This report is the second in a series examining the risks for the high level waste (HLW) storage facilities at the Hanford Site. The first phase of the HTF PSA effort addressed risks from Tank 101-SY, only. Tank 101-SY was selected as the initial focus of the PSA because of its propensity to periodically release (burp) a mixture of flammable and toxic gases. This report expands the evaluation of Tank 101-SY to all 177 storage tanks. The 177 tanks are arranged into 18 farms and contain the HLW accumulated over 50 years of weapons material production work. A centerpiece of the remediation activity is the effort toward developing a permanent method for disposing of the HLW tank`s highly radioactive contents. One approach to risk based prioritization is to perform a PSA for the whole HLW tank farm complex to identify the highest risk tanks so that remediation planners and managers will have a more rational basis for allocating limited funds to the more critical areas. Section 3 presents the qualitative identification of generic initiators that could threaten to produce releases from one or more tanks. In section 4 a detailed accident sequence model is developed for each initiating event group. …

The STAR detector for the RHIC colliding beam accelerator is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This detector will consist of a number of subsystems. These include a silicon vertex detector (SVT) for charged particle tracks near the interaction region, a time projection chamber (TPC) for charged particle tracking, an array of plastic scintillation counters (CTB) in a layer around the TPC for triggering on charged particles, a conventional solenoidal magnet, and some additional small triggering detectors along the beam-line. An electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) is an upgrade to the ``baseline`` detector configuration above. The conventional magnet and numerous electronic channels for the SVT and TPC subsystems will generate a considerable amount of heat during the operation of STAR. However, it is possible that a chiller for the magnet cooling water will not be available during some of the early STAR runs. As a result, the average magnet temperature may vary considerably between winter and summer. This note summarizes calculations and measurements performed to evaluate the effects of an elevated magnet temperature on the performance of the electromagnetic calorimeter.

Alloy FA-129 undergoes an increase in crack propagation rate and a loss of fracture toughness in moisture-bearing and hydrogen gas environments. A similar effect is seen on ductility of FA-129 in tensile tests. The embrittling effect in air is attributed to oxidation of aluminum in the alloy by water vapor to produce Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and hydrogen gas. Alloy FAP-Y, which is disordered and contains only 16 a%Al is embrittled by hydrogen gas in a manner similar to that of FA-129. However, laboratory air had little effect on the crack growth rates, fracture toughness, or tensile ductility. The lower aluminum content apparently is insufficient to induce the Al-H{sub 2}O reaction. TEM and SEM analyses of microstructure and fracture surfaces were consistent with the change in fracture toughness with order and environment. Testing at elevated temperatures reduces crack growth rates in FA-129, and increases fracture toughness and ductility. This is consistent with the well documented peak in hydrogen embrittlement in structural alloys at or near room temperature. Elevated temperature affects the degree of embrittlement in a complex manner, possibly changing the rates of several of the processes involved.

This document provides a discussion of the technical progress on DOE/PETC project number DE-AC22-92PC91338, {open_quotes}High Efficiency SQ Removal Testing{close_quotes}, for the time period 1 October through 31 December 1993. The project involves testing at six full-scale utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems to evaluate low capital cost upgrades that may allow these systems to achieve up to 98% SO{sub 2} removal efficiency. The upgrades to be evaluated mostly involve using additives in the FGD systems. The {open_quotes}base{close_quotes} project involved testing at the Tampa Electric Company Big Bend station. All five potential options to the base program have been exercised by DOE, involving testing at the Hoosier Energy Merom Station (Option 1), the Southwestern Electric Power Company Pirkey Station (Option 11), the PSI Energy Gibson Station (Option III), the Duquesne Light Elrama Station (Option IV) and the New York State Electric and Gas Company Kintigh Station (Option V). As of December 1993, testing has been completed for the base project and for Options I and II, has begun but is only partly completed for Options III and IV, and has not yet begun for Option V. The remainder of this document is divided into four sections. Section 2, Project Summary, provides …

The general objectives are to (1) to identify and develop gelled polymer systems which have potential to improve reservoir conformance of fluid displacement processes, (2) to determine the performance of these systems in bulk and in porous media, and (3) to develop methods to predict the capability of these systems to recover oil from petroleum reservoirs. This work focuses on three types of gel systems -- an aqueous polysaccharide (KUSP1) system that gels as a function of pH, the chromium(III)-polyacrylamide system and the aluminum citrate-polyacrylamide system. Laboratory research is directed at the fundamental understanding of the physics and chemistry of the gelation process in bulk form and in porous media. This knowledge will be used to develop conceptual and mathematical models of the gelation process. Mathematical models will then be extended to predict the performance of gelled polymer treatments in oil reservoirs. Results to date are summarized.

