chi}{sup 2} probability for the other hypotheses was < …
Date: October 24, 1960
Creator: Alston, Margaret; Alvarez, Luis W.; Eberhard, Philippe & Wojcicki, Stanley G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Mathematical Analysis of Atomistic-to-Continuum (AtC) Multiscale Approaches (open access)

A Mathematical Analysis of Atomistic-to-Continuum (AtC) Multiscale Approaches

We development a general framework for information-passing and concurrent discrete to continuum scale bridging and applied it to biological, electro-mechanical and thermo-electrical systems. Funds were used for partial support of two post-doctoral research associates (Aiqin Li, Dawei Zhang) and three graduate students (Renge Li, Mohan Nuggehally, Joseph Riendeau).
Date: February 24, 2009
Creator: Fish, Jacob & Shephard, Mark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Predicting Pattern Tooling and Casting Dimensions for Investment Casting, Phase III (open access)

Predicting Pattern Tooling and Casting Dimensions for Investment Casting, Phase III

None
Date: December 24, 2007
Creator: Sabau, Adrian S. & Cannell, Nick
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extending the cereus group genomics to putative food-borne pathogens of different toxicity (open access)

Extending the cereus group genomics to putative food-borne pathogens of different toxicity

The cereus group represents sporulating soil bacteriacontaining pathogenic strains which may cause diarrheic or emetic foodpoisoning outbreaks. Multiple locus sequence typing revealed a presencein natural samples of these bacteria of about thirty clonal complexes.Application of genomic methods to this group was however biased due tothe major interest for representatives closely related to B. anthracis.Albeit the most important food-borne pathogens were not yet defined,existing dataindicate that they are scattered all over the phylogenetictree. The preliminary analysis of the sequences of three genomesdiscussed in this paper narrows down the gaps in our knowledge of thecereus group. The strain NVH391-98 is a rare but particularly severefood-borne pathogen. Sequencing revealed that the strain must be arepresentative of a novel bacterial species, for which the name Bacilluscytotoxis is proposed. This strain has a reduced genome size compared toother cereus group strains. Genome analysis revealed absence of sigma Bfactor and the presence of genes encoding diarrheic Nhe toxin, notdetected earlier. The strain B. cereus F837/76 represents a clonalcomplex close to that of B. anthracis. Including F837/76, three such B.cereus strains had been sequenced. Alignment of genomes suggests that B.anthracis is their common ancestor. Since such strains often emerge fromclinical cases, they merit a special attention. The …
Date: August 24, 2006
Creator: Lapidus, Alla; Goltsman, Eugene; Auger, Sandrine; Galleron, Nathalie; Segurens, Beatrice; Dossat, Carole et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
On the Virial Theorem for Interstellar Medium (open access)

On the Virial Theorem for Interstellar Medium

An attempt has been made to derive a version of the virial integral that would describe average properties of the interstellar medium (ISM). It is suggested to eliminate the (large) contribution of stellar matter by introducing 'exclusion zones' surrounding stars. Such an approach leads to the appearance of several types of additional surface integrals in the general expression. Their contribution depends on the rate of energy and matter exchange between the stars and ISM. If this exchange is weak, one can obtain a desired virial integral for ISM. However, the presence of intermittent large-scale energetic events significantly constrains the applicability of the virial theorem. If valid, the derived virial integral is dominated by cold molecular/atomic clouds, with only minor contribution of the global magnetic field and low-density warm part.
Date: September 24, 2007
Creator: Ryutov, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
System-level modeling for geological storage of CO2 (open access)

System-level modeling for geological storage of CO2

One way to reduce the effects of anthropogenic greenhousegases on climate is to inject carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrialsources into deep geological formations such as brine formations ordepleted oil or gas reservoirs. Research has and is being conducted toimprove understanding of factors affecting particular aspects ofgeological CO2 storage, such as performance, capacity, and health, safetyand environmental (HSE) issues, as well as to lower the cost of CO2capture and related processes. However, there has been less emphasis todate on system-level analyses of geological CO2 storage that considergeological, economic, and environmental issues by linking detailedrepresentations of engineering components and associated economic models.The objective of this study is to develop a system-level model forgeological CO2 storage, including CO2 capture and separation,compression, pipeline transportation to the storage site, and CO2injection. Within our system model we are incorporating detailedreservoir simulations of CO2 injection and potential leakage withassociated HSE effects. The platform of the system-level modelingisGoldSim [GoldSim, 2006]. The application of the system model is focusedon evaluating the feasibility of carbon sequestration with enhanced gasrecovery (CSEGR) in the Rio Vista region of California. The reservoirsimulations are performed using a special module of the TOUGH2 simulator,EOS7C, for multicomponent gas mixtures of methane and CO2 or methane andnitrogen. …
Date: April 24, 2006
Creator: Zhang, Yingqi; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Finsterle, Stefan & Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sigma: Web Retrieval Interface for Nuclear Reaction Data (open access)

