A novel condenser for EUV lithography ring-field projection optics (open access)

A novel condenser for EUV lithography ring-field projection optics

A condenser for a ring-field extreme ultra-violet (EUV) projection lithography camera is presented. The condenser consists of a gently undulating mirror, that we refer to as a ripple plate, and which is illuminated by a collimated beam at grazing incidence. The light is incident along the ripples rather than across them, so that the incident beam is reflected onto a cone and subsequently focused on to the arc of the ring field. A quasistationary illumination is achieved, since any one field point receives light from points on the ripples, which are distributed throughout the condenser pupil. The design concept can easily be applied to illuminate projection cameras with various ring-field and numerical aperture specifications. Ray-tracing results are presented of a condenser for a 0.25 NA EUV projection camera.
Date: July 15, 1999
Creator: Chapman, H. & Nugent, K. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Recent results from the super EBIT (open access)

Recent results from the super EBIT

The Super EBIT device at LLNL can produce and trap any highly charged ion at rest in the laboratory, including bare U{sup 92+} ions. Recently, the ionization cross sections for high-Z hydrogenlike ions have been measured for the first time, and measurements of the L-shell ionization cross sections for uranium ions are in progress. The two-electron contributions to the ground state energies of heliumlike ions have been directly measured using a novel technique, and spectra of 2s-2p transitions in highly ionized thorium and uranium have been used to test QED corrections to the energy levels of few electron high-Z ions. A new capability for the study of rare isotopes has been demonstrated. Ion cooling has been used to reduce the thermal broadening of x-ray emission lines to the point where natural line widths can be observed in some cases.
Date: September 15, 1995
Creator: Marrs, R.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Correlated Study of the Response of a Satellite to Acoustic Radiation Using Statistical Energy Analysis and Acoustic Test Data (open access)

A Correlated Study of the Response of a Satellite to Acoustic Radiation Using Statistical Energy Analysis and Acoustic Test Data

Aerospace payloads, such as satellites, are subjected to vibroacoustic excitation during launch. Sandia's MTI satellite has recently been certified to this environment using a combination of base input random vibration and reverberant acoustic noise. The initial choices for the acoustic and random vibration test specifications were obtained from the launch vehicle Interface Control Document (ICD). In order to tailor the random vibration levels for the laboratory certification testing, it was necessary to determine whether vibration energy was flowing across the launch vehicle interface from the satellite to the launch vehicle or the other direction. For frequencies below 120 Hz this issue was addressed using response limiting techniques based on results from the Coupled Loads Analysis (CLA). However, since the CLA Finite Element Analysis FEA model was only correlated for frequencies below 120 Hz, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) was considered to be a better choice for predicting the direction of the energy flow for frequencies above 120 Hz. The existing SEA model of the launch vehicle had been developed using the VibroAcoustic Payload Environment Prediction System (VAPEPS) computer code [1]. Therefore, the satellite would have to be modeled using VAPEPS as well. As is the case for any computational model, the …
Date: November 15, 1999
Creator: Cap, Jerome S. & Tracey, Brian
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved Oil Recovery in Fluvial Dominated Deltaic Reservoirs of Kansas - Near-Term (open access)

Improved Oil Recovery in Fluvial Dominated Deltaic Reservoirs of Kansas - Near-Term

The objective of this study is to study waterflood problems of the type found in Morrow sandstone. The major tasks undertaken are reservoir characterization and the development of a reservoir database; volumetric analysis to evaluate production performance; reservoir modeling; identification of operational problems; identification of unrecovered mobile oil and estimation of recovery factors; and identification of the most efficient and economical recovery process.
Date: October 15, 1997
Creator: Walton, A.; McCune, D.; Green, D.W.; Willhite, G.P.; Watney, L.; Michnick, M. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A study of the Teachers` Academy for Mathematics and Science (open access)

