A code, SPINK, to track polarized particles in a circular accelerator, in particular RHIC [1], is been used to: find conditions for safely crossing depolarizing resonances, using Siberian Snakes; find the best conditions to match the spin of the injected beam to the ring lattice; study the operation of Spin Rotators and study the beam-beam effects in a polarized proton collider.

The Barrel CRID detector has been operating successfully at SLD for the past seven years. It is an important tool for SLD physics analyses. The long-term operational experience with this device is described.

The only available technique at the present time, to perform particle identification up to 40-50 GeV/c in a 4{pi} solenoidal geometry using the Cherenkov ring imaging method is the use of gaseous detectors tilled with either TMAE or TEA photocathodes, and a combination of the gaseous, and solid or liquid radiators. If one would consider building such a device, one may want to investigate alternative methods of building a single-electron detector. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the GEM together with a simple MWPC detector employing 33 {micro}m diameter carbon wires to obtain a second coordinate. The results are compared to the CRID single-electron detector.

We have measured the mean and standard deviation of the solution concentrations of B, Na, and Si attained in replicate dissolution tests conducted at temperatures of 20, 40, and 70 C, for durations of 3 and 7 days, and at glass/water mass ratios of 1:10 and 1:1. These and other tests were conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the test methods specified in privatization contracts and to develop a data base that can be used to evaluate the reliability of reported results for tests performed on the waste products. Tests were conducted with a glass that we formulated to be similar to low-activity waste products that will be produced during the remediation of Hanford tank wastes. Statistical analyses indicated that, while the mean concentrations of B, Na, and Si were affected by the values of test parameters, the standard deviation of replicate tests was not. The precision of the tests was determined primarily by uncertainties in the analysis of the test solutions. Replicate measurements of other glass properties that must be reported for Hanford low-activity waste products were measured to evaluate the possible adoption of the glass used in these tests as a standard test material for the product acceptance …

This conference explored the latest developments in low-level radioactive waste management through presentations from professionals in both the public and the private sectors and special guests. The conference included two continuing education seminars, a workshop, exhibits, and a tour of Envirocare of Utah, Inc., one of America's three commercial low-level radioactive waste depositories.

The Cooler Synchrotrons and storage ring COSY at the Forschungszentrum Juelich accelerates protons to momenta between 600 MeV/c and 3300 MeV/c [2]. At present the beam is used at four internal and three external target places. In addition, a polarized beam can be produced and accelerated at COSY. A colliding beams source, developed by a collaboration of the universities of Bonn, Erlangen, and Cologne is in operation [3]. The polarized H{sup {minus}} beam delivered by this source is pre-accelerated in a cyclotron to 295 MeV/c and injected via stripping injection into the COSY ring. The polarization of the circulating proton beam in COSY is measured continuously during acceleration with the internal EDDA detector [4]. In this paper the methods to overcome depolarizing resonances in COSY are discussed and the progress to preserve polarization during acceleration is presented.

The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and quantitative characterization of a fluvial-deltaic reservoir which will allow realistic inter-well and reservoir-scale modeling to be constructed for improved oil-field development in similar reservoirs world-wide. The geological and petrophysical properties of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone in east-central Utah will be quantitatively determined. Both new and existing data will be integrated into a three-dimensional representation of spatial variations in porosity, storativity, and tensorial rock permeability at a scale appropriate for inter-well to regional-scale reservoir simulation. Four activities continued this quarter as part of the geological and petrophysical characterization of the fluvial-deltaic Ferron Sandstone in the Ivie Creek case-study area: (1) regional stratigraphic interpretation, (2) case-study evaluation, (3) reservoir modeling, and (4) technology transfer.

