The details of the project planning and project management work done on the Baseball II-T experiment are reviewed. The LLL Baseball program is a plasma confinement experiment accomplished with a superconducting magnet in the shape of a baseball seam. Both project planning and project management made use of the Critical Path Management (CPM) computer code. The computer code, input, and results from the project planning and project management runs, and the cost and effectiveness of this method of systems planning are discussed. (auth)

During 1974-1975, first generation laser implosion experiments have been performed at the KMSF, Livermore, Los Alamos, and University of Rochester Laboratories. Several significant results were achieved in these experiments. The fuel underwent large entropy changes during implosion and did not reach high densities. Consequently, the sensitivity to fluid and plasma instabilities was greatly reduced. A summary of these implosion experiments is presented.

Recent laser irradiation experiments on spherical glass microshells have demonstrated the existence of inhibited energy transport through the dense plasma by electron conduction. Possible reduction mechanisms may include the effects from the ion-electron two-stream instability, self-generated thermoelectric magnetic fields, and resonance absorption fields. The results from numerical simulations, using different inhibition models, for selected experiments will be compared to the data of ''exploding pusher'' targets. Examination of the one-sided irradiation experiments reveal the time dependent behavior of the implosion process.

One of the important parameters of hollow glass microsphere laser fusion targets is the wall thickness and uniformity. It was shown previously how a combination of white light and monochromatic light interferometry can be used to measure the absolute optical path through the center of a glass microsphere. The use of this technique to measure nonuniformities in microsphere walls is discussed. The way in which the actual optics used in the interferometer affect the wall thickness measurements is also discussed.

A class of ion beam fusion targets consisting of a spherical shell of frozen DT surrounded by a low-density, low-Z pusher and a high-density tamper was designed. These designs have a number of advantages over targets with high-density, high-Z pushers.

A 5W argon ion laser that operates CW is used. A broad band rear mirror is tuned to maximum power output. The beam is directed vertically by an adjustable turning prism, through a beam splitter, and then focused with an ordinary microscope objective lens onto the material to be cut. The beam splitter allows a telescope and television camera arranged to view the cutting through the same lens that is focusing the laser. The object to be cut is mounted on a micromanipulator which can move the object in two dimensions in the focal plane of the laser. (MOW)

The success of laser fusion depends on obtaining near isentropic compression of fuel to very high densities and igniting this fuel. To date, the results of laser fusion experiments have been based mainly on the exploding pusher implosion of fusion capsules consisting of thin glass microballoons (wall thickness of less than 1 micron) filled with low density DT gas (initial density of a few mg/cc). Maximum DT densities of a few tenths of g/cc and temperatures of a few keV have been achieved in these experiments. We will discuss the results of LASNEX target design calculations for targets which: (a) can compress fuel to much higher densities using the capabilities of existing Nd-glass systems at LLL; (b) allow experimental measurement of the peak fuel density achieved.

In multiwire proportional chambers used with honeycomb lead converters for detecting 511 KeV ..gamma.. rays from positron annihilation, a source of image blurring is generated by multiple interaction events due to the escape photoelectric x-ray or from the Compton scattered photon. Using the delay line readout method the majority of these double events are eliminated by using the fact that the sum of the time intervals from the prompt anode signal to the signal arrival at each end of the delay line is a constant to within the timing accuracy for a single interaction. Double interaction events produce a time sum which is shorter. Good improvement in image quality is obtained. The observed number of multiple events is larger than calculations would predict.

Preliminary experiments indicate that a hollow cathode, made from impregnated tungsten emitters, can be adapted for the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL)/Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) ion source. Such cathodes could be the basis of a long life, continuously operated positive-ion source.

The spacial profile of a bunched or unbunched proton beam may be found by using a highly collimated molecular beam of N/sub 2/. A certain fraction of the molecular N/sub 2/ will be ionized as it crosses the proton beam. By measuring the N/sub 2//sup +/ current as a function of theta the cross section of the beam is directly obtained. As an example, a 10 A proton beam of diameter 1 mm is considered.

The status of negative ion based neutral beam systems is reviewed. Methods of generating the negative ions of the hydrogen isotopes and the handling and acceleration of these ions are considered. The status of plans for stripping the ions and for constructing beam systems are included.

An effective stimulation treatment requires the interaction of four separate items: frac fluids, proppants, equipment, and planned and properly engineered schedules. While there are good fluid systems and proppants, only judicious combinations and a well thought out schedule which uses all of these materials and available equipment to best advantage is an optimum stimulation treatment. Generally, high flow rates and convective cooling can be used either with conventional (planar) fracturing or with a dendritic fracturing technique. Many of todays fluid systems have been tested to above 400/sup 0/F. Some fluids have survived quite well. Current tests on proppants have shown temperature sensitivities in sand; however, there are resin coated materials and sintered bauxite which are not temperature sensitive. (MHR)

The Raft River Hydrothermal Area, the resource located at the site, and selected experiments conducted at the site are described. The results are summarized. Feasibility studies on the following are reviewed: aquaculture, food drying, essential oil production, and small-scale alcohol demonstration.

The simulator SHAFT79 of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has been applied to field-wide distributed parameter simulation of the vapor-dominated geothermal reservoir at Serrazzano, Italy. Using a three-dimensional geologically accurate mesh and detailed flow rate data from 19 producing wells, a period of 15.5 years (from 1959 to 1975) has been simulated. The reservoir model used is based on field measurements of temperatures and pressures, laboratory data for core samples, and available geological and hydrological information. The main parameters determined (adjusted) during development of the simulation are permeabilities and much of the initial conditions.

