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On-site waste storage assuring the success of on-site, low-level nuclear waste storage
Waste management has reached paramount importance in recent years. The successful management of radioactive waste is a key ingredient in the successful operation of any nuclear facility. This paper discusses the options available for on-site storage of low-level radioactive waste and those options that have been selected by the Department of Energy facilities operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The focus of the paper is on quality assurance (QA) features of waste management activities such as accountability and retrievability of waste materials and waste packages, retrievability of data, waste containment, safety and environmental monitoring. Technical performance and careful documentation of that performance are goals which can be achieved only through the cooperation of numerous individuals from waste generating and waste managing organizations, engineering, QA, and environmental management.
Date:
September 21, 1986
Creator:
Preston, E.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory underground coal gasification data base. [US DOE-supported field tests; data]
The Department of Energy has sponsored a number of field projects to determine the feasibility of converting the nation's vast coal reserves into a clean efficient energy source via underground coal gasification (UCG). Due to these tests, a significant data base of process information has developed covering a range of coal seams (flat subbituminous, deep flat bituminous and steeply dipping subbituminous) and processing techniques. A summary of all DOE-sponsored tests to data is shown. The development of UCG on a commercial scale requires involvement from both the public and private sectors. However, without detailed process information, accurate assessments of the commercial viability of UCG cannot be determined. To help overcome this problem the DOE has directed the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop a UCG data base containing raw and reduced process data from all DOE-sponsored field tests. It is our intent to make the data base available upon request to interested parties, to help them assess the true potential of UCG.
Date:
August 21, 1981
Creator:
Cena, R. J. & Thorsness, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modal photon densities
The short wavelength laser code XRASER uses line raidation fields whose dimensions are photons/mode. In this document, we discuss modal photon densities and provide formulas relating these units to units more familiar to the LLNL community.
Date:
June 21, 1982
Creator:
Hagelstein, P.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limits on likesign dilepton production in nu/sub. mu. / interactions
We have searched for the production of likesign dilepton events (nu/sub ..mu../ + Ne ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + e/sup -/ + ...) in a wideband neutrino beam at FNAL using the 15' bubble chamber. We observe no signal above the background arising from conventional sources. We set 90% confidence level upper limits for the production rates of (nu/sub ..mu../ + Ne ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + e/sup -/ + ...)/(nu/sub ..mu../ + Ne ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + ...) less than or equal to 8 * 10/sup -5/ and (nu/sub ..mu../ + Ne ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + e/sup -/ + ...)/(nu/sub ..mu../ + Ne ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/ + e/sup +/ + ...) less than or equal to 6 * 10/sup -2/.
Date:
May 21, 1985
Creator:
Baker, N. J.; Connolly, P. L.; Kahn, S. A.; Murtagh, M. J.; Palmer, R. B.; Samios, N. P. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Linear induction accelerator parameter options
The principal undertaking of the Beam Research Program over the past decade has been the investigation of propagating intense self-focused beams. Recently, the major activity of the program has shifted toward the investigation of converting high quality electron beams directly to laser radiation. During the early years of the program, accelerator development was directed toward the generation of very high current (>10 kA), high energy beams (>50 MeV). In its new mission, the program has shifted the emphasis toward the production of lower current beams (>3 kA) with high brightness (>10/sup 6/ A/(rad-cm)/sup 2/) at very high average power levels. In efforts to produce these intense beams, the state of the art of linear induction accelerators (LIA) has been advanced to the point of satisfying not only the current requirements but also future national needs.
Date:
April 21, 1986
Creator:
Birx, D.L.; Caporaso, G.J. & Reginato, L.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-ray diffraction study of reversible deformation mechanisms in the aged uranium-6. 5 niobium alloy
The x-ray diffraction (XRD) data from 200/sup 0/C/2h-aged uranium-6.5 wt % niobium (U-6.5Nb) alloys, taken under stress as a function of strain, revealed a gamma-zero (..gamma../sup 0/)..-->.. alpha prime-prime (..cap alpha..'') thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation. It was concluded that the primary reversible deformation modes consisted of the movement of ..gamma../sup 0//..cap alpha..'' interphase interfaces and ..cap alpha..'' intervariant interfaces. Specimen elasticity at low strains was associated with the retreat of interphase interfaces. At higher strains, interphase interfaces did not recover significantly on unloading, and elasticity was due primarily to the retreat of ..cap alpha..'' intervariant interfaces.
