A report is given of the activities of the 1977 ISABELLE Summer Workshop, held from July 18 to 29, 1977 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. An abstract was prepared for each of the seventy-four separate presentations for inclusion in DOE Energy Research Abstracts (ERA). (PMA)

The Remote Working Level Monitor (RWLM) is an instrument used to remotely monitor the RN-daughter concentrations and the Working Level (WL). It is an ac powered, microprocessor based instrument which multiplexes two independent detector units to a single central processor unit (CPU). The CPU controls the actuation of the detector units and processes and outputs the data received from these remote detector units. The remote detector units are fully automated and require no manual operation once they are set up. They detect and separate the alpha emitters of RaA and RaC' as well as detecting the beta emitters of RaB and RaC. The resultant pulses from these detected radioisotopes are transmitted to the CPU for processing. The programmed microprocessor performs the mathematical manipulations necessary to output accurate Rn-daughter concentrations and the WL. A special subroutine within the program enables the RWLM to run and output a calibration procedure on command. The data resulting from this request can then be processed in a separate program on most computers capable of BASIC programming. The calibration program results in the derivation of coefficients and beta efficiencies which provides calibrated coefficients and beta efficiencies.

A study was made to examine the effects which raising the ISA from 200 x 200 GeV to 400 x 400 GeV would have on the ''canonical'' experiments. These were ''canonical'' in the sense that they span the full range of foreseeable physics and have served as topics in previous Summer Studies and Workshops which resulted in quite explicit hardware designs and experimental goals. The study results indicate that all of the ''canonical'' experiments survive. Some are actually improved, some are unaffected, and some require changes which are suggested. In general, the 90/sup 0/ experiments are relatively unaffected. The single arm small angle spectrometer, the wide aperture (FATS-WASP) spectrometer and the Coulomb interference experiment have the largest number of modifications suggested. No uniqueness to these solutions are claimed, and there may be more desirable radical approaches. It is, however, felt that the 400 x 400 GeV ISA not only permits the work on conceptual experiments from previous Summer Studies to be taken over entirely, but indicates areas of improvement in many of them. Specifics of the individual experiments are discussed.

Technical projects, facility projects, planning and analysis, and regulatory affairs are reported for OWI's portion of the National Waste Terminal Storage program. (DLC)

Uranium-232 buildup in a thorium/denatured uranium fueled pressurized water reactor, PWR(Th), was studied using a modified version of the spectrum-dependent zero dimensional depletion code, LEOPARD. The generic Combustion Engineering System 80 reactor design was selected as the reactor model for the calculations. Reactors fueled with either enriched natural uranium and self-generated recycled uranium or uranium from a thorium breeder and self-generated recycled uranium were considered. For enriched natural uranium, concentrations of /sup 232/U varied from about 135 ppM (/sup 232/U/U weight basis) in the zeroth generation to about 260 ppM (/sup 232/U/U weight basis) at the end of the fifth generation. For the case in which thorium breeder fuel (with its relatively high /sup 232/U concentration) was used as reactor makeup fuel, concentrations of /sup 232/U varied from 441 ppM (/sup 232/U/U weight basis) at discharge from the first generation to about 512 ppM (/sup 232/U/U weight basis) at the end of the fifth generation. Concentrations in freshly fabricated fuel for this later case were 20 to 35% higher than the discharge concentration. These concentrations are low when compared to those of other thorium fueled reactor types (HTGR and MSBR) because of the relatively high /sup 238/U concentration added to …

Preliminary design and performance test results for fast optical shutters intended for use in the Nova high power fusion laser system are briefly described. Both an opening shutter to protect the pellet target from amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and a closing shutter to protect the laser from light reflected back from the target are discussed. Faraday rotators, synchronized by a 400 Hz oscillator, provide an opening shutter mechanism with an opening time of approximately 10 ..mu..s. A plasma closing shutter, employing electrical sublimation of a foil, provide a shutter closing time of 70 ns +- 20 ns. Energy for foil sublimation is provided by discharge of a 42 J capacitor bank. Implementation of these shutter techniques in the Nova system is anticipated to improve laser output power and efficiency. (RME)

A 25 megajoule, 20 kV capacitive energy storage and delivery system has been built and tested for Shiva--a 20 arm, 10 kJ, 20 TW neodymium glass fusion research laser. This system supplies over 3.5 megamperes to xenon flashlamps for optical pumping of the laser amplifier. About 15% of the energy is used to establish magnetic fields within Faraday rotator glass. A digital based control and diagnostics scheme is employed through the entire pulse power system. This scheme utilizes a distributed digital data bus that addresses every element through two levels of optical isolation. The interfacing of low level digital circuitry to a pulse power environment is discussed, as well as the design and performance of the total system. Cost and manufacturing details are important in a project of this size. The projected cost goal of 27 cents/joule, installed and operating, has been met. The general approach to the design, transient analysis, manufacture, and activation of this large power conditioning system is also discussed.

The absorption of intense laser light is found to be reduced when targets are irradiated by 1.06 ..mu..m light with long pulse widths (150-400 psec) and large focal spots (100-250 ..mu..m). Estimates of Brillouin scatter which account for the finite heat capacity of the underdense plasma predict this reduction. Spectra of the back reflected light show red shifts indicative of Brillouin scattering.

