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Missile Defense: The Current Debate (open access)

Missile Defense: The Current Debate

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Hildreth, Steven A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Military Dispositions: Fact Sheet (open access)

U.S. Military Dispositions: Fact Sheet

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Bruner, Edward F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Reform (open access)

Social Security Reform

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Nuschler, Dawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview (open access)

Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview

President George W. Bush has stated that tax reform is one of his top priorities in the 109th Congress. On January 7, 2005, he appointed a nine-member bipartisan panel to study the “complicated mess” posed by the federal tax code and to propose options to reform the code.
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Bickley, James M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Payment Policies (open access)

Medicare Payment Policies

None
Date: February 23, 2005
Creator: Tilson, Sibyl L.; Chaikind, Hinda Ripps; O'Sullivan, Jennifer; Morgan, Paulette C.; Justice, Diane; Stone-Axelrad, Julie et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis (open access)

Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis

Foreign direct investment in the United States declined sharply after 2000, when a record $300 billion was invested in U.S. businesses and real estate. In 2004, according to preliminary data, foreigners invested about $100 billion. Foreign direct investments are highly sought after by State and local governments that are struggling to create additional jobs in their localities.
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations (open access)

India-U.S. Relations

This report briefs the context of India - U.S relations and also discusses its bilateral issues
Date: February 23, 2005
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006 (open access)

HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006

On February 7th, 2005, the Bush Administration requested $3.16 billion for international HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria program in FY2006, a 9% increase over the estimated amount to be provided in FY2005. The request included $2.564 billion to be appropriated through the Foreign Operations appropriations and $596 million through appropriations for the Departments of Labor and Health and Human Services.
Date: February 23, 2005
Creator: Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) (open access)

The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA)

On August 5, 2004, the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic signed the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, or the DR-CAFTA. The DR-CAFTA was negotiated as a regional agreement in which all parties would be subject to the “the same set of obligations and commitments,” but with each country defining its own separate schedules for market access. It is a comprehensive and reciprocal trade agreement, which distinguishes it from the unilateral preferential trade arrangement between the United States and these countries as part of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), as amended. It liberalizes trade in goods, services, government procurement, intellectual property, investment, and addresses labor and environment issues.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Potential Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress

None
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Ship Acquisition: Options for Lower-Cost Ship Designs - Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Ship Acquisition: Options for Lower-Cost Ship Designs - Issues for Congress

None
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
"Bunker Busters": Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Issues, FY2005 and FY2006 (open access)

"Bunker Busters": Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Issues, FY2005 and FY2006

The Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP) program has been the most controversial nuclear weapon program in Congress for the last several years. Supporters argue that it is needed to attack hard and deeply buried targets (such as leadership bunkers) in countries of concern, thereby deterring or defeating challenges from such nations; critics assert that RNEP would lower the threshold for use of nuclear weapons and prompt other nations to develop nuclear weapons to deter U.S. attack. This report presents a brief technical background on RNEP, then discusses the history of RNEP in Congress and the Administration for the FY2005 and FY2006 budget cycles.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Medalia, Jonathan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

None
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Authorization and Apropriations Bills: A Chronology, FY1970-FY2006 (open access)

Defense Authorization and Apropriations Bills: A Chronology, FY1970-FY2006

This report is a research aid, which lists the DOD authorization bills (Table 1) and appropriations bills (Table 2). This report includes all the pertinent information on the passage of these bills through the legislative process: bill numbers, report numbers, dates reported and passed, recorded vote numbers and vote tallies, dates of passage of the conference reports with their numbers and votes, vetoes, substitutions, dates of final passage, and public law numbers. Table 3 shows real growth or decline in national defense funding for FY1940-FY2009. Table 4 gives a more detailed picture of both regular and supplemental defense appropriations from the 103rd Congress to the present (FY1993-FY2005). Table 5 shows the President’s DOD appropriations budget requests for FY1950-FY2005 vs. final amount enacted.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Carter, Linwood B. & Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. International Trade: Data and Forecasts (open access)

U.S. International Trade: Data and Forecasts

None
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Nanto, Dick K. & Lum, Thomas
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces

This report provides a summary estimate of military forces reported to have been deployed to and subsequently withdrawn from the U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR), popularly called the Persian Gulf region, to support Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Date: May 23, 2005
Creator: Carter, Linwood B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy (open access)

Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy

The issue of women’s rights in Iraq has taken on new relevance, following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, efforts to reconstruct Iraq, and recent elections for a Transitional National Assembly (TNA). Over the past three years, the Bush Administration has reiterated its interest in ensuring that Iraqi women participate in politics and ongoing reconstruction efforts in Iraq. There has also been a widening debate regarding the extent to which the U.S.-led reconstruction efforts have been able to enhance women’s rights in Iraq and encourage their participation in Iraq’s governing institutions.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Pina, Aaron D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Weapons: The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program (open access)