Date:
June 21, 1985
Creator:
Carpenter, D.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The theory of hybrid stochastic algorithms
These lectures introduce the family of Hybrid Stochastic Algorithms for performing Monte Carlo calculations in Quantum Field Theory. After explaining the basic concepts of Monte Carlo integration we discuss the properties of Markov processes and one particularly useful example of them: the Metropolis algorithm. Building upon this framework we consider the Hybrid and Langevin algorithms from the viewpoint that they are approximate versions of the Hybrid Monte Carlo method; and thus we are led to consider Molecular Dynamics using the Leapfrog algorithm. The lectures conclude by reviewing recent progress in these areas, explaining higher-order integration schemes, the asymptotic large-volume behaviour of the various algorithms, and some simple exact results obtained by applying them to free field theory. It is attempted throughout to give simple yet correct proofs of the various results encountered. 38 refs.
Date:
November 21, 1989
Creator:
Kennedy, A.D. (Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (USA). Supercomputer Computations Research Inst.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Elimination of electromagnetic radiation in plasma simulation: the Darwin or magnetoinductive approximation
For many astrophysical and most magnetic fusion applications, the purely electromagnetic modes generated by real as well as simulation ''plasma'' fluctuations are a source of high frequency radiation that is often irrelevant to the physics of interest. Unfortunately, a numerical CFL stability limit prevents either making c infinite or deltat large while using the usual explicit Maxwell's equations for the fields. A modification of Maxwell's equations, which provides implicitly the field components, circumvents this problem. The solution is to neglect retardation effects so that the electromagnetic propagation speed is effectively infinite. The purely electromagnetic modes in this limit evolve ''instantly'' to a time-asymptotic configuration about the macroscopic plasma configuration at each new time level. The Darwin or magnetoinductive approximation effectively provides infinite propagation speeds for purely electromagnetic modes by converting Maxwell's equations from hyperbolic to elliptic in character. In practice, this is accomplished by neglecting the solenoidal part of the displacement current. The elimination of the CFL time step constraint more than offsets the substantially more complicated field solution that is required. The details of a numerical implementation of this model will be presented. Numerical examples will be given and extentions of the Darwin field solution to other plasma models …
Date:
February 21, 1985
Creator:
Hewett, D.W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commercialization of a High Energy Neutral Beam Ion Source. Final Report
This final report summarizes the effort and presents the results of a Phase II fabrication effort to build an industrial prototype of the LBL developed high energy neutral beam source. The effort was primarily concentrated on incorporating hard vacuum dielectric seals and a ceramic high voltage accelerator insulator. Several other design changes were incorporated for cost, reliability or life improvements to include: (1) accelerator grid locating dowel pins to aid final alignment, (2) plasma source to accelerator captive fasteners to aid filament replacement during source maintenance, (3) molybdenum cooling tubes on all accelerator grids, (4) additional fasteners in the plasma generator to facilitate hard seals, (5) modified suppressor grid rails and holders to simplify final grid alignment, (6) adjusting screws on exit grid rail holders to simplify final grid alignment, (7) addition of adjusting screws to the grid end pieces to simplify alignment, and (8) addition of accelerator hat shims to allow two different grid positioning locations.
Date:
December 21, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Relief valve sizing for the sup 3 He recirculation system of the MP-9 polarized target
This report contains pressure safety analyses for the relief valving of the {sup 3}He pump system, as distinct from the dilution refrigerator (DR). However, in a few instances it has been convenient to include here some aspects of the interaction between the DR and the gas loop proper. The more localized safety aspects of certain elements of the DR, such as the vacuum jacket and window, the Still, and the Phase Separator, will be addressed in a separate analysis.