There are many experimental elementary particle objectives which are uniquely achievable with polarized proton beams. These objectives require both higher beam energies and intensities than are presently available. The polarized ion source working group concluded that it looks quite practical to produce polarized H sources with output currents of several mA. The significance of this is best demonstrated by the fact that the ZGS operates at its space charge limit using a 6 mA H/sup -/ impolarized ion source and charge exchanger injection. Thus, polarized H/sup -/ ions offer the possibility of operating high energy synchrotrons at their ''normal'' intensity. With interesting physics to be done and the high probability of adequate intensities for both fixed target and colliding beam machines, the question to be answered is whether or not it is possible to accelerate polarized protons and/or deuterons to energies above the presently available 12 GeV/c of the ZGS and to store beams in a colliding beam machine such as the ISR or ISABELLE. This question was considered by the accelerator physics working group, and the conclusions reached are discussed.

To meet neutral-beam source requirements, a combination series switch/regulator system has been developed that can provide up to 40-kV at 80A output for 10-ms from the continuously decaying voltage of a charged capacitor bank. The system uses 100% feedback control of a series hard tube regulator. This feedback regulator is able to maintain a 40-kV output level for 100% load variations while the source voltage for the capacitor bank is drained from an initial 55-kV down to as low as 43-kV during a 10-ms pulse. In addition to controlling the output voltage, the series regulator tube also serves the dual role of a disconnect or interrupt switch at the end of each pulse and during the frequent occurrence of a neutral-beam source fault. In the interrupt mode, complete disconnect is achieved in less than 2-..mu..s after first observance of a fault condition; recovery times to normal operation of less than 10-..mu..s after fault clearance can be attained if desired.

The report develops an implicit solution technique to determine both the transient surface temperature and the transient surface heat flux of electrically heated rods given the power input and an ''indicated'' internal temperature during a simulated loss-of-coolant accident. A digital computer program ORINC (ORNL Inverse Code) is developed which solves a one-dimensional, transient, lumped parameter, implicit formulation of the conduction equation at each bundle thermocouple position in the Thermal-Hydraulic Test Facility (THTF).

LEED theory has developed to the point where the diffraction beam intensities can be computed using the locations of the surface atoms as the only adjustable parameters. The position of atoms in many clean monatomic solid surfaces and the surface structures of ordered monolayers of adsorbed atoms have been determined this way. Surface crystallography studies are now extended to small hydrocarbon molecules that are adsorbed on metal surfaces. These studies are reviewed. (GHT)

When the plasma outflow velocity relative to the critical surface is supersonic, compressional density profiles can form in the critical region. These compressions involve dissipative processes like those in collisionless shocks; associated plasma instabilities and reflected ions may inhibit energy transport and enhance laser light absorption.

A calculation is presented for the final bunching of a particle beam in a synchrotron or storage ring. The voltage per turn, the harmonic number, and the bunching time are obtained. (PMA)

The Remote Working Level Monitor (RWLM) is an instrument used to remotely monitor the RN-daughter concentrations and the Working Level (WL). It is an ac powered, microprocessor based instrument which multiplexes two independent detector units to a single central processor unit (CPU). The CPU controls the actuation of the detector units and processes and outputs the data received from these remote detector units. The remote detector units are fully automated and require no manual operation once they are set up. They detect and separate the alpha emitters of RaA and RaC' as well as detecting the beta emitters of RaB and RaC. The resultant pulses from these detected radioisotopes are transmitted to the CPU for processing. The programmed microprocessor performs the mathematical manipulations necessary to output accurate Rn-daughter concentrations and the WL. A special subroutine within the program enables the RWLM to run and output a calibration procedure on command. The data resulting from this request can then be processed in a separate program on most computers capable of BASIC programming. The calibration program results in the derivation of coefficients and beta efficiencies which provides calibrated coefficients and beta efficiencies.

A laser light-scattering particle-size analyzer was used for a two-day period under limited field conditions to observe the occurrence and growth of particles in geothermal brines. Tests were conducted under conditions where both pH and rate of cooling to room temperature strongly influence the size and nature of the particulate population, with a low (4.5) pH and rapid quenching favoring slow growth rates. A method for estimating particulate mass in time periods shorter than 6 h from quenching is presented. Some implications for sampling and solids analysis are discussed.

Brief accounts of recent short investigations of three different aspects of the interface between photovoltaic solar energy conversion systems and the utility grid are presented. An account is given of some results of a recent investigation of the effect on photovoltaic system economics of the sale of excess photovoltaic electricity to the utility company. A recently developed economic dispatch model was used to study the changes that can be expected to take place in the dispatching of power from conventional plants in a utility system when a photovoltaic power plant is added to the generation mix. Also, a report is given on a set of structured interviews with high management personnel of eight different utility companies, located in various parts of the U.S. -- interviews in which utility attitudes toward photovoltaic power generation, in general, and toward utility-related photovoltaic experiments, in particular, were explored.

This paper discusses the current status of reactor design for heavy ion fusion.

Future industry scenarios for energy consumption in the marine transport industry are projected and the energy savings potential of the research and development program identified in Task III (Efficiency Improvements) against these scenarios is evaluated. The introduction is contained in Chapter I. In Chapter II, the operational, regulatory, and vessel size scenarios for the year 2000 are developed. In Chapter III, future cargo flows and expected levels of energy use for the baseline 2000 projection are determined. In Chapter IV, the research and development programs are introduced into the future US flag fleet and the energy savings potential associated with each is determined. (MCW)

The attenuation of solar radiation by the atmosphere between the heliostat and receiver of a Central Receiver solar energy system has been computed for a number of atmospheric conditions and tower-heliostat distances. The most important atmospheric variable is found to be the atmospheric aerosol content. No dependence of atmospheric water vapor is found and only a weak dependence on solar zenith angle. For a 500 m heliostat-tower distance two to four percent reductions are expected under typical desert conditions (50 to 120 km visibility). The reduction is approximately linear with heliostat-tower distance. A representative value of the attenuation coefficient is 0.051 km/sup -1/.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.