Structures appearing in various experimental data (particularly those with polarized beams) in nucleon-nucleon systems are reviewed. A number of candidates are presented for dibaryon resonances which can couple to nucleon-nucleon systems.

We have studied actinide burn-up in ICF reactor pellets; i.e., 14 MeV neutron fission of the very long-lived actinides that pose storage problems. A major advantage of pellet fuel region burn-up is safety: only milligrams of highly toxic and active material need to be present in the fusion chamber, whereas blanket burn-up requires the continued presence of tons of actinides in a small volume. The actinide data tables required for Monte Carlo calculations of the burn-up of /sup 241/Am and /sup 243/Am are discussed in connection with a study of the sensitivity to cross section uncertainties. More accurate and complete cross sections are required for realistic quantitative calculations.

The accumulation in groundwater of products from the radioactive decay of elements naturally found in rocks offers a potential for measuring the time that the groundwater has been contact with the rock. This method of dating groundwater has an advantage over using decay products from the atmosphere in that the amount of decay product becomes greater with increasing age rather than less. However, different decay products accumulate at different rates and, thus, have a different potential usefulness in age determinations. The most useful decay product is helium, produced from uranium and thorium. Argon produced from potassium is marginally useful for very old water. Neon, xenon and krypton are probably not useful because they are produced in extremely small quantities. In general, the potential for error increases when a long time to produce a small quantity is required.

This paper discusses the basis of a design for real time special nuclear material (SNM) loss detectors. The design utilizes process measurements and signal processing techniques to produce a timely estimate of material loss. A state estimator is employed as the primary signal processing algorithm. Material loss is indicated by changes in the states or process innovations (residuals). The design philosophy is discussed in the context of these changes.

The LLL safeguards research program includes inspection methods, facility assessment methodologies, value-impact analysis, vulnerability analysis of accounting systems, compliance with regulations, process monitoring, etc. Each of those projects is described as are their goals and progress. (DLC)

Recent measurements of nonsolar isotopic patterns for the elements neon and (perhaps) magnesium in cosmic rays are interpreted within current models of stellar nucleosynthesis. One possible explanation is that the stars currently responsible for cosmic-ray synthesis in the Galaxy are typically super-metal-rich by a factor of two to three. Other possibilities include the selective acceleration of certain zones or masses of supernovas or the enhancement of /sup 22/Ne in the interstellar medium by mass loss from red giant stars and planetary nebulas. Measurements of critical isotopic ratios are suggested to aid in distinguishing among the various possibilities. Some of these explanations place significant constraints on the fraction of cosmic ray nuclei that must be fresh supernova debris and the masses of the supernovas involved. 1 figure, 3 tables.

An effective stimulation treatment requires the interaction of four separate items: frac fluids, proppants, equipment, and planned and properly engineered schedules. While there are good fluid systems and proppants, only judicious combinations and a well thought out schedule which uses all of these materials and available equipment to best advantage is an optimum stimulation treatment. Generally, high flow rates and convective cooling can be used either with conventional (planar) fracturing or with a dendritic fracturing technique. Many of todays fluid systems have been tested to above 400/sup 0/F. Some fluids have survived quite well. Current tests on proppants have shown temperature sensitivities in sand; however, there are resin coated materials and sintered bauxite which are not temperature sensitive. (MHR)

The Raft River Hydrothermal Area, the resource located at the site, and selected experiments conducted at the site are described. The results are summarized. Feasibility studies on the following are reviewed: aquaculture, food drying, essential oil production, and small-scale alcohol demonstration.

The simulator SHAFT79 of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has been applied to field-wide distributed parameter simulation of the vapor-dominated geothermal reservoir at Serrazzano, Italy. Using a three-dimensional geologically accurate mesh and detailed flow rate data from 19 producing wells, a period of 15.5 years (from 1959 to 1975) has been simulated. The reservoir model used is based on field measurements of temperatures and pressures, laboratory data for core samples, and available geological and hydrological information. The main parameters determined (adjusted) during development of the simulation are permeabilities and much of the initial conditions.