Date:
August 21, 1989
Creator:
Hill, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemistry research and development. Research and development semiannual progress report, January--June 1977
Results of investigations and developmental activities are reported in chemical research, component research, instrumental and statistical systems, pilot plant research, and process chemistry and instrumentation. (JRD)
Date:
October 21, 1977
Creator:
Miner, F. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BERYLLIUM CARBIDE
Analytical methods are given for determining the composition and impurities of beryllium carbide. A summary of the experimental work leading to these procedures and supporting data are also presented. Analytical procedures for the determination of free and combined carbon, moisture, nitrogen, beryllium oxide, silica, iron, total beryllium, and beryllium metal are outlined. Diagrams of special apparatus used are included. (auth)
Date:
March 21, 1949
Creator:
Bridges, W.L.; Funston, E.S. & Reed, S.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental determination of lower plenum ECC injection effectiveness
The effectiveness of lower plenum emergency core coolant (ECC) injection during a double ended offset shear cold leg break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) was investigated experimentally in a small-scale model of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). In order to determine relative merit of the lower plenum injection concept to mitigate the severity of a large break LOCA, data from lower plenum injection experiments were compared to data from an experiment in the Semiscale Mod-3 sytem in which cold leg ECC injection was utilized. The results indicated that lower plenum injection was extremely effective in initiating early reflooding of the core and earlier rod quenching than was observed in the cold leg injection experiment.
Date:
November 21, 1980
Creator:
Hanson, R.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface treatment of lead glass microsphere
The structural arrangement of a hydrated glass surface depends on the composition, thermal history and surface treatment. This paper considers the surface treatment of a lead glass with weak and strong acid solutions and in particular hydrogen peroxide, to give a microscopically clean microsphere.
Date:
May 21, 1980
Creator:
Andrews, J.E. Jr. & Koo, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report on the reconnaissance resistivity survey in the East Mesa area, Imperial County, California for U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation
A section of notes on geothermal exploration using the resistivity method precedes the main body of the paper. Field data from the Broadlands Area of New Zealand, Java, and the Imperial Valley, California are included. The reconnaissance resistivity survey recently completed in the East Mesa Area confirmed that a broad zone of low resistivities at depth extends through the area in a NNW direction. The interpretation of the resistivity data and the location of the resistivity lows at depth is much less definite in the Imperial Valley than it is in other areas of geothermal exploration. This is due to the extremely low background level of resistivities. The low resistivities in the Imperial Valley are due to the high porosity of the sediments and the high salinity of the solutions contained within the rock. The expected decrease in resistivity due to elevated temperature is much more difficult to detect in this environment. Edges of the zones of low resistivities have been delineated in almost all directions. (JGB)
Date:
January 21, 1974
Creator:
Bell, B.S. & Hallof, P.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Apparatus and method for pyrolyzing biomass material
A technique for pyrolyzing biomass materials is disclosed wherein a hot surface is provided having a predetermined temperature which is sufficient to pyrolyze only the surface strata of the biomass material without substantially heating the interior of the biomass material thereby providing a large temperature gradient from the surface strata inwardly of the relatively cool biomass materials. Relative motion and physical contact is produced between the surface strata and the hot surface for a sufficient period of time for ablative pyrolyzation by heat conduction to occur with minimum generation of char.
Date:
August 21, 1981
Creator:
Diebold, J. P. & Reed, T. B.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of refractory materials for a nuclear waste incinerator
An experiment to find a suitable refractory lining for a nuclear waste incinerator has been completed. Eleven brick and six castable products were analyzed by optical and scanning microscopy. All the materials were fashioned into cup shapes and subjected to temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200/sup 0/C for as long as six weeks. Some of the cups were charged weekly with pellets made from ash materials that would contact an incinerator liner. Refractory products containing a high percentage of aluminum oxide had the greatest resistance to cracking and slag buildup. 35 figures.
Date:
July 21, 1980
Creator:
Grotzky, V. K.; Kneale, P. A. & Teter, A. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2660 A holographic interferometry of laser produced plasmas from tilted disk targets
Using double exposure holographic interferometry, an investigation has been made of the Nd laser produced plasmas surrounding disk targets irradiated at different angles of incidence. Measurements have produced a detailed description of the plasma profile necessary for realistic simulations of resonance absorption. A 2660A 15 psec probe pulse is produced by frequency quadrupling a fraction of the main Nd laser pulse from the Janus laser. F/1 and f/10 lenses were utilized to irradiate the targets with intensities ranging from 10/sup 13/ w/cm/sup 2/ to 10/sup 16/ w/cm/sup 2/. Measurements have produced the shape of the electron density profile near critical, the direction of the plasma blowoff, and revealed transverse rippling of the isodensity surfaces.