We describe the parallelization of a three dimensional, un structured grid, finite element code which solves hyperbolic conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy, and diffusion equations modeling heat conduction and radiation transport. Explicit temporal differencing advances the cell-based gasdynamic equations. Diffusion equations use fully implicit differencing of nodal variables which leads to large, sparse, symmetric, and positive definite matrices. Because of the unstructured grid, the off-diagonal non-zero elements appear in unpredictable locations. The linear systems are solved using parallelized conjugate gradients. The code is parailelized by domain decomposition of physical space into disjoint subdomains (SDS). Each processor receives its own SD plus a border of ghost cells. Results are presented on a problem coupling hydrodynamics to non-linear heat cond

The main objective of this project is to devise an effective re-development strategy to combat producibility problems related to the Repetto turbidite sequences of the Carpinteria Field. The lack of adequate reservoir characterization, high-water cut production, and scaling problems have in the past contributed to the field`s low productivity. To improve productivity and enhance recoverable reserves, the following specific goals are proposed: develop an integrated database of all existing data from work done by the former ownership group; expand reservoir drainage and reduce sand problems through horizontal well drilling and completion; operate and validate reservoir`s conceptual model by incorporating new data from the proposed trilateral well; transfer methodologies employed in geologic modeling and drilling multilateral wells to other operators with similar reservoirs. This report is an overview of the work that has been completed since the prior reporting period and is broken out by task number.

Under the sponsorship of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Transportation Management Division (EM-261), the Transportation Technologies Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has designed and developed an expert system prototype application of the hazardous materials transportation regulations. The objective of this task was to provide a proof-of-concept for developing a computerized expert system that will ensure straightforward, consistent, and error-free application of the hazardous materials transportation regulations. The expert system prototype entailed the analysis of what an expert in hazardous materials shipping information could/should do. From the analysis of the different features required for the expert system prototype, it was concluded that the developmental efforts should be directed to a Windows{trademark} 3.1 hypermedia environment. Hypermedia technology usually works as an interactive software system that gives personal computer users the ability to organize, manage, and present information in a number of formats--text, graphics, sound, and full-motion video.

This paper describes recent development of the UEDGE code in three important areas. (1) Non-orthogonal grids allow accurate treatment of experimental geometries in which divertor plates intersect flux surfaces at oblique angles. (2) Radating impurities are included by means of one or more continuity equations that describe transport and sources, and sinks due to ionization and recombination processes. (3) Advanced iterative methods that reduce storage and execution time allow us to find fully converged solutions of larger problems (i.e., finer grids). Sample calculations are presented to illustrate these development.

One of the issues that came out of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Privatization Interface Control Document (ICD) effort was the need to identify below grade obstructions that exist where the TWRS Privatization Phase 1 transfer/feed corridors pass through the former Grout complex (ICD Issue 9C). Due to the numerous phases of construction at the complex, and the lack of consolidated facility configuration drawings, as-built (or as-recorded) information on the area is difficult to find, let alone decipher. To resolve the issue, this study was commissioned to identify and consolidate the as-recorded information available (drawings and Engineering Change Notices, ECNS).

At the present time, general circulation models (GCMs) poorly represent clouds, to the extent that they cannot be relied upon to simulate the climatic effects of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, or of anthropogenic perturbations to concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN). The long-term objective of this research was the development of an aerosol/cloud microphysics parameterization of mixed-phase stratus and boundary-layer clouds which responds to variations in CCN and IN. The work plan was to perform simulations of these cloud systems to gain understanding of their dynamics and microphysics, especially how aerosols affect cloud development and properties, that cold then be used to guide parameterizations. Several versions of the CSU RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System), modified to treat Arctic clouds, have been used during the course of this work. The authors also developed a new modeling system, the Trajectory Ensemble Model, to perform detailed chemical and microphysical simulations off-line from the host LES model. The increased understanding of the cloud systems investigated in this research can be applied to a single-column cloud model, designed as an adaptive grid model which can interface into a GCM vertical grid through distinct layers of the troposphere where the presence …

