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Qualification of Thermodynamic Data for Geochemical Modeling of Mineral-Water Interactions in Dilute Systems (open access)

Qualification of Thermodynamic Data for Geochemical Modeling of Mineral-Water Interactions in Dilute Systems

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Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Wolery, T. J. & Jove-Colon, C.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 24, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004 (open access)

Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 24, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004

Weekly newspaper from Emory, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Hill, Earl Clyde, Jr.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Okla.), Vol. 90, No. 61, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004 (open access)

Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Okla.), Vol. 90, No. 61, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004

Daily newspaper from Sapulpa, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Broaddus, Matthew B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Sealy News (Sealy, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 94, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004 (open access)

The Sealy News (Sealy, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 94, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 23, 2004

Semiweekly newspaper from Sealy, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Griffin, Joanie & Horecka, Bobby
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Secular Trends and Climate Drift in Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models (open access)

Secular Trends and Climate Drift in Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models

Coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (coupled GCMs) with interactive sea ice are the primary tool for investigating possible future global warming and numerous other issues in climate science. A long-standing problem with such models is that when different components of the physical climate system are linked together, the simulated climate can drift away from observations unless constrained by ad hoc adjustments to interface fluxes. However, eleven modern coupled GCMs--including three that do not employ flux adjustments--behave much better in this respect than the older generation of models. Surface temperature trends in control run simulations (with external climate forcing such as solar brightness and atmospheric carbon dioxide held constant) are small compared with observed trends, which include 20th century climate change due to both anthropogenic and natural factors. Sea ice changes in the models are dominated by interannual variations. Deep ocean temperature and salinity trends are small enough for model control runs to extend over 1000 simulated years or more, but trends in some regions, most notably the Arctic, are inconsistent among the models and may be problematic.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Covey, C C; Gleckler, P J; Phillips, T J & Bader, D C
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solid State, Surface and Catalytic Studies of Oxides (open access)

Solid State, Surface and Catalytic Studies of Oxides

This project investigates the catalytic properties of oxides for the selective oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes and for hydrocarbon reduction of NO{sub x}. Various vanadium oxide based catalysts were investigated to elucidate the relationship between the chemical and structural properties of the catalysts and their selectivity for the formation of alkenes. It was found that vanadium oxide units that are less reducible give higher selectivities. For hydrocarbon reduction of NO{sub x}, it was found that alumina-based catalysts can be effective at higher temperatures than the corresponding zeolite-based catalysts. On some catalysts, such as SnO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Ag/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, the alumina participates directly in the reaction, making the catalyst bifunctional. These results are useful in research to improve the performance of this stress of catalysts.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Kung, H. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0273 (open access)

Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0273

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether the district attorney of the 173rd Judicial; District may simultaneously hold a part-time teaching position at Trinity Valley Community College and receive compensation for doing so (RQ-0234-GA)
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0274 (open access)

Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0274

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Validity of engineering documents prepared and sealed by a licensed engineer who is employed by an unregistered firm (RQ-0235-GA)
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Thermal Management and Analysis for a Potential Yucca Mountain Repository (open access)

Thermal Management and Analysis for a Potential Yucca Mountain Repository

In the current Yucca Mountain repository design concept, heat from the emplaced waste (mostly from spent nuclear fuel) would keep the temperature of the rock around the waste packages higher than the boiling point of water for hundreds to thousands of years after the repository is closed. The design concept allows below-boiling portions of the pillars between drifts to serve as pathways for the drainage of thermally mobilized water and percolating groundwater by limiting the distance that boiling temperatures extend into the surrounding rock. This design concept takes advantage of host rock dry out, which would create a dry environment within the emplacement drifts and reduce the amount of water that might otherwise be available to enter the drifts and contact the waste packages during this thermal pulse. Table 1 provides an overview of design constraints related to thermal management after repository closure. The Yucca Mountain repository design concept also provides flexibility to allow for operation over a range of lower thermal operating conditions. The thermal conditions within the emplacement drifts can be varied, along with the relative humidity, by modifying operational parameters such as the thermal output of the waste packages, the spacing of the waste packages in the …
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: van Luik, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aging and Phase Stability of Alloy 22 Welds FY05 SUMMARY REPORT (open access)