While many aspects of matter are unpredictable from basic principles, there are some that are susceptible to empirical descriptions which can be quite accurate and beautiful. One such example from the field of ``Nuclear Matter Under Extreme Conditions`` is the distribution of the number of particles produced, or alternatively, of the energy carried by these particles, in energetic collisions of atomic nuclei. The present work consists of a series of published scientific papers on measurements of the distribution of particles produced, or the energy carried by these particles, in collisions of various nuclei, spanning more than a decade of research. Due to the unpredictability of the theory, the work includes empirical studies of the regularity of the measured distributions from which significant knowledge is gained. The aesthetics of this subject derives from the physical beauty of the measured curves, the characteristic changes of shape with different species of nuclei, and the deep understanding obtained by the use of a simple and elegant mathematical function to describe the data.

Apparatuses are being constructed to create pressed and sintered rare-earth carbide pellets for carbon-ion conduction testing. Attempts were made to determined the temperature of crystalline phase transformation of the CeC{sub 2} and LaC{sub 2} where they change from the alpha CaC{sub 2} structure to the beta CaF{sub 2} structure.

Several spectroscopic methods are discussed that use core levels, such as photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy with photoelectron or fluorescence detection. Measurements are presented on the desorption of a chemical oxide and the growth of oxynitrides with N{sub 2}0 on Si(100). The stoichiometry is found to change strongly with thickness, from a nitrogen-terminated Si surface to a nearly-pure oxide in the outer region of 40--60 {Angstrom} films. Using a third generation synchrotron beam line a sensitivity of better than a tenth of a monolayer is achieved by a simple photocurrent measurement.

LLNL and Texaco are cooperatively developing a physical and chemical treatment method for the preparation and conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to hydrogen by gasification and purification. The laboratory focus will be on pretreatment of MSW waste in order to prepare a slurry of suitable viscosity and heating value to allow efficient and economical gasification and hydrogen production. Initial pretreatment approaches include (1) hydrothermal processing at saturated conditions around 300 C with or without chemical/pH modification and (2) mild dry pyrolysis with subsequent incorporation into an appropriate slurry. Initial experiments will be performed with newspaper, a major constituent of MSW, prior to actual work with progressively more representative MSW samples. Overall system modeling with special attention to energy efficiency and waste water handling of the pretreatment process will provide overall guidance to critical scale-up parameters. Incorporation of additional feed stock elements (e.g., heavy oil) will be evaluated subject to the heating value, viscosity, and economics of the MSW optimal slurry for hydrogen production. Ultimate scale-up of the optimized process will provide sufficient material for demonstration in the Texaco pilot facility; additional long term objectives include more detailed economic analysis of the process as a function of technical parameters and …

As a result of the Reactor Division`s disassembly basin cleanup program, it has been determined that fissile-isotopes are present in the sludge that has accumulated at the bottom of the disassembly basins. Good criticality safety practices require that the potential for obtaining a critical configuration with this fissile material be evaluated. As part of this process, the disassembly basin sand filter system has been identified as a potential area of concern. Because disassembly basin water flows through the sand filter, it is conceivable that fissile material, from the basin, could accumulate in the sand filter. Previous calculations have indicated that the mass of some fissile isotopes in the basin sludge exceeds subcritical mass limits. This report documents the criticality safety evaluation that was performed to address the possibility of forming a critical configuration within the sand filter. This evaluation is applicable to K and L Areas, since the fissile masses listed in Table 1 are bounding for both areas. Applicability to P Area will be examined following the completion of sludge sample analyses for that Area. Although it is conceivable that fissile material could accumulate in the sand filter, because of the required fissile mass and necessary critical geometries it …

This report presents the results of sampling and chemical analyses at Hanford Reservation. The samples were analyzed by Thermo-Analytic Laboratories and Roy F. Weston Laboratories using US Environmental Protection Agency CLP protocols. Sample analyses included: volatile organics; semivolatile organics; inorganics; and general chemical parameters. The data from the chemical analyses were reviewed and validated to verify that reported sample results were of sufficient quality to support decisions regarding remedial actions performed at this site.