The basic physical phenomena associated with geothermal injection are reviewed; problems associated with its numerical simulation are discussed; and the results of some numerical studies are presented. The particular problems chosen for study are: injection of cold water into a thin (single layer) reservoir; a five-spot production/injection configuration in a thin (single layer) reservoir; injection of cold water into a thick (multi-layer) reservoir; and injection of cold water into a one-dimensonal vertical column, representing a cross section of Larderello geothermal reservoir. (MHR)

The corrosion rate and corrosion attack characteristics were determined for thirteen commercially available materials exposed in a geothermal production well for three months. The materials included carbon steels, Cr-Mo alloy steels, martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, high-nickel alloys, and titanium. The environment at the 1800 ft (600 m) depth of exposure was a single phase high salinity brine. The prevailing temperature was 260{sup 0}C and the prevailing pressure was 630 psi (4.0 MPa) during the exposure period. Results indicated that the carbon steels suffered intense generalized and localized corrosion. Addition of Cr and Mo to steels imparted significant improvement in the corrosion performance in this aggressive environment. Of the stainless steels tested, the most resistant were those containing a few percent molybdenum.

A test is presented of the proposal of Pyper that an "orthogonal triplet bond" is an important factor in the bonding of hydrogen to a very heavy element with a single p{sub 1/2} valence electron. The potential curve for TlH was calculated by relativistic quantum methods on two bases: (a) excluding promotion of the p{sub 1/2} spinor and allowing the orthogonal triplet interaction and (b) allowing partial promotion of the p{sub 1/2} spinor by p{sub 3/2} participation and thereby approaching a normal sigma bond. The potential curve for the normal sigma bond was also calculated by suppressing the spin-orbit term. From these results and literature information it is concluded that the orthogonal triplet interaction makes no significant contribution to bonding. Certain other aspects of the effect of relativity on bonding are also discussed.

The present paper represents the first effort to date in which a combined experimental and theoretical approach has been used to study the effects of several inhibitors on hydrocarbon-air flames. This work is part of an attempt to build a consistent picture of chemical kinetic flame inhibition, beginning with a simple halogen molecule such as HBr and progressing sequentially towards more complex and more practical inhibitors such as CF/sub 3/Br. Inhibition efficiency can be defined as the rate of flame speed reduction, the amount of flame speed change per unit inhibitor added. Both the numerical model and the flame tube measurements found that the inhibition efficiency gradually decreases as the amount of inhibitor is increased. The present experimental and modeling results are shown, together with earlier data for CF/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air and CF/sub 3/Br-C/sub 3/H/sub 8/-air as well as HBr-CH/sub 4/-air, CH/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air and CF/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air. In the numerical study it was found that a stoichiometric methane-air mixture with up to 8% methyl bromide could support a flame, propagating at a speed of about 5 cm/sec, even though the addition of the first 1% of CH/sub 3/Br had reduced the flame speed from 38 cm/sec to about 26 …

Four sources or error (uncertainty) are studied in water content obtained from neutron logs calibrated in partially saturated media for holes up to 3 m. For this calibration a special facility was built and an algorithm for a commercial epithermal neutron log was developed that obtains water content from count rate, bulk density, and gap between the neutron sonde and the borehole wall. The algorithm contained errors due to the calibration and lack of fit, while the field measurements included uncertainties in the count rate (caused by statistics and a short time constant), gap, and density. There can be inhomogeneity in the material surrounding the borehole. Under normal field conditions the hole-size-corrected water content obtained from such neutron logs can have an uncertainty as large as 15% of its value.

The backscattering of energetic hydrogen particles, 1-1000 eV, from alkali metal surfaces provides for a relatively large yield of negative hydrogen ions. These yields are enhanced by particle reflection from surfaces consisting of partial alkali coatings over high-Z transition-metal substrates. The theoretical data supporting these observations are reviewed. The parameters leading to optimum reflection yields are summarized. In the volume of a hydrogen discharge with electron temperatures of about one electron volt, negative ions are formed by dissociative attachment to vibrationally excited molecules. The vibrational distribution is determined by e-V collisions between low energy electrons and vibrationally excited molecules, E-V singlet electron excitation processes caused by high energy (100 eV) electrons colliding with ground state molecules exciting to electronic states followed by radiative decay to higher vibrational levels, and V-T collisions between molecules resulting in transfer of vibrational excitation to translational energy. The role of these different processes as they bear on the vibrational distribution is discussed. The possibility of a volume-surface interaction leading to a high volume density of negative ions is considered.

