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HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006 (open access)

HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006

On February 7th, 2005, the Bush Administration requested $3.16 billion for international HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria program in FY2006, a 9% increase over the estimated amount to be provided in FY2005. The request included $2.564 billion to be appropriated through the Foreign Operations appropriations and $596 million through appropriations for the Departments of Labor and Health and Human Services.
Date: February 23, 2005
Creator: Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sugar Policy Issues (open access)

Sugar Policy Issues

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
9/11 Commission Recommendations: The Senate Confirmation Process for Presidential Nominees (open access)

9/11 Commission Recommendations: The Senate Confirmation Process for Presidential Nominees

On July 22, 2004, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, known as the 9/11 Commission, issued its final report, detailing the events up to and including the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission recommended that the Senate adopt rules requiring hearings and votes to confirm or reject national security nominees within 30 days of their submission at the start of each new presidential administration. Implementing the commission's proposal would involve imposing new restrictions on both the power of committee chairs to control the agenda of their committees and the rights of Senators to delay or block nominations through holds and extended debate. This report discusses in detail this proposal, how it could be implemented, and the potential effects of its implementation.
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Palmer, Betsy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 109th Congress (open access)

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 109th Congress

This report reviews the status of energy efficiency and renewable energy legislation introduced during the 109th Congress. Action in the second session has focused on appropriations bills; the first session focused on omnibus energy policy bill H.R. 6 and several appropriations bills. this report describes several major pieces of legislation, including the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the Transportation Equity Act. For each bill listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are given, including references to committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list of hearings on renewable energy is included.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Sissine, Fred
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance (open access)

Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance

Large-scale reconstruction assistance programs are being undertaken by the United States following the war with Iraq. To fund such programs, Congress approved on April 12, 2003, a $2.48 billion Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) in the FY2003 Supplemental Appropriation. On November 6, 2003, the President signed into law P.L. 108-106, the FY2004 Emergency Supplemental Appropriation, providing $18.4 billion for Iraq reconstruction. Contributions pledged at the October 24, 2003, Madrid donor conference by other donors amounted to roughly $3.6 billion in grant aid and as much as $13.3 billion in possible loans. This report describes recent developments in this assistance effort.
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Russia (open access)

Russia

None
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Implications of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations upon the Regulation of Consular Identification Cards (open access)

Implications of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations upon the Regulation of Consular Identification Cards

The recent controversy regarding the use of consular identification cards (IDs) by aliens within the United States, in particular Mexico’s particular consular, has led to calls for legislation to regulate the issuance of the cards by foreign missions or their acceptance by U.S. government and private entities. This report identifies possible implications that U.S. regulation or monitoring of the issuance of these cards by foreign missions might have upon U.S. obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR), which protects foreign missions in the exercise of their legitimate consular functions and codifies customary international law with respect to the inviolability of consular premises and documents.
Date: May 23, 2005
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K. & Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism: An Overview (open access)

Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism: An Overview

A 1996 amendment to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) enables American victims of international terrorist acts supported by certain States designated by the State Department as supporters of terrorism — Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, and until recently, Iraq — to bring suit in federal court to seek monetary damages. Holders of judgments against these States, however, have encountered difficulties in their efforts to collect, despite congressional efforts to make blocked (or “frozen”) assets of such States available for attachment by judgment creditors. A recent court decision invalidating plaintiffs’ cause of action under the 1996 law raises uncertainties about the future of lawsuits against terrorist States. This report provides an overview of these issues, including a summary of a lawsuit against Iran by former hostages, Roeder v. the Islamic Republic of Iran, and a lawsuit against Iraq by former prisoners of war (POWs), Acree v. the Republic of Iraq, as well as a brief synopsis of relevant legislative proposals (S. 1257, H.R. 1321, H.R. 865, H.Con.Res. 93). These issues are covered in greater depth in CRS Report RL31258, Suits Against Terrorist States By Victims of Terrorism.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2005 (open access)

Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2005

From FY1989 through FY2005 (to date), 31 appropriations, authorization, or farm disaster acts added approximately $53.2 billion in supplemental funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs (excluding the Forest Service, which is funded annually under the Interior appropriations bill). Nearly $41 billion, or 77% of the total amount, was for FY1999-FY2005 alone. Two FY2005 supplementals have been enacted to date, the largest of which was a disaster relief package in response to the 2004 hurricanes and other natural disasters, which included $3.5 billion for agricultural losses (attached to the FY2005 Military Construction Appropriations Act (P.L. 108-324)).
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: Policies and Proposals (open access)

Gasoline Prices: Policies and Proposals

This report gives information related to Gasoline prices and also discusses Policies and Proposals.
Date: September 23, 2005
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Livestock Price Reporting: Background (open access)