The Silicon Mechanical group has submitted a 3 chip ladder drawing to the Fermilab Analysis Group (Zhijing Tang) to determine the temperature distribution in the ladder during detector operation. Heat transfer by convection and radiation is assumed negligible and two dimensional PEA conduction solutions were performed. The heat flux at the SVX IT chip region is assumed to be 8.359 mW/mm{sup 2} which corresponds to roughly 0.48 W per SVX II chip. The heat flux in the region of the transceiver is assumed 8.801 mW/mm{sup 2}, corresponding to 1.6 W in this region. Total heat load of the 3 chip ladder is assumed to be 3.04 W. The 3 chip ladder submitted for analysis is shown in the figure below. The multichip module (MCM) is mounted on beryllium plate which serves to carry the heat load of the chips and the transceiver to the cooling channel. Adhesive thermal conductivity is 1.6 W/m-K, based on the published value of the selected adhesive. Actual measurements of thermally conductive adhesives indicate that the assumed 1.6 W/m-K is high. Experience gained in measuring adhesive thermal conductivity indicates 0.9-1.2 W/m-K as a more reasonable number to use. The effect of the uncertainty of the adhesive …

The objective of the project has been the development of a technology for cleaning up oil spills on water through their photocatalytic oxidation. The photocatalyst used was titanium dioxide. Nanocrytalline TiO{sub 2}, of anatase or anatase/rutile phase, was bound to hollow ceramic microspheres of sufficiently low density to be buoyant on water. In the presence of these, under sunlight, oil films were photocatalytically oxidized by dissolved oxygen.

This paper is divided into: solitons in a box (polyacetylene), cyanines as molecular switches/beyond the cyanine limit, low band-gap heteropolymers, ``dimeric`` and ``trimeric monomers,`` and electrically conductive polymeric interconnects.

An investigation was conducted to determine whether the High Voltage Initiator (Sandia p number 395710; Navy NAVSEA No. 6237177) could be assigned a Department of Transportation (DOT) hazard classification of ``IGNITERS, 1.4G, UN0325`` under Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR 173.101, when packaged per Mound drawing NXB911442. A hazard classification test was performed, and the test data led to a recommended hazard classification of ``IGNITERS, 1.4G, UN0325,`` based on guidance outlined in DOE Order 1540.2 and 49 CFR 173.56.

An experimental modal analysis was performed on PATHFINDER, a 450-lb, 100-ft wing span, flying-wing-design aircraft powered by solar/electric motors. The aircraft was softly suspended and then excited using random input from a long-stroke shaker. Modal data was taken from 92 measurement locations on the aircraft using newly designed, lightweight, tri-axial accelerometers. A conventional PC-based data acquisition system provided data handling. Modal parameters were calculated, and animated mode shapes were produced using SMS STARStruct{trademark} Modal Analysis System software. The modal parameters will be used for validation of finite element models, optimum placement of onboard accelerometers during flight testing, and vibration isolation design of sensor platforms.

The objective of this research program is to continue developing, editing, maintaining, utilizing and making publicly available the Oil and Gas Well History file portion of the Natural Resources Information System (NRIS) for the State of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma Geological Survey, working with Geological Information Systems at the University of Oklahoma Sarkeys Energy Center, has undertaken to construct this information system in response to the need for a computerized, centrally located library containing accurate, detailed information on the state`s natural resources. Particular emphasis during this phase of NRIS Well History development is being placed on oil and gas data for Osage County, which is under the authority of the Osage Tribal Council. Well History file processing, special projects are undertaken to add supplemental data to the file from well logs, scout tickets, and core and sample documentation.

This document establishes the technical basis in support of Emergency Planning activities for the 233-S Plutonium Concentration Facility on the Hanford Site. The document represents an acceptable interpretation of the implementing guidance document for DOE ORDER 5500.3A. Through this document, the technical basis for the development of facility specific Emergency Action Levels and the Emergency Planning Zone is demonstrated.

This preliminary flowsheet document was developed for the Initial Pretreatment Module (IPM). This flowsheet documents the calcination technology that can be used to accomplish the destruction of organics, ferrocyanide, and nitrate/nitrite salts in addition to solubilizing aluminum compounds in selected waste tanks at the Hanford Site. The flow sheet conditions are 76 L/min diluted waste feed rate at 800{degrees}C, atmospheric pressure, and 100 millisecond residence time in the calciner. Preliminary flow diagrams, material balances, and energy requirements are presented.