The High-Field Test Facility (HFTF) being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consists of a set of four Nb-Ti coils, inside of which there is a pair of multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn coils. The outer coils are designed to generate 8 T in the 1-m bore; the Nb/sub 3/Sn coils will boost this to 12 T in a 40-cm bore. This paper describes the first operation of the complete set of Nb-Ti coils and describes and gives results from the data acquisition and analysis system that was used during the test.

A one-dimensional Lagrangian calculation of the implosion of a hydrogen gas puff is presented. At maximum compression, 60% of the mass is located in a density spike .5 mm off the axis with a half width of 40 ..mu..m. The temperature on axis reaches 200 eV.

An S-1 optical streak camera with 10-ps (optical) temporal resolution simultaneously records reflected 1.06-..mu..m laser light and suprathermal (> 30 keV) x rays from laser fusion targets. To make these measurements, the camera x-ray sensitivity is increased 30-fold without significant loss of temporal resolution by increasing the effective slit width from the normal 50 ..mu..m to 1500 ..mu..m. The measurement system is described and sample data are presented.

Topics discussed include thrashing in an RSX11M system - what to do; using solid state disk emulators as the swapping device - performance improvement, performance measurement techniques; capacity planning; bis buffering; and DECNET-11M optimization - performance that can be expected for real environments.

The giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - differ markedly from the inner, or terrestrial, planets. Observations of their average density, gravitational moments, and atmospheric composition have enabled astrophysicists to draw some conclusions as to their structure, but efforts have been hampered by a lack of accurate data on the chemical, physical, and thermodynamic properties of constituent materials at the extremely high temperatures and pressures characteristic of planetary interiors. Shock-wave experiments conducted recently at LLNL have provided more accurate equations of state and electrical conductivities for many of these materials, and these have led to improved structural models of the giant planets.

The High-Field Test Facility (HFTF) project has two primary goals. The first is to establish manufacturing capability for a Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor suitable for use in a mirror fusion coil. The second is to provide a test facility for evaluating other fusion conductor designs at high fields. This paper describes some of the problems encountered and the solutions devised in working toward the first goal. Construction of the test facility coils will be described in a subsequent paper.

The ECRH diagnostics system monitors the net power delivered to the plasma by four 200-kW gyrotron oscillators, the frequency of each gyrotron, and some operating parameters of the gyrotron power supply system. The combination CAMAC- and GPIB-based data acquisition system is under desktop computer control that provides the capability for data conversion and display. The data acquisition system is also interfaced to the main computer system that acquires and archives the data.

The twenty-three (23) MFTF sustaining neutral beam arc power supplies were designed to provide 0.3 to 30 second output pulses over a range of 24 to 71 volts and 600 to 4000 amperes at 10 percent duty. For economic reasons, the circuit design consists of a 12 pulse rectifier which is asynchronously switched on and off by a three phase electromechanical contactor in the primary ac input. The paper describes the analysis of the problem, various possible solutions considered, and the simple and inexpensive solution adopted for use.

This paper describes an analytical tool for evaluating the effectiveness of safeguards that protect special nuclear material (SNM). The tool quantifies the effectiveness using several measures, including probabilities and expected times to detect and respond to malevolent attempts against the facility. These measures are computed for a spectrum of threats involving outsiders, insiders, collusion, falsification, and deceit. Overall system effectiveness is judged using performance indices aggregated over all threats. These indices can be used by designers and regulators when comparing costs and benefits of various safeguards. The framework is demonstrated with an example in which we assess vulnerabilities of a safeguards system and identify cost-effective design modifications.