The Technical Safety Requirements (TSRs) for the [FACILITY] define acceptable conditions, safe boundaries, bases thereof, and management or administrative controls required to ensure safe operation during [FACILITY MISSION/FUNCTIONS/ACTIVITIES]. Necessary and sufficient controls required for public safety, significant defense-in-depth, significant worker safety, and for maintaining radiological consequences below risk evaluation guidelines (EGs) are included. The TSRs are based on the preventive and mitigative features determined to be essential in [FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT OR OTHER SAFETY DOCUMENTATION], which is based on DOE 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports. The [FACILITY] TSRs constitute an agreement or contract between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and [CONTRACTOR] regarding the safe operation of the [FACILITY]. As such, once approved, the TSRs cannot be changed without the approval of the Cognizant Secretarial Officer (CSO), or designee. The format and content for the [FACILITY] TSRs are based on DOE 5480.22, Technical Safety Requirements; [CONTRACTOR TSR POLICY]; and NUREG 1431, Standard Technical Specifications, Westinghouse Plants. The TSRs will be maintained as a separate, controlled document [TSR DOCUMENT NUMBER].

The objective of the work discussed in this report is to determine if soil washing is a feasible method to remediate contaminated soils from the Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The contaminants are predominantly Cs-137 and Sr-90. The authors have assumed that the target activity for Cs-137 is 50 pCi/g and that remediation is required for soils having greater activities. Cs-137 is the limiting contaminant because it is present in much greater quantities than Sr-90. This work was done in three parts, in which they: estimated the volume of contaminated soil as a function of Cs-137 content, determined if simple removal of the fine grained fraction of the soil (the material that is less than 0.063 mm) would effectively reduce the activity of the remaining soil to levels below the 50 pCi/g target, assessed the effectiveness of chemical and mechanical (as well as combinations of the two) methods of soil decontamination. From this analysis the authors were then able to develop a cost estimate for soil washing and for a baseline against which soil washing was compared.

This calculation note supports the subsurface leak accident scenario which remains subsurface. It is assumed that a single walled pipe carrying waste from tank 106-C ruptures, releasing the liquid waste into the soil. In this scenario, the waste does not form a surface pool, but remains subsurface. However, above the pipe is a berm, 0.762 m (2.5 ft) high and 2.44 m (8 ft) wide, and the liquid released from the leak rises into the berm. The slurry line, which transports a source term of higher activity than the sluice line, leaks into the soil at a rate of 5% of the maximum flow rate of 28.4 L/s (450 gpm) for twelve hours. The dose recipient was placed a perpendicular distance of 100 m from the pipe. Two source terms were considered, mitigated and unmitigated release as described in section 3.4.1 of UANF-SD-WM-BIO-001, Addendum 1. The unmitigated consisted of two parts of AWF liquid and one part AWF solid. The mitigated release consisted of two parts SST liquid, eighteen parts AWF liquid, nine parts SST solid, and one part AWF solid. The isotopic breakdown of the release in these cases is presented. Two geometries were considered in preliminary investigations, disk …

The Hanford Facility Dangerous Waste Permit Application is considered to be a single application organized into a General Information Portion (document number DOE/RL-91-28) and a Unit-Specific Portion. The scope of the Unit-Specific Portion is limited to Part B permit application documentation submitted for individual, operating, treatment, storage, and/or disposal units, such as the Central Waste Complex (this document, DOE/RL-91-17). Both the General Information and Unit-Specific portions of the Hanford Facility Dangerous Waste Permit Application address the content of the Part B permit application guidance prepared by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology 1996) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (40 Code of Federal Regulations 270), with additional information needed by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments and revisions of Washington Administrative Code 173-303. For ease of reference, the Washington State Department of Ecology alpha-numeric section identifiers from the permit application guidance documentation (Ecology 1996) follow, in brackets, the chapter headings and subheadings. A checklist indicating where information is contained in the Central Waste Complex permit application documentation, in relation to the Washington State Department of Ecology guidance, is located in the Contents section. Documentation contained in the General Information Portion is broader in nature and could be used by …

We have used the hydrodynamics code LASNEX to model the hydro-expansion of the tantalum target for the ETA-II experiment. The electron beam has kinetic energy of 6 MeV and has a total energy ranges from 720 to 1440 J. The electron beam profile resembles that of a Bennett pinch. The radius for the full-width-at-half-maximum ranges from 1 to 3 mm. For all these parameters, simulations show that the electron beam is able to ablate the central portion of the target. The expansion velocity of the target ranges from about 10� to 5 x 105 cm/s. The target is hot enough so that the surrounding low-density air is ionized and is expanding at a considerably higher velocity than the target itself. Therefore, care must be taken during the experiment to ensure that the measurement is for the tantalum and not for the ionized air.