A study of the Teachers` Academy for Mathematics and Science

The Teachers` Academy for Mathematics and Science in Chicago (TAMS) is a freestanding institution founded in 1989 by scientists and a variety of other stakeholders, to advance the systemic reform of mathematics and science education in Chicago`s public schools. It focuses on the ``re-tooling`` of its elementary level teachers. The TAMS program, which has been funded in part by the DOE, contributes to strategic goals two through five of the Office of University and Science Education (OUSE). This evaluation of TAMS by the National Center for Improving Science Education is primarily a qualitative study that summarizes the history and current status of the organization and its programs. Data was obtained through extensive interviews, observations, and document review, using a framework of templates to guide data collection and analyses. The findings are organized around a series of lessons learned from the first three years of TAMS and conclusions about its current status.
Date: September 15, 1994
Creator: Brett, B.; Scheirer, M.A. & Raizen, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nesting bird deterrents for the Federal Republic of Germany glass log storage pad (open access)

Nesting bird deterrents for the Federal Republic of Germany glass log storage pad

A proposed storage pad wi11 be constructed in the 200 West Area for the storage of isotopic heat and radiation sources from the Federal Republic of Germany. The pad will be constructed in the southern portion of the Solid Waste Operations Complex near the existing Sodium Storage Pad (Figure 1). Following a biological review by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) personnel (Brandt 1996), it was determined that in order for construction to take place after March 15, 1997, actions would need to be taken to prevent migratory birds from nesting in the project area. Special attention was focused on preventing sage sparrows and loggerhead shrikes, both Hanford Site species of concern (DOE/RL 1996), from nesting in the area. This activity plan details the methods and procedures that will be used to implement these nesting deterrents.
Date: April 15, 1997
Creator: Mitchell, R.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Increased oil production and reserves from improved completion techniques in the Bluebell Field, Uinta Basin, Utah. Quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1995--September 30, 1995 (open access)

Increased oil production and reserves from improved completion techniques in the Bluebell Field, Uinta Basin, Utah. Quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1995--September 30, 1995

The objective of this project is to increase oil production and reserves in the Uinta Basin by demonstrating improved completion techniques. Low productivity of Uinta Basin wells is caused by gross production intervals of several thousand feet that contain perforated thief zones and water-bearing zones, and unperforated oil-bearing intervals. Geologic and engineering characterization and computer simulation of the Green River and Wasatch Formations in the Bluebell field will determine reservoir heterogeneities related to fractures and depositional trends. This will be followed by drilling and recompletion of several wells to demonstrate improved completion techniques based on the reservoir characterization. Transfer of the project results will be an ongoing component of the project.
Date: October 15, 1995
Creator: Allison, E. & Morgan, C. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermal and Fluid Flow Brazing Simulations (open access)

Thermal and Fluid Flow Brazing Simulations

The thermal response of fixtured parts in a batch-type brazing furnace can require numerous, time-consuming development runs before an acceptable furnace schedule or joint design is established. Powerful computational simulation tools are being developed to minimize the required number of verification experiments, improve furnace throughput, and increase product yields. Typical furnace simulations are based on thermal, fluid flow, and structural codes that incorporate the fundamental physics of the brazing process. The use of massively parallel computing to predict furnace and joint-level responses is presented. Measured and computed data are compared. Temperature values are within 1-270 of the expected peak brazing temperature for different loading conditions. Sensitivity studies reveal that the thermal response is more sensitive to the thermal boundary conditions of the heating enclosure than variability y in the materials data. Braze flow simulations predict fillet geometry and free surface joint defects. Dynamic wetting conditions, interfacial reactions, and solidification structure add a high degree of uncertainty to the flow results.
Date: December 15, 1999
Creator: Hosking, Floyd Michael; Gianolakis, Steven E.; Givler, Richard C. & Schunk, P. Randall
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Directional dependency of air sampling; Research and development grant {number_sign}4 (open access)

Directional dependency of air sampling; Research and development grant {number_sign}4