Aging and Phase Stability of Alloy 22 Welds FY05 SUMMARY REPORT

Evaluation of the fabrication processes involved in the manufacture of waste containers is important as these processes can have an effect on the metallurgical structure of an alloy. Since material properties such as strength, toughness, aging kinetics and corrosion resistance are all dependent on the microstructure, it is important that prototypes be built and evaluated for processing effects on the performance of the material. Of particular importance are welds, which have an as-cast microstructure with chemical segregation and precipitation of complex phases resulting from the welding process. The work presented in this report focuses on the effects of processes such as solution annealing, stress mitigation, and welding on the kinetics of precipitation and corrosion properties. For a waste package lifetime of thousands of years, it is impossible to test directly in the laboratory the behavior of Alloy 22 under expected repository conditions. The changes that may occur in these materials must be accelerated. For phase-stability studies this is achieved by accelerating the phase transformations by increasing test temperatures above those anticipated in the proposed repository. For these reasons, Alloy 22 characterization specimens are currently being aged at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Aging Facilities for times from 1 hour to …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Torres, S G; El-Dasher, B; McGregor, M; Etien, R; Edgecumbe, T S; Gdowski, G et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues (open access)

Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues

The federal government has a long history of providing credit assistance to farmers by issuing direct loans and guarantees, and creating rural lending institutions. These institutions include the Farm Credit System (FCS), which is a network of borrower-owned lending institutions operating as a government-sponsored enterprise, and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), which makes or guarantees loans to farmers who cannot qualify at other lenders. When loans cannot be repaid, special bankruptcy provisions help family farmers reorganize debts and continue farming (P.L. 109-8 made Chapter 12 permanent and expanded eligibility). S. 238 and H.R. 399 (the Rural Economic Investment Act) would exempt commercial banks from paying taxes on profits from farm real estate loans, thus providing similar benefits as to the Farm Credit System.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Monke, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 197, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 197, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
American Bankers Association v. Lockyer: Whether California’s Financial Information Privacy Law Has Been Preempted by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act (open access)

American Bankers Association v. Lockyer: Whether California’s Financial Information Privacy Law Has Been Preempted by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act

This report consists of american bankers association v. lockyer: Whether California’s Financial Information Privacy Law Has Been Preempted by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Murphy, M. Maureen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 84, No. 349, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 84, No. 349, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 156, No. 40, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 156, No. 40, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 24, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005 (open access)

The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 24, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 23, 2005

Weekly newspaper from The Colony, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Crimmins, Blaine
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Combating Terrorism: The Challenge of Measuring Effectiveness (open access)

Combating Terrorism: The Challenge of Measuring Effectiveness

This report is designed to assist congressional policymakers to understand and apply broad based objective criteria when evaluating progress in the nation’s efforts to combat terrorism. It is not intended to define specific, in-depth, metrics for measuring progress against terrorism.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Perl, Raphael F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Compatibility and Outgassing Studies for Directed Stockpile Work (FY05) (open access)

Compatibility and Outgassing Studies for Directed Stockpile Work (FY05)