Sigma: Web Retrieval Interface for Nuclear Reaction Data

The authors present Sigma, a Web-rich application which provides user-friendly access in processing and plotting of the evaluated and experimental nuclear reaction data stored in the ENDF-6 and EXFOR formats. The main interface includes browsing using a periodic table and a directory tree, basic and advanced search capabilities, interactive plots of cross sections, angular distributions and spectra, comparisons between evaluated and experimental data, computations between different cross section sets. Interactive energy-angle, neutron cross section uncertainties plots and visualization of covariance matrices are under development. Sigma is publicly available at the National Nuclear Data Center website at www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma.
Date: June 24, 2008
Creator: Pritychenko,B. & Sonzogni, A.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long-range and head-on beam-beam compensation studies in RHIC with lessons for the LHC (open access)

Long-range and head-on beam-beam compensation studies in RHIC with lessons for the LHC

Long-range as well as head-on beam-beam effects are expected to limit the LHC performance with design parameters. They are also important consideration for the LHC upgrades. To mitigate long-range effects current carrying wires parallel to the beam were proposed. Two such wires are installed in RHIC where they allow studying the effect of strong long-range beam-beam effects, as well as the compensation of a single long-range interaction. The tests provide benchmark data for simulations and analytical treatments. To reduce the head-on beam-beam effect electron lenses were proposed for both RIDC and the LHC. We present the experimental long-range beam-beam program at RHIC and report on head-on compensations studies based on simulations.
Date: November 24, 2008
Creator: Fischer, W.; Luo, Y.; Abreu, N.; Calaga, R.; Montag, C.; Robert-Demolaize, G. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Entropy of near-extremal black holes in AdS5 (open access)

Entropy of near-extremal black holes in AdS5

We construct the microstates of near-extremal black holes in AdS_5 x S5 as gases of defects distributed in heavy BPS operators in the dual SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. These defects describe open strings on spherical D3-branes in the S5, and we show that they dominate the entropy by directly enumerating them and comparing the results with a partition sum calculation. We display new decoupling limits in which the field theory of the lightest open strings on the D-branes becomes dual to a near-horizon region of the black hole geometry. In the single-charge black hole we find evidence for an infrared duality between SU(N) Yang-Mills theories that exchanges the rank of the gauge group with an R-charge. In the two-charge case (where pairs of branes intersect on a line), the decoupled geometry includes an AdS_3 factor with a two-dimensional CFT dual. The degeneracy in this CFT accounts for the black hole entropy. In the three-charge case (where triples of branes intersect at a point), the decoupled geometry contains an AdS_2 factor. Below a certain critical mass, the two-charge system displays solutions with naked timelike singularities even though they do not violate a BPS bound. We suggest a string theoretic resolution of these …
Date: July 24, 2007
Creator: Simon, Joan; Balasubramanian, Vijay; de Boer, Jan; Jejjala, Vishnu & Simon, Joan
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Deinococcus geothermalis: The Pool of Extreme Radiation Resistance Genes Shrinks (open access)

Deinococcus geothermalis: The Pool of Extreme Radiation Resistance Genes Shrinks

Bacteria of the genus Deinococcus are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV) and desiccation. The mesophile Deinococcus radiodurans was the first member of this group whose genome was completely sequenced. Analysis of the genome sequence of D. radiodurans, however, failed to identify unique DNA repair systems. To further delineate the genes underlying the resistance phenotypes, we report the whole-genome sequence of a second Deinococcus species, the thermophile Deinococcus geothermalis, which at itsoptimal growth temperature is as resistant to IR, UV and desiccation as D. radiodurans, and a comparative analysis of the two Deinococcus genomes. Many D. radiodurans genes previously implicated in resistance, but for which no sensitive phenotype was observed upon disruption, are absent in D. geothermalis. In contrast, most D. radiodurans genes whose mutants displayed a radiation-sensitive phenotype in D. radiodurans are conserved in D. geothermalis. Supporting the existence of a Deinococcus radiation response regulon, a common palindromic DNA motif was identified in a conserved set of genes associated with resistance, and a dedicated transcriptional regulator was predicted. We present the case that these two species evolved essentially the same diverse set of gene families, and that the extreme stress-resistance phenotypes of the Deinococcus lineage emerged …
Date: July 24, 2007
Creator: Makarova, Kira S.; Omelchenko, Marina V.; Gaidamakova, Elena K.; Matrosova, Vera Y.; Vasilenko, Alexander; Zhai, Min et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remaining Sites Verification Package for the 100-F-36, 108-F Biological Laboratory, and for the 116-F-15, 108-F Radiation Crib, Waste Site Reclassification Form 2007-002 (open access)