A field study was performed by Idaho State University-Environmental Monitoring Laboratory (EML) to examine the directional dependency of low-volume air samplers. A typical continuous low volume air sampler contains a sample head that is mounted on the sampler housing either horizontally through one of four walls or vertically on an exterior wall `looking down or up.` In 1992, a field study was undertaken to estimate sampling error and to detect the directional effect of sampler head orientation. Approximately 1/2 mile downwind from a phosphate plant (continuous source of alpha activity), four samplers were positioned in identical orientation alongside one sampler configured with the sample head `looking down`. At least five consecutive weekly samples were collected. The alpha activity, beta activity, and the Be-7 activity collected on the particulate filter were analyzed to determine sampling error. Four sample heads were than oriented to the four different horizontal directions. Samples were collected for at least five weeks. Analysis of the alpha data can show the effect of sampler orientation to a know near source term. Analysis of the beta and Be-7 activity shows the effect of sampler orientation to a ubiquitous source term.
Date: January 15, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iodine-129 Dose in LLW Disposal Facility Performance Assessments (open access)

Iodine-129 Dose in LLW Disposal Facility Performance Assessments

Iodine-129 has the lowest Performance Assessment derived inventory limit in SRS disposal facilities. Because iodine is concentrated in the body to one organ, the thyroid, it has been thought that dilution with stable iodine would reduce the dose effects of 129I.Examination of the dose model used to establish the Dose conversion factor for 129I shows that, at the levels considered in performance assessments of low-level waste disposal facilities, the calculated 129I dose already accounts for ingestion of stable iodine. At higher than normal iodine ingestion rates, the uptake of iodine by the thyroid itself decrease, which effectively cancels out the isotopic dilution effect.
Date: October 15, 1999
Creator: Wilhite, E.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of the crevice corrosion resistance of alloys 625 and 22 (open access)

Comparison of the crevice corrosion resistance of alloys 625 and 22

The Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project is concerned with the corrosion resistance of candidate engineered waste package materials. A variety of waste package designs have been proposed for US and Canadian High Level Nuclear Waste Repositories. A common feature of each design is the possibility of utilizing a corrosion resistant material such as a nickel-based super alloy or titanium-based alloy. A suitable corrosion resistant material may provide (a) kinetic immunity if the combination of repository environmental conditions and alloy resistance assure both: (i) a passive condition with negligible chance of localized corrosion stabilization, as well as (ii) low enough passive dissolution rates to insure conventional corrosion allowance over geological times, (b) a second form of ''corrosion allowance,'' if it can be scientifically demonstrated that a mechanism for stifling (i.e., death) of localized corrosion propagation occurs well before waste canisters are penetrated, or (c) such a low probability of initiation and continued propagation that a tolerably low degree of penetration occurs. Unfortunately, a large database on the crevice corrosion properties of alloy 22 does not exist in comparison to alloy 625. Alloy screening tests in oxidizing acids containing FeCl3 indicate that alloy 22 is more resistant to crevice corrosion than 625 …
Date: September 15, 1999
Creator: Palmer, J.; Kehler, B.; Iloybare, G. O. & Scully, J. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tritium Loading of Pinellas U-Bed No. 874 (open access)

Tritium Loading of Pinellas U-Bed No. 874

The DOE-Richland Office has requested WSRC to supply PNNL with a Pinellas U-bed loaded with tritium for permeation experiments. It is desired to have less than 1000 Ci tritium in the bed to allow shipping without excessive packaging requirements. Pinellas U-Bed No. 874 was loaded with approximately 955 Ci of 98 percent purity tritium on the ETM manifold in the Materials Test Facility in Building 232-H.
Date: September 15, 1999
Creator: Shanahan, K. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A limit on {sigma} {center_dot} BR (B{sub c}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + {pi}{sup {+-}})/{sigma} {center_dot} BR(B{sub u}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + K{sup {+-}}) in {radical}s = 1.8 TeV proton-antiproton collisions (open access)

A limit on {sigma} {center_dot} BR (B{sub c}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + {pi}{sup {+-}})/{sigma} {center_dot} BR(B{sub u}{sup {+-}} {yields} J/{psi} + K{sup {+-}}) in {radical}s = 1.8 TeV proton-antiproton collisions

We report on the results of a search for the B{sub c} (b{bar c}) meson in the decay B{sub c}{sup +-} {yields} J/{psi} + {pi}{sup +-}. This search is guided by a control sample of decays of B{sub u} mesons to J/{psi} + K and uses {approx_equal} 75pb{sup -1} of data collected at the Collider Detector Facility (CDF) at Fermilab. The lifetime of the B{sub c} meson is unknown, so the 95% confidence level limit on {sigma} {center_dot} BR(B{sub c} {yields} {psi} + {pi})/{sigma} {center_dot} BR(B{sub u} {yields} {psi} + K) is obtained as a function of the B{sub c} lifetime.
Date: July 15, 1995
Creator: Abe, F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
200 areas contaminated particle discharge (open access)

200 areas contaminated particle discharge

None
Date: December 15, 1948
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Precise tests of x-ray scattering theories in the Compton regime. (open access)

Precise tests of x-ray scattering theories in the Compton regime.