Compatibility and outgassing studies of non-nuclear materials were carried out in support of the W80 Life Extension Program. These studies included small-scale laboratory experiments as well as participation in Sandia's Materials Aging and Compatibility test (MAC-1). Analysis of the outgassing signature of removable epoxy foam (REF) revealed unusually high levels of volatile organic compounds in the material. REF was replaced with the polyurethane PMDI. Laboratory compatibility tests of high priority materials were performed and revealed incompatibilities between Viton A (LX-07 binder) and syntactic polysulfide as well as Viton A and REF. With the removal of REF from the system, the incompatibility with Viton A is not an issue. In the case of the viton/polysulfide, both of these materials have a history of reliability in the stockpile, and the observed results, while scientifically interesting, appear to be a laboratory anomaly. Participation in the MAC-1 test led to a detailed study of Viton A degradation. At elevated temperatures up to 70 C, the Viton A samples darkened and exhibited increased crosslinking. Laboratory experiments were pursued to correlate the observed changes to exposure to specific compounds that were present in the MAC-1 canister atmospheres. Exposure to siloxanes resulted in changes similar to those …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Alviso, C; Harvey, C & Vance, A
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies: EPA's Analysis of Multi-Pollutant Clean Air Bills (open access)

Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies: EPA's Analysis of Multi-Pollutant Clean Air Bills

This report examines EPA's analysis and adjusts some of its assumptions to reflect current regulations. The most important adjustment is the choice of baseline. The agency’s analysis assumes as a baseline that, in the absence of new federal legislation, EPA and the states will take no additional action to control SO2, NOx, Hg, or CO2 emissions beyond those actions finalized by mid-2004. This baseline is put forth despite three rules recently promulgated by EPA that limit SO2, NOx, and Hg emissions on a timeframe similar to that proposed by the Clear Skies legislation.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: McCarthy, James E. & Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cross-Roll Flow Forming of ODS Alloy Heat Exchanger Tubes For Hoop Creep Enhancement, Quarterly Technical Progress Report: July-September 2005 (open access)

Cross-Roll Flow Forming of ODS Alloy Heat Exchanger Tubes For Hoop Creep Enhancement, Quarterly Technical Progress Report: July-September 2005

Mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe-Cr-Al alloy thin walled tubes and sheets, produced via powder processing and consolidation methodologies, are promising materials for eventual use at temperatures up to 1200 C in the power generation industry, far above the temperature capabilities of conventional alloys. Target end-uses range from gas turbine combustor liners to high aspect ratio (L/D) heat exchanger tubes. Grain boundary creep processes at service temperatures, particularly those acting in the hoop direction, are the dominant failure mechanisms for such components. The processed microstructure of ODS alloys consists of high aspect ratio grains aligned parallel to the tube axis, a result of dominant axial metal flow which aligns the dispersoid particles and other impurities in the longitudinal direction. The dispersion distribution is unaltered on a micro scale by recrystallization thermal treatments, but the high aspect ratio grain shape typically obtained limits transverse grain spacing and consequently the hoop creep response. Improving hoop creep in ODS-alloy components will require understanding and manipulating the factors that control the recrystallization behavior, and represents a critical materials design and development challenge that must be overcome in order to fully exploit the potential of ODS alloys. The objectives of this program are to …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Kad, Bimal K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOD Business Systems Modernization: Important Progress Made in Establishing Foundational Architecture Products and Investment Management Practices, but Much Work Remains (open access)

DOD Business Systems Modernization: Important Progress Made in Establishing Foundational Architecture Products and Investment Management Practices, but Much Work Remains

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "For many years, the Department of Defense (DOD) has been attempting to modernize its business systems, and GAO has made numerous recommendations to help it do so. To further assist DOD, Congress included provisions in the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 aimed at ensuring that DOD develop a well-defined business enterprise architecture and transition plan by September 30, 2005, as well as establish and implement effective structures and processes for managing information technology (IT) business system investments. In response to the act's mandate, GAO is reporting on DOD's compliance with requirements relating to DOD's architecture, transition plan, budgetary disclosure, and business system review and approval structures and processes. Given GAO's existing recommendations, it is not making additional recommendations at this time. In comments on a draft of this report, DOD recognized that GAO has been a constructive player in its business transformation efforts. While not specifically commenting on most of the report's findings and its conclusions, DOD also said that it disagreed with two points: the level of development for its "As Is" architecture and instances of nonintegration within the …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Monitoring Plan (open access)