Remaining Sites Verification Package for the 100-F-36, 108-F Biological Laboratory, and for the 116-F-15, 108-F Radiation Crib, Waste Site Reclassification Form 2007-002

The 100-F-36 waste site is the location of the former 108-F Biological Laboratory. The building was closed in 1973, decontaminated, decommissioned, and eventually demolished in 1999. In accordance with this evaluation, the confirmatory sampling results support a reclassification of this site to No Action. The current site conditions achieve the remedial action objectives and the corresponding remedial action goals established in the Remaining Sites ROD. The results of confirmatory sampling show that residual contaminant concentrations do not preclude any future uses and allow for unrestricted use of shallow zone soils. The results also demonstrate that residual contaminant concentrations are protective of groundwater and the Columbia River.
Date: May 24, 2007
Creator: Dittmer, L. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Power plant weight status. 140E1 (ACT) (open access)

Power plant weight status. 140E1 (ACT)

None
Date: February 24, 1961
Creator: Phelps, E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Quantifying the Diffusion of a Fluid through Membranes by RemoteDetection MRI (open access)

Quantifying the Diffusion of a Fluid through Membranes by RemoteDetection MRI

We present a method to measure self-diffusion acrossmembranes without the need for concentration or pressure gradients.Hyperpolarized xenon in combination with remote detection of NMR allowsthe measurement of membrane permeation, even in the gas phase. Theresulting images allow quantification of the amount of fluid diffusedthrough the membrane, and represent an alternative, potentially moreprecise way of measuring a membrane diffusion coefficient. The use ofremote detection of NMR allows for non-invasive signal encoding coupledto sensitive detection, making this approach ideal for the study ofdiffusion in intact devices such as fuel cells or separationsystems.
Date: October 24, 2006
Creator: Telkki, Ville-Veikko; Hilty, Christian; Garcia, Sandra; Harel,Elad & Pines, Alexander
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Where Water is Oxidized to Dioxygen: Structure of the Photosynthetic Mn4Ca Cluster from X-ray Spectroscopy (open access)

Where Water is Oxidized to Dioxygen: Structure of the Photosynthetic Mn4Ca Cluster from X-ray Spectroscopy

Light-driven oxidation of water to dioxygen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria iscatalyzed within photosystem II (PS II) by a Mn4Ca cluster. Although the cluster has been studied by many different methods, the structure and the mechanism have remained elusive. X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy and EXAFS studies have been particularly useful in probing the electronic and geometric structure, and the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction. Recent progress, reviewed here, includes polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of PS II single crystals. Analysis of those results has constrained the Mn4Ca cluster geometry to a setof three similar high-resolution structures. The structure of the cluster from the present study is unlike either the 3.0 or 3.5 Angstrom-resolution X-ray structures or other previously proposed models. The differences between the models derived from X-rayspectroscopy and crystallography are predominantly because of damage to the Mn4Ca cluster by X-rays under the conditions used for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. X-ray spectroscopy studies are also used for studying the changes in the structure of the Mn4Ca catalytic center as it cycles through the five intermediate states known as the Si-states (i=0-4). The electronic structure of the Mn4Ca cluster has been studied more recently using resonant inelastic X-ray …
Date: October 24, 2007
Creator: Yano, Junko; Yano, Junko & Yachandra, Vittal K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emittance and Current of Electrons Trapped in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (open access)

Emittance and Current of Electrons Trapped in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

In recent experiments plasma electrons became trapped in a plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). The transverse size of these trapped electrons on a downstream diagnostic yields an upper limit measurement of transverse normalized emittance divided by peak current, {var_epsilon}{sub N,x}/I. The lowest upper limit for {var_epsilon}{sub N,x}/I measured in the experiment is 1.3 {center_dot} 10{sup -10} m/A.
Date: September 24, 2008
Creator: Kirby, N.; Blumenfeld, I.; Clayton, C. E.; Decker, F. J.; Hogan, M. J.; Huang, C. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A High Repetition Rate VUV-Soft X-Ray FEL Concept (open access)

A High Repetition Rate VUV-Soft X-Ray FEL Concept

We report on design studies for a seeded FEL light source that is responsive to the scientific needs of the future. The FEL process increases radiation flux by several orders of magnitude above existing incoherent sources, and offers the additional enhancements attainable by optical manipulations of the electron beam: control of the temporal duration and bandwidth of the coherent output, reduced gain length in the FEL, utilization of harmonics to attain shorter wavelengths, and precise synchronization of the x-ray pulse with seed laser systems. We describe an FEL facility concept based on a high repetition rate RF photocathode gun, that would allow simultaneous operation of multiple independent FEL's, each producing high average brightness, tunable over the VUV-soft x-ray range, and each with individual performance characteristics determined by the configuration of the FEL. SASE, enhanced-SASE (ESASE), seeded, harmonic generation, and other configurations making use of optical manipulations of the electron beam may be employed, providing a wide range of photon beam properties to meet varied user demands.
Date: June 24, 2007
Creator: Corlett, J.; Byrd, J.; Fawley, W. M.; Gullans, M.; Li, D.; Lidia, S. M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Passive Detection of Narrowband Sources Using a Sensor Array (open access)