Livestock Price Reporting: Background

Report on livestock price "to provide buyers and sellers with accurate and objective market information" (p. 1).
Date: September 23, 2005
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Weapons: The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program (open access)

Nuclear Weapons: The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program

Most current U.S. nuclear warheads were built in the 1980s, and are being retained longer than was planned. Yet warheads deteriorate with age and must be maintained. The current approach monitors them for signs of aging. When problems are found, a Life Extension Program (LEP) rebuilds components. While some can be made to new specifications, a nuclear test moratorium bars that approach for critical components that would require a nuclear test. Instead, LEP rebuilds them as closely as possible to original specifications. Using this approach, the Secretaries of Defense and Energy have certified stockpile safety and reliability for the past nine years without nuclear testing.
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Medalia, Jonathan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions

The 109th Congress is considering legislation to extend funding and possibly amend the block grant of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which was created in the 1996 welfare reform law. The original funding authority provided in the 1996 law expired at the end of FY2002. Since then, Congress has inconclusively debated legislation to reauthorize TANF (and some related programs) but has kept the program alive through temporary extensions. The latest such extension is scheduled to expire on September 30, 2005. Reauthorization bills introduced for the 109th Congress (H.R. 240, S. 667) have policies that mirror those of bills considered during the previous three years.
Date: August 23, 2005
Creator: Falk, Gene
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combating Terrorism: The Challenge of Measuring Effectiveness (open access)

Combating Terrorism: The Challenge of Measuring Effectiveness

This report is designed to assist congressional policymakers to understand and apply broad based objective criteria when evaluating progress in the nation’s efforts to combat terrorism. It is not intended to define specific, in-depth, metrics for measuring progress against terrorism.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies: EPA's Analysis of Multi-Pollutant Clean Air Bills (open access)

Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies: EPA's Analysis of Multi-Pollutant Clean Air Bills

This report examines EPA's analysis and adjusts some of its assumptions to reflect current regulations. The most important adjustment is the choice of baseline. The agency’s analysis assumes as a baseline that, in the absence of new federal legislation, EPA and the states will take no additional action to control SO2, NOx, Hg, or CO2 emissions beyond those actions finalized by mid-2004. This baseline is put forth despite three rules recently promulgated by EPA that limit SO2, NOx, and Hg emissions on a timeframe similar to that proposed by the Clear Skies legislation.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: McCarthy, James E. & Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq: Effects and Countermeasures (open access)

Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq: Effects and Countermeasures

None
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Wilson, Clay
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt (open access)

Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt

This report presents current data on estimated ownership of United States Treasury securities and major holders of federal debt by country.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Murray, Justin & Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade in the U.S. Gulf Region: Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Beyond (open access)

Trade in the U.S. Gulf Region: Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Beyond

None
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Bolle, Mary Jane
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC): Property Transfer and Disposal (open access)

Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC): Property Transfer and Disposal

The Defense Base Realignment and Closure Act of 1990 and the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 provide the basic framework for the transfer and disposal of military installations closed during the base realignment and closure (BRAC) process. This report provides an overview of the various authorities available under the current law and describes the planning process for the redevelopment of BRAC properties.
Date: February 23, 2005
Creator: Flynn, Aaron M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Should Credit Unions Be Taxed? (open access)

Should Credit Unions Be Taxed?

Credit unions are financial cooperatives organized by people with a common bond; they are the only depository institutions that are exempt from the federal corporate income tax. As financial cooperatives, credit unions only accept deposits of members and make loans only to members, other credit unions, or credit union organizations. Many Members of Congress advocate a reliance on market forces rather than tax policy to allocate resources. Furthermore, some Members of Congress are interested in additional sources of revenue in order to either reduce the deficit, offset the cost of higher federal outlays, or make up for tax cuts elsewhere. Consequently, the exemption of credit unions from federal income taxes has been questioned.
Date: May 23, 2005
Creator: Bickley, James M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Family and Medical Leave Act: Background and U.S. Supreme Court Cases (open access)

The Family and Medical Leave Act: Background and U.S. Supreme Court Cases

This report provides background on the eligibility and notification requirements for taking leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA").
Date: March 23, 2005
Creator: Shimabukuro, Jon O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Hill-Burton Uncompensated Services Program (open access)

The Hill-Burton Uncompensated Services Program

None
Date: May 23, 2005
Creator: Coleman, Sharon Kearney
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Upper Mississippi River System: Proposals to Restore an Inland Waterway’s Ecosystem (open access)

Upper Mississippi River System: Proposals to Restore an Inland Waterway’s Ecosystem

None
Date: June 23, 2005
Creator: Powers, Kyna & Carter, Nicole T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hurricane Katrina and Veterans (open access)

Hurricane Katrina and Veterans

This report provides a brief overview of steps currently taken by Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Congress to address the needs of veterans in the affected areas.
Date: September 23, 2005
Creator: Panangala, Sidath Viranga
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library