The authors report two experiments intended to test the accuracy of state-of-the-art theoretical predictions for x-ray scattering from low-Z atoms. The first one deals with the differential x-ray scattering cross sections in Ne and He from 11-22 keV and the Ne Compton-to-Rayleigh scattering ratio in this energy range. It was found that, in order to be consistent with the experimental results, an accurate description at low Z must include nonlocal exchange, electron correlation, and dynamic effects. The second experiment concerns the ratio of helium double-to-single ionization for Compton scattering in the 8-28 keV energy range where published experimental and theoretical results so far fail to give a consistent picture. The progress of the experiment and the data analysis is reported.
Date: January 15, 1999
Creator: Dunford, R. W.; Gemmell, D. S.; Kanter, E. P.; Krassig, B.; Southworth, S. H. & Young, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation and Demonstration of the BNFL Ionsens (open access)

Evaluation and Demonstration of the BNFL Ionsens

This report describes the technology, system, and process that has been developed and tested. It also discusses the technology''s advantages, disadvantages, system performance, and its effectiveness. A comparison to the baseline technologies as well as other competing technologies will be presented. This report will include a brief discussion of commercial availability and technology readiness for implementation and recommendations for its use.
Date: October 15, 1999
Creator: Salaymeh, S.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Weak matrix elements in the large N{sub c} limit (open access)

Weak matrix elements in the large N{sub c} limit

The matrix elements of the four quark operators needed to predict many weak interaction processes can be evaluated using the large N{sub c} limit of quantum chromodynamics. At leading order in the large N{sub c} expansion, the weak matrix elements of four quark operators factorize into independent matrix elements of two quark operators, a common approximation being used today. At the next leading order, the weak matrix elements acquire the leading scale and scheme dependence expected for these matrix elements in full QCD. They discuss methods to evaluate these matrix elements which involve matching perturbative QCD calculations at short distance to non-perturbative hadronic matrix elements at long distance.
Date: October 15, 1999
Creator: Bardeen, William A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Salary Information for Nuclear Engineers and Health Physicists, October 1995 (open access)

Salary Information for Nuclear Engineers and Health Physicists, October 1995

Salary information was collected for October 1995 for personnel working as nuclear engineers and health physicists. The salary information includes personnel at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels with zero, one, and three years of professional work experience. Information is provided for utilities and non-utilities. Non-utilities include private sector organizations and U.S. Department of Energy contractor-operated facilities. Government agencies, the military, academic organizations, and medical facilities are excluded.
Date: October 15, 1995
Creator: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique for the Assessment and Monitoring of Leachates in the Vadose Zone (open access)

A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique for the Assessment and Monitoring of Leachates in the Vadose Zone

The objective of this study is to develop and field test a new, integrated Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique (HHGIT) for characterization of the vadose zone at contaminated sites. This new approach to site characterization and monitoring can provide detailed maps of hydrogeological heterogeneity and the extent of contamination by combining information from 3D electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and/or 2D cross borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) surveys, statistical information about heterogeneity and hydrologic processes, and sparse hydrologic data. Because the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the vadose zone (from the ERT and XBGPR measurements, respectively) can be correlated to the fluid saturation and/or contaminant concentration, the hydrologic and geophysical measurements are related.
Date: June 15, 1999
Creator: Alumbaugh, David L.; Yeh, Jim; Labrecque, Doug; Glass, Robert J.; Brainard, James & Rautman, Chris
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Salary Information for Nuclear Engineers and Health Physicists, July 1996 (open access)