The basic physical phenomena associated with geothermal injection are reviewed; problems associated with its numerical simulation are discussed; and the results of some numerical studies are presented. The particular problems chosen for study are: injection of cold water into a thin (single layer) reservoir; a five-spot production/injection configuration in a thin (single layer) reservoir; injection of cold water into a thick (multi-layer) reservoir; and injection of cold water into a one-dimensonal vertical column, representing a cross section of Larderello geothermal reservoir. (MHR)

The High-Field Test Facility (HFTF) project has two primary goals. The first is to establish manufacturing capability for a Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor suitable for use in a mirror fusion coil. The second is to provide a test facility for evaluating other fusion conductor designs at high fields. This paper describes some of the problems encountered and the solutions devised in working toward the first goal. Construction of the test facility coils will be described in a subsequent paper.

The ECRH diagnostics system monitors the net power delivered to the plasma by four 200-kW gyrotron oscillators, the frequency of each gyrotron, and some operating parameters of the gyrotron power supply system. The combination CAMAC- and GPIB-based data acquisition system is under desktop computer control that provides the capability for data conversion and display. The data acquisition system is also interfaced to the main computer system that acquires and archives the data.

The twenty-three (23) MFTF sustaining neutral beam arc power supplies were designed to provide 0.3 to 30 second output pulses over a range of 24 to 71 volts and 600 to 4000 amperes at 10 percent duty. For economic reasons, the circuit design consists of a 12 pulse rectifier which is asynchronously switched on and off by a three phase electromechanical contactor in the primary ac input. The paper describes the analysis of the problem, various possible solutions considered, and the simple and inexpensive solution adopted for use.

This paper describes an analytical tool for evaluating the effectiveness of safeguards that protect special nuclear material (SNM). The tool quantifies the effectiveness using several measures, including probabilities and expected times to detect and respond to malevolent attempts against the facility. These measures are computed for a spectrum of threats involving outsiders, insiders, collusion, falsification, and deceit. Overall system effectiveness is judged using performance indices aggregated over all threats. These indices can be used by designers and regulators when comparing costs and benefits of various safeguards. The framework is demonstrated with an example in which we assess vulnerabilities of a safeguards system and identify cost-effective design modifications.

This paper describes a new approach for implementing personnel safety interlocks logic using industrial-type programmable controllers. The logic for all personnel safety interlocks except those totally internal to a subsystem is implemented in two non-redundant controllers. A high degree of fail-safe reliability is achieved by augmenting the protective features intrinsic to each controller with those provided by a small amount of external support hardware. The controllers are interfaced to the host computer system via fiber optic data links to enable display of interlock and overall system status on the control room graphic displays. When fully implemented, the controllers will perform the equivalent of over 2000 discreet relay functions.

In laser driven inertial confinement fusion research, at Livermore, we are diagnosing many phenomena that occur in a time frame that exceeds the capabilities of even the most advanced, present day oscillographic recording instruments. Many of the by-products of the interaction between the laser beam and fuel pellet are monitored to determine the specifics of the fusion process. By the use of appropriate detectors, we convert the information contained in the radiated by-products to electrical signals which are recorded on high bandwidth oscillographic recorders. Our present range of recording capabilities for one x-ray diagnostic measurement in use at Livermore is shown. A commonly used configuration consists of an XRD-31 x-ray detector connected to a direct access Tektronix R7912 transient digitizer using 1/2 in. diameter air dielectric coaxial cable. This configuration gives a system fwhm of approximately 335 ps. Our premier configuration, on the other hand, consists of an improved response detector and a French Thomson-CSF TSN-660 oscilloscope with a shorter length of coaxial cable (typically 20 feet). The system fwhm in this case is less than 120 ps which is our fastest oscillographic recording system at the present time.

The general problem of dynamic electron-nucleus coupling is discussed, and the possibility of using this mechanism to initiate gamma-ray lasing. Single-particle and collective mechanisms are considered. The problems associated with accurate calculation of these processes are discussed, and some numerical results are given. Work in process in described. 10 refs., 7 figs.

This paper is concerned with intense electron beams, typically of the order of a few kA in current and up to tens of MeV in beam energy. A beam of this kind can be produced from induction machines, examples of which are the ERA (4 MeV, 1 kA) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the ASTRON (5 MeV, 500A), ETA (5 MeV, 10 kA), and ATA (50 MeV, 10 kA) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The emphasis of the paper is on the characteristics of these beams and some applications. 13 refs., 2 figs. (LSP)

Considerable evidence has been presented for the detection of low-degree internal gravity modes of the Sun. By combining the observations obtained at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and at SCLERA, a number of the modes have been classified with respect to their spatial properties. The number of such modes classified has been extended in a subsequent gravity-mode classification project by Gu and Hill. These mode classifications have been tested using three additional sets of independent observations. Positive results have been obtained in each of these tests. These low-degree modes lead to oscillatory perturbations of the Sun's gravitational field. The amplitudes of these perturbations at the earth are inferred from the observed temperature eigenfunctions. For the l = 2 modes with frequencies near 100..mu..Hz, it is projected that these perturbations in the gravitational field will produce strains of the order of 1.0E-18 in gravitational radiation detectors based on free masses. The signals are expected to have coherence times of hundreds or more years. The detection of these signals by gravitational radiation detectors would make available a new technique for use in solar seismological studies which could be quite useful. The detection of these signals could also serve as a way of monitoring …