Environmental Monitoring Plan

The purpose of the environmental monitoring plan (EMP) is to promote the early identification of, and response to, potential adverse environmental impacts associated with DOE operations. Environmental monitoring supports the Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) to detect, characterize, and respond to releases from DOE activities; assess impacts; estimate dispersal patterns in the environment; characterize the pathways of exposure to members of the public; characterize the exposures and doses to individuals and to the population; and to evaluate the potential impacts to the biota in the vicinity of the DOE activity. In addition, the EMP addresses the analytical work supporting environmental monitoring to ensure the following: (1) A consistent system for collecting, assessing, and documenting environmental data of known and documented quality; (2) A validated and consistent approach for sampling and analysis of radionuclide samples to ensure laboratory data meets program-specific needs and requirements within the framework of a performance-based approach for analytical laboratory work; and (3) An integrated sampling approach to avoid duplicative data collection. Until recently, environmental monitoring at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was required by DOE Order 5400.1, which was canceled in January 2003. LLNL is in the process of adopting the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Althouse, P. E.; Bertoldo, N. A.; Bowen, B. M.; Brown, R. A.; Campbell, C. G.; Christofferson, E. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evidence for the Spectroscopic Signature of Aging in (delta)-Pu(Ga) (open access)

Evidence for the Spectroscopic Signature of Aging in (delta)-Pu(Ga)

Plutonium, because of its radioactive nature, ages from the 'inside out' by means of self-irradiation damage and thus produces nanoscale internal defects. The self-irradiation induced defects come in the form of Frenkel-type defects (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms), helium in-growth, and defect clusters. At present there are neither experimental nor theoretical models describing the changes in the electronic structure caused by the aging in Pu. This fact appears to be associated primarily with the absence of reasonably convincing spectroscopic evidence of the changes. This paper demonstrates that Resonant Photoemission, a variant of Photoelectron Spectroscopy, has strong sensitivity to aging of Pu samples. The spectroscopic results are correlated with an extra-atomic screening model [1], and are shown to be the fingerprint of mesoscopic or nanoscale internal damage in the Pu physical structure. This means that a spectroscopic signature of internal damage due to aging in Pu has been established.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Chung, B. W.; Schwartz, A. J.; Ebbinghaus, B. B.; Fluss, M. J.; Haslam, J. J.; Blobaum, K. M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exploratory Simulation Studies of Caprock Alteration Induced byStorage of CO2 in Depleted Gas Reservoirs (open access)

Exploratory Simulation Studies of Caprock Alteration Induced byStorage of CO2 in Depleted Gas Reservoirs

This report presents numerical simulations of isothermalreactive flows which might be induced in the caprock of an Italiandepleted gas reservoir by the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide.Our objective is to verify that CO2 geological disposal activitiesalready planned for the study area are safe and do not induce anyundesired environmental impact.Gas-water-rock interactions have beenmodelled under two different intial conditions, i.e., assuming that i)caprock is perfectly sealed, or ii) partially fractured. Field conditionsare better approximated in terms of the "sealed caprock model". Thefractured caprock model has been implemented because it permits toexplore the geochemical beahvior of the system under particularly severeconditions which are not currently encountered in the field, and then todelineate a sort of hypothetical maximum risk scenario.Major evidencessupporting the assumption of a sealed caprock stem from the fact that nogas leakages have been detected during the exploitation phase, subsequentreservoir repressurization due to the ingression of a lateral aquifer,and during several cycles of gas storage in the latest life of reservoirmanagement.An extensive program of multidisciplinary laboratory tests onrock properties, geochemical and microseismic monitoring, and reservoirsimulation studies is underway to better characterize the reservoir andcap-rock behavior before the performance of a planned CO2 sequestrationpilot test.In our models, fluid flow and mineral alteration …
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Gherardi, Fabrizio; Xu, Tianfu & Pruess, Karsten
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library