Passive Detection of Narrowband Sources Using a Sensor Array

In this report we derive a model for a highly scattering medium, implemented as a set of MATLAB functions. This model is used to analyze an approach for using time-reversal to enhance the detection of a single frequency source in a highly scattering medium. The basic approach is to apply the singular value decomposition to the multistatic response matrix for a time-reversal array system. We then use the array in a purely passive mode, measuring the response to the presence of a source. The measured response is projected onto the singular vectors, creating a time-reversal pseudo-spectrum. We can then apply standard detection techniques to the pseudo-spectrum to determine the presence of a source. If the source is close to a particular scatterer in the medium, then we would expect an enhancement of the inner product between the array response to the source with the singular vector associated with that scatterer. In this note we begin by deriving the Foldy-Lax model of a highly scattering medium, calculate both the field emitted by the source and the multistatic response matrix of a time-reversal array system in the medium, then describe the initial analysis approach.
Date: October 24, 2007
Creator: Chambers, D H; Candy, J V & Guidry, B L
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Next Generation Integrated Environment for Collaborative Work Across Internets (open access)

Next Generation Integrated Environment for Collaborative Work Across Internets

We are now well-advanced in our development, prototyping and deployment of a high performance next generation Integrated Environment for Collaborative Work. The system, aimed at using the capability of ESnet and Internet2 for rapid data exchange, is based on the Virtual Room Videoconferencing System (VRVS) developed by Caltech. The VRVS system has been chosen by the Internet2 Digital Video (I2-DV) Initiative as a preferred foundation for the development of advanced video, audio and multimedia collaborative applications by the Internet2 community. Today, the system supports high-end, broadcast-quality interactivity, while enabling a wide variety of clients (Mbone, H.323) to participate in the same conference by running different standard protocols in different contexts with different bandwidth connection limitations, has a fully Web-integrated user interface, developers and administrative APIs, a widely scalable video network topology based on both multicast domains and unicast tunnels, and demonstrated multiplatform support. This has led to its rapidly expanding production use for national and international scientific collaborations in more than 60 countries. We are also in the process of creating a 'testbed video network' and developing the necessary middleware to support a set of new and essential requirements for rapid data exchange, and a high level of interactivity in …
Date: February 24, 2009
Creator: Newman, Harvey B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Research project on CO2 geological storage and groundwaterresources: Large-scale hydrological evaluation and modeling of impact ongroundwater systems (open access)

Research project on CO2 geological storage and groundwaterresources: Large-scale hydrological evaluation and modeling of impact ongroundwater systems

If carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies areimplemented on a large scale, the amounts of CO2 injected and sequesteredunderground could be extremely large. The stored CO2 then replaces largevolumes of native brine, which can cause considerable pressureperturbation and brine migration in the deep saline formations. Ifhydraulically communicating, either directly via updipping formations orthrough interlayer pathways such as faults or imperfect seals, theseperturbations may impact shallow groundwater or even surface waterresources used for domestic or commercial water supply. Possibleenvironmental concerns include changes in pressure and water table,changes in discharge and recharge zones, as well as changes in waterquality. In compartmentalized formations, issues related to large-scalepressure buildup and brine displacement may also cause storage capacityproblems, because significant pressure buildup can be produced. Toaddress these issues, a three-year research project was initiated inOctober 2006, the first part of which is summarized in this annualreport.
Date: October 24, 2007
Creator: Birkholzer, Jens; Zhou, Quanlin; Rutqvist, Jonny; Jordan, Preston; Zhang, K. & Tsang, Chin-Fu
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Does complex absorption behavior leading to conditioning and damage in KDP/DKDP reflect the electronic structure of initiators? (open access)

Does complex absorption behavior leading to conditioning and damage in KDP/DKDP reflect the electronic structure of initiators?

Currently, most of our thinking about the defects responsible for initiating laser damage considers them as featureless absorbers. However, an increasing body of evidence, particularly involving multi-wavelength irradiation, suggests electronic structure of damage initiators is important in determining both initiation and conditioning behaviors in KDP. The effective absorption coefficient of energy under multi-wavelength irradiation cannot be accounted for by a structureless absorber, but is consistent with an initiator with a multi-level structure. We outline the evidence and assess the ability of such a simple multi-level model to explain these and other experimentally observed behaviors.
Date: October 24, 2007
Creator: Feit, M D; DeMange, P P; Negres, R A; Rubenchik, A M & Demos, S G
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library