New experimental data and literature data are utilized to determine the upper temperature of usefulness of zirconium alloys. Three basic engineering assumptions are used: (1) service life requirements are on the order of four years; (2) tubular fuel cladding for rod-type fuel is considered with a maximum wall thickness of 1.27 cm; and (3) heat fluxes are above 157 watts/cm/sup 2/. The interrelation of three basic factors, corrosion rate, corrosion embrittiement by hydrogen and oxygen, and strength are considered. An upper limit for an acceptable corrosion rate for a long-term service of 1 mg/dm/sup 2//day is set primarily by the effect of heat-transfer on corrosion. For the best alloys anticipated, this requirement (even without considering transient conditions) limits cladding surface temperatures to less than 540 C. Oxygen embrittiement of the alloy substrate by oxide film dissolution is not expected to be a limiting factor. Corrosion hydrogen embrittiement was studied in detail and found to limit acceptable service to cladding surface temperatures of less than 525 deg C for established experimental alloys. Hydrogen embrittlement may not be a limiting factor if alloys corrosion resistant enough to be acceptable above 600 deg C could be developed. Zirconium alloys designed for higher strength …

An equation of state previously used by the author is developed further and applied to geologic media. The equation is of the same form as the Murnaghan equation of state, but with the elastic constant terms replaced by the cohesive energy density (internal pressure), and the exponential term given as a sum of the Gruneisen parameter and the gaseous adiabatic exponent. Data for shock compression of silica, basalt, and dolomite are analyzed according to the equation.

A review of methods for static-field compression of an electron ring is shown to suggest advantages for a method in which there is no axial acceleration or deceleration of the ring. In the method proposed here the static magnetic field itself is o such a character that the electrons are neither focused nor defocused in the axial direction. The integrity and movement of the ring through the compressor is controlled by a small traveling magnetic well. The feasibility of creating such a traveling well is discussed, and an example is presented of a current distribution capable of producing the static magnetic field of the compressor.

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A vacuum pumping system that provides a cryo surface for condensing and freezing of H/sub 2/ gas is described. A closed-loop vacuum system was designed and built at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to pump down the neutralizer LH/sub e/ dewar with a volurae of 350 l and the lambda point dewar with a LH/sub e/ volume of 250 l. Both of these dewars can be pumped down simultaneously or one at a time. 100% of the H/sub e/ gas is recovered free of contaminations. The vacuum pump can handle 340 SCFM of gas. The LH/sub e/ dewars are pumped down below the lambda point. This condition reduces the LH/sub e/ container wall temperature to 2.1 deg K giving a base pressure of 10/sup -13/ torr for H/sub 2/ gas/sup 2/. To attain a stable condition the LH /sub e/ baths are puuped down to 33 torr or lower to give a surface temperatare of about 2/sup 0/K/sup 3/. The Baseball II helium factlity is a close loop system. The H/sub e/ gas is recovered from all the LH/sub e/ usage point. This gas is accumulated in one of the two 8000 cu ft inflatable gas bags. The gas from the gas …

Recent efforts in controlled fusion experiments have indicated the need for large neutral-beam sources to provide an initial plasma for further plasma buildup, for use as a stoking source to makeup losses, or for plasma heating. Experiments now operating or envisioned for the near future anticipate the need for kilo-amp neutral beams in the 20-keV energy range and higher. These sources will be required to focus into relatively small-volume targets, have good gas efficiency, and use a minimum of excess gas for downstream neutralization. A test facility with sufficient pumping capacity to handle sources of this size is described. The ion source, mockup extraction grid, and the requisite electronic and power equipment for a 200-amp neutral-deuterium beam are discussed. The beam pulse length will be from 2 to 10 msec. (auth)

The design of the 2XII-B pulse coil system is presented. Development of the coil geometry is given as well as the results of magnetic field calculations. A discussion of the forces developed by this high-energy coil set and the electrical stress on the magnet insulation is presented. The results of materials selection for both the coil insulation and structure are included, and also a description of the fabrication procedure. (auth)

A review is given of the 2X project, including project history and recent results, with the intent that both those new to CTR engineering and those people familiar with its progress will benefit. The current 2XII Program plan is reviewed, with emphasis on the major device fabrication underway at the present time. This construction consists primarily of a new magnet for 2XII, and has been designated 2XIIB. The injection of a 800-A neutral beam is described. The final portion of the paper is a progress report and a summary of cost estimates and scheduling. (auth)

From fifth sympoaium on engineering problems of fusion research; Princeton, New Jersey, USA (6 Nov 1973). A review is given of the 2X project, including project history and recent results, with the irtent that both those new to controlled thermonuclear research engineering and those people familiar with its progress will benefit. The current 2XII program plan is reviewed, with emphasis on the major device fubrication underway at the present time. This construction consiats primarily of a new magnet for 2XII, and has been designated 2XIIB. The injection of a 600A neutral beam is described. The ftnal portion of the paper is a progress report and a summary of cost estimates and scheduling. (MOW)

Both mirror machines at LLL, Baseball II and 2XII, require neutral-beam injection of hydrogen or deuteriurm into the plasma. The neutral-beam injector components and their function in the injector system are outlined. Some of the problems with the ion sources, neutralizers, magnetic shielding, beam burial, and vacuum pumping are discussed. (auth)

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Some of the successes of controlled fusion research in both inertial confinement and magnetic confinement are described. The possibilities of scaled- up experiments are also discussed with respect to cost and economics. (MOW)

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After a brief review of the color hypothesis and the motivations for its introduction, the experimental tests arare discussed. It is assumed that colored states have not been produced at present energies and only experimental tests which apply below the color threshold, when color is a ''hidden symmetry,'' are discussed. Some of these tests offer the possibility of distinguishing between quark models with fractional and integral quark charges. (auth)

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The details of the project planning and project management work done on the Baseball II-T experiment are reviewed. The LLL Baseball program is a plasma confinement experiment accomplished with a superconducting magnet in the shape of a baseball seam. Both project planning and project management made use of the Critical Path Management (CPM) computer code. The computer code, input, and results from the project planning and project management runs, and the cost and effectiveness of this method of systems planning are discussed. (auth)

During 1974-1975, first generation laser implosion experiments have been performed at the KMSF, Livermore, Los Alamos, and University of Rochester Laboratories. Several significant results were achieved in these experiments. The fuel underwent large entropy changes during implosion and did not reach high densities. Consequently, the sensitivity to fluid and plasma instabilities was greatly reduced. A summary of these implosion experiments is presented.

It is shown that even normally incident laser light will be resonantly absorbed near the critical density surface when there are self-generated DC magnetic fields. Theoretical estimates for the coupling mechanism, saturation amplitudes, and absorption are given and tested in computer simulations for parameters characteristic of some recent laser-plasma experiments.

A CO/sub 2/ laser system has been developed at LLL to provide hot start-up plasmas for magnetic mirror fusion experiments. A frozen ammonia pellet is irradiated with a laser power density in excess of 10/sup 13/ W/cm/sup 2/ in a 50-ns pulse. This system uses commercially available laser systems. Optical components were fabricated both by direct machining and standard techniques. The technologies used in this system are directly applicable to reactor scale systems.

A quality-assurance program for tritium-handling systems at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory tritium facility has been developed. Operational guidelines governing system design, construction, and testing have been written. A certified-material storeroom has been established to procure and distribute high-quality materials. Ten systems are currently being modified under the new guidelines.