Salary Information for Nuclear Engineers and Health Physicists, July 1996

Salary information was collected for July 1996 for personnel working as nuclear engineers and health physicists. The salary information includes personnel at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels with zero, one, three, four to seven, and eight to ten years of professional work experience. Information is provided for utilities and non-utilities. Non-utilities include private sector organizations and U.S. Department of Energy contractor-operated facilities. Government agencies, the military, academic organizations, and medical facilities are excluded. In previous years the salary data have been collected for October. In 1996, the data were collected for July; thus, some caution must be exercised in making annual salary trend comparisons.
Date: July 15, 1996
Creator: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Early Inflation and Cosmology in Theories with Sub-Millimeter Dimensions (open access)

Early Inflation and Cosmology in Theories with Sub-Millimeter Dimensions

We discuss early cosmology in theories where the fundamental Planck mass is close to the TeV scale. In such theories the standard model fields are localized to a (3 + 1)-dimensional wall with n new transverse sub-millimeter sized spatial dimensions. The topics touched upon include: early inflation that occurs while the size of the new dimensions are still small, the spectrum and magnitude of density perturbations, the post-inflation era of contraction of our world while the internal dimensions evolve to their final ''large'' radius, and the production of gravitons in the bulk during these two eras. The radion moduli problem is also discussed.
Date: March 15, 1999
Creator: Arkani-Hamed, Nima
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of H2 Getter Materials for Use in the TRUPACT-II (open access)

Evaluation of H2 Getter Materials for Use in the TRUPACT-II

Savannah River Site (SRS) has many waste drums containing Pu-238 that exceed the currently allowed wattage for transportation in the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II). By eliminating layers of confinement in waste drums and using getters to remove hydrogen gas, the TRUPACT-II waste loading can be increased significantly, with the potential of reaching the package''s 40-watt thermal limit. The cost savings associated with increasing the waste loading are enormous, and can be measured by reduced numbers of shipments, required processing facilities, and years of effort. To support the decision-making process and provide a good starting point for future development efforts at SRTC, the design requirements for a getter system to be used in the TRUPACT-II were compiled and are discussed in detail in the Appendix.
Date: November 15, 1999
Creator: Livingston, R. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Overview of Surface Finishes and Their Role in Printed Circuit Board Solderability and Solder Joint Performance (open access)

An Overview of Surface Finishes and Their Role in Printed Circuit Board Solderability and Solder Joint Performance

A overview has been presented on the topic of alternative surface finishes for package I/Os and circuit board features. Aspects of processability and solder joint reliability were described for the following coatings: baseline hot-dipped, plated, and plated-and-fused 100Sn and Sn-Pb coatings; Ni/Au; Pd, Ni/Pd, and Ni/Pd/Au finishes; and the recently marketed immersion Ag coatings. The Ni/Au coatings appear to provide the all-around best option in terms of solderability protection and wire bondability. Nickel/Pal ftishes offer a slightly reduced level of performance in these areas that is most likely due to variable Pd surface conditions. It is necessmy to minimize dissolved Au or Pd contents in the solder material to prevent solder joint embrittlement. Ancillary aspects that included thickness measurement techniques; the importance of finish compatibility with conformal coatings and conductive adhesives; and the need for alternative finishes for the processing of non-Pb bearing solders were discussed.
Date: October 15, 1998
Creator: Vianco, P. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-S-104 (open access)

Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-S-104

One of the major functions of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) is to characterize wastes in support of waste management and disposal activities at the Hanford Site. Analytical data from sampling and analysis, along with other available information about a tank, are compiled and maintained in a tank characterization report (TCR). This report and its appendixes serve as the TCR for single-shell tank 241-S-104. The objectives of this report are: (1) to use characterization data in response to technical issues associated with 241-S- 104 waste; and (2) to provide a standard characterization of this waste in terms of a best-basis inventory estimate. The response to technical issues is summarized in Section 2.0, and the best-basis inventory estimate is presented in Section 3.0. Recommendations regarding safety status and additional sampling needs are provided in Section 4.0. Supporting data and information are contained in the appendixes. This report also supports the requirements of the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Ecology et al. 1996) milestone M-44-05.
Date: April 15, 1997
Creator: Jo, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library