This report is on the Basic Aspects of International Monetary Reform.

Performance of laser fusion targets depends critically on the characteristics of the incident beam. The spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the light incident on the target varies significantly with power, with choice of beam spatial profile and with location of spatial filters. On each ARGUS shot we photograph planes in the incident beams which are equivalent to the target plane. Array cameras record the time integrated energy distributions and streak cameras record the temporal behavior. Computer reduction of the photographic data provides detailed spatial energy distributions, and instantaneous power on target vs. time. Target performance correlates with the observed beam characteristics.

Channeling of positrons in single crystals of silicon was observed in transmission and scattering measurements for incident energies from 16 to 28 MeV. In addition, the spectral dependence upon crystal orientation of the forward coherent bremsstrahlung produced by beams of 28-MeV positrons and electrons incident upon a 5 ..mu..m thick single crystal of silicon was measured with a NaI photon spectrometer. Effects of channeling and perhaps of the nonvalidity of the first Born approximation were observed for beam directions near the (111) axis of the crystal, and coherent peaks near 0.5 MeV were observed for a compound interference direction, in agreement with first-order theoretical calculations. 32 fig.

A description is given of the design and application of a simple e-beam generator for the repetitive pulse pumping of gas lasers. The circuit uses a low inductance Marx and series tuned pulse forming elements.

Recent experiments at the LLL 2.0 terawatt laser irradiation facility Argus have been conducted on glass microshells filled with equimolar DT gas. A variety of microshell dimensions and laser pulse widths have been used with the best results producing in excess of 10/sup 8/ fusion reactions. Numerical simulation of selected experiments using the LASNEX computer code confirm the measured performance. Peak DT ion temperatures of about 5 keV and densities of .2 gm/cm/sup 3/ are calculated and are in agreement with that from neutron time-of-flight and alpha particle spectral measurements together with x-ray diagnostics. Laser light absorption is about 20% efficient. General characteristics of ''exploding pusher'' targets will be discussed.

This report on Developing Countries - Definitions and Data or Third World, Fourth World, Opec, and Other Countries.

This review contains more than 100 observations and 224 references on the dissolution phenomenon. The dissolution processes are grouped into three categories: methods of aqueous attack, fusion methods, and miscellaneous observations on phenomena related to dissolution problems. (DLC)

This report concerns efficacy in stimulating home construction and the outcome of this, as well as if the Brooke-Cranston Program has mostly assisted wealthy households in purchasing new homes, as opposed to low and middle income families.

The thickness of alumina armor plate is determined which will stop a 10-g steel projectile traveling at 2.1 and 3.0 mm/s.

Error field multipoles due to systematic errors in the current distribution are computed and compared with the error field multipoles due to random errors in the current distribution. The systematic field error multipoles are found to vary rapidly across the aperture, and in some cases may be the dominant error multipoles.

The uranium-niobium alloy system was examined in the range of 5.3-to-6.9 weight percent niobium with respect to shape memory, mechanical properties, metallography, Coefficients of linear thermal expansion, and differential thermal analysis. Shape memory increased with increasing niobium levels in the study range. There were no useful correlations found between shape memory and the other tests. Coefficients of linear thermal expansion tests of as-quenched 5.8 and 6.2 weight percent niobium specimens, but not 5.3 and 6.9 weight percent niobium specimens, had a contraction component on heating, but the phenomenon was not a contributor to shape memory.

This fact sheet for distribution at the flash and flow test of HGP-A, July 22, 1976 contains a temperature-depth plot, a brief chronology, and a budget summary. (MHR)

Lithium fluoride as received from the vendor in boule form is 38 x 38 x 13 mm thick. This block is cleaved to wafers of the desired thickness, x-ray-evaluated for ''d'' spacing and greatest intensity, bent to the required radius, and then acid-etched to remove foreign material. The diffraction and dispersion characteristics of a wafer are analyzed using well-collimated tungsten x rays that strike the crystal and are diffracted onto no-screen x-ray film. If the crystal is satisfactory, it is mounted in a spectrogoniometer and rotated through an x-ray beam while a detector is set at the optimized angle for the diffracted x rays. The average intensity across the length of the crystal is recorded by multichannel scaling. Any imperfections appear as peaks or dips compared to the average intensity. The crystal next goes to a 10-channel, filter-fluorescer x-ray unit that compares zero-order intensity to diffracted K..cap alpha.. and K..beta.. intensity. Counts for 100-s intervals are taken in groups of three and averaged. Correction factors for instrument geometry, air, pinhole diameter at zero order, K..cap alpha..-K..beta.., barometric pressure, temperature, etc., are added to the efficiency calculations to obtain the crystal efficiency (epsilon) vs keV data. The crystal is mounted in …

Considerable need has arisen for the development of well-calibrated x-ray detectors capable of detecting photons with energies between 100 and 1000 electron-volts. This energy region is of significant interest since the x-ray emission from high-temperature (kT approximately 1.0 keV), laser-produced plasmas is predominantly in this range. A high-intensity, subkilovolt x-ray calibration source was developed which utilizes proton-induced inner-shell atomic fluorescence of low-Z elements. The high photon yields and low bremsstrahlung background associated with this phenomenon are ideally suited to provide an intense, nearly monoenergetic x-ray calibration source for detector development applications. The proton accelerator is a 3 mA, 300 kV Cockroft-Walton using a conventional rf hydrogen ion source. Seven remotely-selectable liquid-cooled targets capable of heat dissipation of 5 kW/cm/sup 2/ are used to provide characteristic x-rays with energies between 100 and 1000 eV. Source strengths are of the order of 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 14/ photons/sec. A description of the facility is presented. Typical x-ray spectra (B-K, C-K, Ti-L, Fe-L and Cu-L) and flux values will be shown. Problems such as spectral contamination due to carbon buildup on the target and to backscattered particles are discussed.