Date:
October 21, 1977
Creator:
Auerbach, J.M.; Attwood, D.T.; Lee, P.H.Y. & Sweeney, D.W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division, Chemical Development Section C Progress Report for October-December 1961
Recovery of Th (and U) from Granitic Rock. Recovery of Th by acid leaching ten addltlonal granite samples (36 to 82 ppm Th) from the Conway formation in N. H. ranged from about 50 to 85%, and averaged about 70%, Study of the effect of grind size on the recovery of Th from Conway and Plkes Peak granites showed no significant differences in the range minus 20 to minus 200 mesh. The Th concentration in a sized Conway granite sample was found to be much greater in the fine than in the coarse fractions, whereas Pikes Peak granite showed only slight Th enrichment in the finer fractions. U recoveries in acid leaching of four different granite samples were not improved by adding an oxidant. Collection and Analysis of Granite Samples. A field survey of the Conway granite formations in N. H. was made. Preliminary analysis of the data indicates that the accessible surface of the Conway granite averages at least 40 ppm Th. Collection and Analysis of Lateritic Soils. The Th concentration ranged 5 to 16 ppm in twenty-two samples of sub-lateritic soil from Miss., Ala., Ga., and Va. Final Cycle Pu Recovery by Amine Extraction. In continued batch countercurrent …
Date:
February 21, 1962
Creator:
Brown, K.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Qualification of tribological materials and coatings for use in sodium. [LMFBR]
This paper describes some of the essential performance measures used to qualify materials for tribological applications in liquid sodium environments and summarizes relative properties of some of the newer tribological materials now qualified for use in sodium systems.
Date:
April 21, 1980
Creator:
Johnson, R. N. & Farwick, D. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fundamental study of crack initiation and propagation. [Computer model of ductile fracture]
Objective is to determine the fracture toughness of A533B-1 steel by computer modeling Charpy V-notch tests. A computer model of ductile fracture was developed that predicts fracture initiation. The model contains a set of material-dependent parameters obtained by computer simulations of small specimen tests. The computer calculations give detailed stress and strain histories up to the time of fracture, which are used to determine the model parameter values. The calibrated fracture model, that correctly predicts fracture initiation (and initiation energy) in the Charpy specimen, may then be used to simulate tests of accepted fracture-toughness specimens and hence obtain fracture toughness. The model parameters were calibrated to predict fracture in four different test specimens: two different notched-tension specimens, a simple tension specimen, and a precracked compact-tension specimen. The model was then used in a computer simulation of the Charpy V-notch specimen to initiate and advance a flat fracture. Results were compared with interrupted Charpy tests. Calibration of the model for two additional heat treatments of A533B-1 steel is in progress.
Date:
December 21, 1977
Creator:
Norris, D.M. Jr.; Reaugh, J.E.; Moran, B.; Quinones, D.F. & Wilkins, M.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1962
A total of 25 sections is incorporated in the report. Separate abstracts were prepared for 22 of the sections. Those sections for which no abstracts were prepared are concerned with Th fuel cycle development, assistance programs, and publications. (J.R.D.)
Date:
September 21, 1962
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Literature search for the non-aqueous separation of zinc from fuel rod cladding. [After dissolution in liquid metal]
This report reviews the literature of processes for the nonaqueous separation of zinc from dissolved fuel assembly cladding. The processes considered were distillation, pyrochemical processing, and electrorefining. The last two techniques were only qualitatively surveyed while the first, distillation, was surveyed in detail. A survey of available literature from 1908 through 1978 on the distillation of zinc was performed. The literature search indicated that a zinc recovery rate in excess of 95% is possible; however, technical problems exist because of the high temperatures required and the corrosive nature of liquid zinc. The report includes a bibliography of the surveyed literature and a computer simulation of vapor pressures in binary systems. 129 references.
Date:
June 21, 1980
Creator:
Sandvig, R. L.; Dyer, S. J.; Lambert, G. A. & Baldwin, C. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of the Maximum Credible Accident Relevant to the Design of the Containment Shell, Experimental Low-Temperature Process Heat Reactor Project
The effects of the maximum credible accident relative to the design of the containment shell are discussed. The maximum credible accident is defined. The thermal and hydraulic effects of the maximum credible accident on the reactor system were analyzed. The extent to which fuelrod cladding will melt was estimated. The amount of energy released from the reactor system by the escaping steam and water and by a possible chemical reaction was calculated along with the corresponding pressure rise inside the containment shell. The kinds, amounts, and total radioactivity of fission products released to the atmosphere of the containment shell after the core melts were predicted. (M.C.G.)
Date:
March 21, 1960
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library