The Savannah River Site`s groundwater remediation program was managed by the Department of Energy`s (Department) management and operating contractor for the site, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (Westinghouse). One component of the remediation program was the quality control program. The goal of the groundwater quality control program was to ensure that the results of laboratory analyses of groundwater samples were accurate and precise so that they could be relied upon for making remediation decisions. The objective of this audit was to determine whether Westinghouse acquired the minimal number of laboratory analyses required to ensure that groundwater sampling results met this criteria.

A program was conducted at PSI Energy`s Gibson Generating Station to evaluate options for achieving high sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) removal efficiency with the Unit 5 wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. This program was one of six conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy to evaluate low-capital-cost upgrades to existing FGD systems as a means for utilities to comply with the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The Gibson FGD system employs four absorber modules of the Kellogg/Weir horizontal gas flow design and uses limestone reagent with two additives. Dolomitic lime is added to introduce magnesium to increase liquid-phase alkalinity, and sulfur is added to inhibit sulfite oxidation. The high-efficiency options tested involved using sodium formate or dibasic acid (DBA) as a performance additive, increasing the absorber liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G), and/or increasing the limestone reagent stoichiometry. The unit changed coal sources during the test program. However, the Electric Power Research Institute`s (EPRI) FGD PRocess Integration and Simulation Model (FGDPRISM) was calibrated to the system and used to compare options on a consistent basis. An economic analysis was then done to determine the cost-effectiveness of each high-efficiency option. The results from this program are summarized below.

Vibrating wire stressmeters were installed in the Spent Fuel Facility at the Nevada Test Site. These stressmeters will measure the changes in in situ stress during the five-year spent fuel test. Before installation, laboratory tests were conducted to study reproducibility of placement and to develop a program hopefully to reduce corrosion of the stressmeters while in place at the Spent Fuel Facility. These laboratory tests are discussed along with the installation of the stressmeters at the Spent Fuel Facility.

This report details work performed between Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (LMES) and UTE Straight-O-Matic (UTE) under the National Machine Tool Partnership program. This work included the design and construction of an automatic straightness measuring system capable of retrofitting to existing machines. 1 fig.

Alternative-fueled vehicle technologies have been promoted and used for reducing petroleum use, urban air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, greenhouse gas emission impacts of near-term and long-term light-duty alternative-fueled vehicle technologies are evaluated. Near-term technologies, available now, include vehicles fueled with M85 (85% methanol and 15% gasoline by volume), E85 (85% ethanol that is produced from corn and 15% gasoline by volume), compressed natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas. Long-term technologies, assumed to be available around the year 2010, include battery-powered electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, vehicles fueled with E85 (ethanol produced from biomass), and fuel-cell vehicles fueled with hydrogen or methanol. The near-term technologies are found to have small to moderate effects on vehicle greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the long-term technologies, especially those using renewable energy (such as biomass and solar energy), have great potential for reducing vehicle greenhouse gas emissions. In order to realize this greenhouse gas emission reduction potential, R and D efforts must continue on the long-term technology options so that they can compete successfully with conventional vehicle technology.

The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., and Geophex, Ltd., was established to investigate high-resolution, shallow acoustic imaging of the subsurface. The primary objectives of the CRADA were accomplished, including the evaluation of a new tomographic imaging algorithm and the testing and comparison of two different acoustic sources, the hammer/plate source and an electromagnetic vibratory source. The imaging system was composed essentially of a linear array of geophones, a digital seismograph, and imaging software installed on a personal computer. Imaging was most successful using the hammer source, which was found to be less susceptible to ground roll (surface wave) interference. It is conjectured that the vibratory source will perform better for deeper targets for which ground roll is less troublesome. Potential applications of shallow acoustic imaging are numerous, including the detection and characterization of buried solid waste, unexploded ordnance, and clandestine man-made underground structures associated with treaty verification (e.g., tunnels, underground storage facilities, hidden bunkers).