Nuclear Weapons: The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program

Most current U.S. nuclear warheads were built in the 1980s, and are being retained longer than was planned. Yet warheads deteriorate with age and must be maintained. The current approach monitors them for signs of aging. When problems are found, a Life Extension Program (LEP) rebuilds components. While some can be made to new specifications, a nuclear test moratorium bars that approach for critical components that would require a nuclear test. Instead, LEP rebuilds them as closely as possible to original specifications. Using this approach, the Secretaries of Defense and Energy have certified stockpile safety and reliability for the past nine years without nuclear testing.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Medalia, Jonathan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Implications of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations upon the Regulation of Consular Identification Cards (open access)

Implications of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations upon the Regulation of Consular Identification Cards

The recent controversy regarding the use of consular identification cards (IDs) by aliens within the United States, in particular Mexico’s particular consular, has led to calls for legislation to regulate the issuance of the cards by foreign missions or their acceptance by U.S. government and private entities. This report identifies possible implications that U.S. regulation or monitoring of the issuance of these cards by foreign missions might have upon U.S. obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR), which protects foreign missions in the exercise of their legitimate consular functions and codifies customary international law with respect to the inviolability of consular premises and documents.
Date: May 23, 2005
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K. & Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism: An Overview (open access)

Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism: An Overview

A 1996 amendment to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) enables American victims of international terrorist acts supported by certain States designated by the State Department as supporters of terrorism — Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, and until recently, Iraq — to bring suit in federal court to seek monetary damages. Holders of judgments against these States, however, have encountered difficulties in their efforts to collect, despite congressional efforts to make blocked (or “frozen”) assets of such States available for attachment by judgment creditors. A recent court decision invalidating plaintiffs’ cause of action under the 1996 law raises uncertainties about the future of lawsuits against terrorist States. This report provides an overview of these issues, including a summary of a lawsuit against Iran by former hostages, Roeder v. the Islamic Republic of Iran, and a lawsuit against Iraq by former prisoners of war (POWs), Acree v. the Republic of Iraq, as well as a brief synopsis of relevant legislative proposals (S. 1257, H.R. 1321, H.R. 865, H.Con.Res. 93). These issues are covered in greater depth in CRS Report RL31258, Suits Against Terrorist States By Victims of Terrorism.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2005 (open access)

Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2005

From FY1989 through FY2005 (to date), 31 appropriations, authorization, or farm disaster acts added approximately $53.2 billion in supplemental funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs (excluding the Forest Service, which is funded annually under the Interior appropriations bill). Nearly $41 billion, or 77% of the total amount, was for FY1999-FY2005 alone. Two FY2005 supplementals have been enacted to date, the largest of which was a disaster relief package in response to the 2004 hurricanes and other natural disasters, which included $3.5 billion for agricultural losses (attached to the FY2005 Military Construction Appropriations Act (P.L. 108-324)).
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Death Benefits: Status and Proposals (open access)

Military Death Benefits: Status and Proposals

Department of Defense (DoD) benefits for survivors of deceased members of the armed forces vary significantly in purpose and structure. Benefits such as the death gratuity provide immediate cash payments to assist these survivors in meeting their financial needs during the period immediately following a member’s death. Similarly, the Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance (SGLI) provides the life insurance policy value in a lump sum payment following the service member’s death. Other benefits such as the Veteran’s Administration Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) and the Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), are designed to provide long-term monthly income. Additional death benefits provided by the DOD for survivors and dependents include housing assistance, health care, commissary and exchange benefits, educational assistance, and burial, funeral, and related benefits. Survivors may also receive death benefits from Social Security.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Burrelli, David F. & Corwell, Jennifer R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Schiavo Case: Legal Issues (open access)

The Schiavo Case: Legal Issues

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Thomas, Kenneth R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
What Do Local Elections Officials Think About Election Reform?: Results of a Survey (open access)

What Do Local Elections Officials Think About Election Reform?: Results of a Survey

There are more than 9,000 local election jurisdictions in the United States. Local election officials (LEOs) are responsible for administering elections in those jurisdictions. LEOs are therefore critical to the successful implementation of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA, P.L. 107-252) and state election laws, but there has been little objective information on the perceptions and attitudes of those officials about election reform. This report, which will not be updated, discusses the results of a recent scientific survey of LEOs. The findings may be useful to Congress in considering funding and possible reauthorization of HAVA.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Fischer, Eric A. & Coleman, Kevin J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library