Recently it has been proposed that heavy ion beams could be accelerated with sufficient power and focus to generate shock heating and create hot plasmas in targets of various materials. This preliminary study addresses two aspects of this process: first, the energy deposition by the primary beam, and second, the problem of energy deposition by secondary nuclear reaction particles. For the purpose of discussion it is assumed that beams of 600 MeV/amu uranium (143 GeV total) are focussed on various targets of thickness 1-10 mm. The energy deposition within such targets by the primary and secondary particles is studied.

Two high-pressure flow microreactors continue to function effectively for studies of the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, methyl-substituted dibenzothiophene and also for studies of the hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline. The hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene has been examined in a flow system in a totally reproducible fashion free from catalyst deactivation for extended periods. The reaction is first-order in dibenzothiophene, and all of the reaction products except H/sub 2/S are sulfur free. A program for determining the kinetics and reaction network of methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes was started. For example, the rate for hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene is about one-fifth the rate for dibenzothiophene. The hydrocarbon reaction products except H/sub 2/S are sulfur free; therefore, the initial point of attack is concluded to be the C-S bond. The hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline was examined further by replacing white oil with hexadecane; this substitution permits the determination of the nitrogen-free reaction products by gas chromatography. These studies show that the C-N bond is broken after at least the heterocyclic ring and preferably both rings are hydrogenated. The hydrogenolysis reactions are rate limiting for the overall process of nitrogen removal. The hydrodenitrogenation of acridine is slower than that of quinoline. The reaction network shows that the molecule must be hydrogenated before …

This report discusses the current status of liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) development and one of the principal safety issues, a hypothetical core-disruptive accident (HCDA). Bibliographic information on worldwide LMFBRs relative to the development of the breeder reactor as a safe source of nuclear power is presented for the period 1970 through 1972. The bibliography consists of approximately 1620 abstracts covering early research and development and operating experiences leading up to the present design practices that are necessary for the licensing of breeder reactors. Key-word, author, and permuted-title indexes are included for completeness.

Convex-curved crystals of lithium fluoride demonstrate good dispersion and efficiency when used in reflection for x-ray spectral analysis. The crystals are stable and reasonably unaffected by harsh environments. In addition, they are mechanically strong, easily cleavable or machinable, and plastically deformable with heat. In the present study, flat crystal wafers were left either clear as cleaved or were subjected to surface treatment by sandblasting or lapping. Some wafers were then bent in a press mold to obtain convex-curved crystals of differing radii. The diffraction efficiency data presented show how surface treatment affects the efficiency of these various crystals when used as x-ray diffracting agents.

In order to view the thermonuclear burn generated by laser driven implosions of D-T filled microspheres ten to twenty micron diameter gold and tantalum pinholes have been built to image 3.52 MeV alpha particles. KODAK Pathe LR115 Cellulose Nitrate is used as a detector behind an 8.3 x 10/sup -3/ gm/cm/sup 2/ tantalum filter. The 3.52 MeV alpha particles reach the emulsion with approximately 0.9 MeV energy and are absorbed in the first three microns. High energy x-rays and electrons are also imaged, but their greater penetration allows discrimination.

The extent to which earth subsidence may be caused by in situ coal gasification is studied using the method of finite elements. This study takes into account rock failure modes and nonlinearity of rock stiffness. Two models were studied for the site at Hoe Creek, where a coal seam is overlain and underlain by interbedded clays and sandstones. These two studies are expected to bracket any subsidence that may occur. Maximum subsidence was 0.06 in. using the stiff model and 3.5 in. using the soft model, neither of which suggests undesirably large subsidence.

The LPTR (Livermore Pool Type Reactor) safety system had several undesirable features in its original equipment (vintage 1956). A single trip bus, electron tube construction, and trip failure in the case of a shorted magnet actuator, are some of the problems encountered in the original equipment. The continued use of this old equipment resulted in high maintenance costs, excessive magnet actuator replacement, difficult set-up procedures for operations, and the requirement that the reactor be shut down to make safety level trip tests. This paper describes the solution of the stated problems.

Studies were made of the process characteristics of a plant to decontaminate tritiated water using dual temperature exchange with VH/sub 2/. Feed to the plant consists of 300 kg/day on water containing 1 Ci/kg of tritium. A reference design was developed based on a decontamination factor of 10/sup 2/ and 10 kg/day of enriched product. This design requires a total of 48 ideal separation stages, 22 stages in the enriching section and 26 stages in the stripping section. Only low grade heat is required for the heating cycle and a relatively small (12 ton) ice machine is required for the cooling cycle. A total plant inventory of approximately 10 tons VH/sub 2/ is required. A mechanical design of the dual temperature stage complete with all heat transfer surfaces and flow diverters was devised and modeled. Since the process involves periodic swings in temperature between 0 and 60/sup 0/C, a substantial portion of the operation is expected to be in unsteady state transition from one state to another. A two-step experimental program has been presented: the first step consists of a single stage unit, i.e., one hot bed and one cold bed operating in a simple closed loop. The second stage …

Optimal linear interpolation between discrete observations in R/sup 2/ depends on the random function model assumed to generate the two-dimensional field. Sensitivity of the optimal solution to errors in specification of the model are studied. An illustration using second-order stationary models with a misspecified autocorrelation function is examined in detail. We also explore, by examples, the sensitivity procedure when more distant data points are omitted from the calculations. We have found that the optimal linear estimator is grossly insensitive to misspecifications of the autocorrelation function. However, if the misspecified autocorrelation function is used in the calculation of the squared interpolation error--then such error calculations may be grossly misleading.

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