Several FEA analyses of the STAR EM support rings have been performed. The original design was a continuous ring with a ``C`` channel cross section. These rings were 2-3/4 inch thick with the center rings being only 1-3/4 inch thick. Based on the early analysis of these rings, it was determined that a continuous ring with a solid cross section should be used. A thermal and mechanical analysis of both cross sections was performed. Because of symmetry, only half of the rings were modeled. The gravity load of the EM was applied to the ring by a rigid bar that extended radially from the location of the Thompson rails on the ring to the center of gravity of the EM module. In this paper the authors will first describe the analysis of the rings with the ``C`` channel cross section. The mechanical and thermal analysis of the thick 2-3/4 inch ring will be described, followed by the mechanical and thermal analysis of the thinner 1-3/4 inch ring. In the second section, the analysis of the rings with the solid cross section will be described. Once again the thermal and mechanical analysis of the thicker 2-3/4 inch ring will be first …

The Silicon Mechanical group has submitted a wedge drawing to the Fermilab Analysis Group (Zhijing Tang) to determine the temperature distribution in the ladder during detector operation. Heat transfer by convection and radiation is assumed negligible and two dimensional FEA conduction solutions were performed. The heat flux at the SVX II chip region is assumed to be 8.359 mW/mm{sup 2} which corresponds to roughly 0.48 W per SVX II chip. The heat flux in the region of the transceiver is assumed 5.556 mW/mm{sup 2}, corresponding to 2.56 W in this region. Total heat load of the wedge is assumed to be 10.24 W. The wedge submitted for analysis is shown. The multi-chip module (MCM) is mounted on a beryllium plate which serves to carry the heat load of the chips and the transceiver to the cooling channel. Adhesive thermal conductivity is 1.6 W/m-K, based on the published value of the selected adhesive. Actual measurements of thermally conductive adhesives indicate that the assumed 1.6 W/m-K is high. Experience gained in measuring adhesive thermal conductivity indicates 0.9-1.2 W/m-K as a more reasonable number to use. The effect of the uncertainty of the adhesive thermal conductivity on silicon temperature is discussed.

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Since 1992, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) audited the use of Government supply sources by five Department of Energy management and operating (M&O) contractors. The Department of Energy Acquisition Regulation (DEAR) prescribes that M&O contractors should use Government supply sources to satisfy their requirements for goods and services when these sources are made available to them and when it is economically advantageous. Four of the five audits disclosed that M&O contractors did not always use Government supply sources when these sources were available at a lower cost to the Government. As a result, these contractors incurred costs of approximately $13.6 million more for the supplies and services than necessary. The audit reports addressing these issues are summarized. Management did not agree with all aspects of the audit findings. It raised several objections which, when analyzed, questioned the very basis for the Federal Supply Schedule Program and its application to the Department`s contractors. These included: (1) questions about the Regulation language establishing the Federal Supply Schedule Program, (2) the impacts the Federal Supply Schedule Program had on the ability of the M&O`s to meet their small and small disadvantaged business procurement targets, and (3) the cost effectiveness of the Federal …

This procedure will document the satisfactory operation of the 101-AW Tank Camera Purge System (CPS) and the 101-AW Video Camera System. The safety interlock which shuts down all the electronics inside the 101-AW vapor space, during loss of purge pressure, will be in place and tested to ensure reliable performance. This procedure is separated into four sections. Section 6.1 is performed in the 306 building prior to delivery to the 200 East Tank Farms and involves leak checking all fittings on the 101-AW Purge Panel for leakage using a Snoop solution and resolving the leakage. Section 7.1 verifies that PR-1, the regulator which maintains a positive pressure within the volume (cameras and pneumatic lines), is properly set. In addition the green light (PRESSURIZED) (located on the Purge Control Panel) is verified to turn on above 10 in. w.g. and after the time delay (TDR) has timed out. Section 7.2 verifies that the purge cycle functions properly, the red light (PURGE ON) comes on, and that the correct flowrate is obtained to meet the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association. Section 7.3 verifies that the pan and tilt, camera, associated controls and components operate correctly. This section also verifies that …